std::ranges::sample
来自cppreference.com
| 在标头 <algorithm> 定义
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| 调用签名 |
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(1) | (C++20 起) |
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(2) | (C++20 起) |
1) 从序列
[first, last) 选择 M = min(n, last - first) 个元素(无替代)使得每个可能的样本拥有相等的出现概率,并将那些选择的元素写到始于 out 的范围中。 仅若
I 实现 std::forward_iterator 算法才稳定(保持被选择元素的相对顺序)。 若
out 在 [first, last) 中则行为未定义。2) 同 (1),但以
r 为源范围,如同以 ranges::begin(r) 为 first 并以 ranges::end(r) 为 last。此页面上描述的函数式实体是算法函数对象(非正式地称为 niebloid),即:
参数
| first, last | - | 从中采样的范围(总体)元素范围的迭代器-哨位对 |
| r | - | 从中采样的范围(总体) |
| out | - | 用以写入样本的输出迭代器 |
| n | - | 要抽取的样本数 |
| gen | - | 用作随机性源的随机数生成器 |
返回值
等于 out + M 的迭代器,即结果采样范围的末尾。
复杂度
线性: 𝓞(last - first)。
注解
此函数可能实现选择抽样或蓄水池抽样。
可能的实现
struct sample_fn
{
template<std::input_iterator I, std::sentinel_for<I> S,
std::weakly_incrementable O, class Gen>
requires (std::forward_iterator<I> or
std::random_access_iterator<O>) &&
std::indirectly_copyable<I, O> &&
std::uniform_random_bit_generator<std::remove_reference_t<Gen>>
O operator()(I first, S last, O out, std::iter_difference_t<I> n, Gen&& gen) const
{
using diff_t = std::iter_difference_t<I>;
using distrib_t = std::uniform_int_distribution<diff_t>;
using param_t = typename distrib_t::param_type;
distrib_t D{};
if constexpr (std::forward_iterator<I>)
{
// 此分支保持样本元素“稳定性”
auto rest{ranges::distance(first, last)};
for (n = ranges::min(n, rest); n != 0; ++first)
if (D(gen, param_t(0, --rest)) < n)
{
*out++ = *first;
--n;
}
return out;
}
else
{
// D 为 random_access_iterator
diff_t sample_size{};
// 复制 [first, first + M) 元素到“随机访问”输出
for (; first != last && sample_size != n; ++first)
out[sample_size++] = *first;
// 以随机选择的值重写某些复制的元素
for (auto pop_size{sample_size}; first != last; ++first, ++pop_size)
{
const auto i{D(gen, param_t{0, pop_size})};
if (i < n)
out[i] = *first;
}
return out + sample_size;
}
}
template<ranges::input_range R, std::weakly_incrementable O, class Gen>
requires (ranges::forward_range<R> or std::random_access_iterator<O>) &&
std::indirectly_copyable<ranges::iterator_t<R>, O> &&
std::uniform_random_bit_generator<std::remove_reference_t<Gen>>
O operator()(R&& r, O out, ranges::range_difference_t<R> n, Gen&& gen) const
{
return (*this)(ranges::begin(r), ranges::end(r), std::move(out), n,
std::forward<Gen>(gen));
}
};
inline constexpr sample_fn sample {};
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示例
运行此代码
#include <algorithm>
#include <iomanip>
#include <iostream>
#include <iterator>
#include <random>
#include <vector>
void print(auto const& rem, auto const& v)
{
std::cout << rem << " = [" << std::size(v) << "] { ";
for (auto const& e : v)
std::cout << e << ' ';
std::cout << "}\n";
}
int main()
{
const auto in = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6};
print("in", in);
std::vector<int> out;
const int max = in.size() + 2;
auto gen = std::mt19937{std::random_device{}()};
for (int n{}; n != max; ++n)
{
out.clear();
std::ranges::sample(in, std::back_inserter(out), n, gen);
std::cout << "n = " << n;
print(", out", out);
}
}
可能的输出:
in = [6] { 1 2 3 4 5 6 }
n = 0, out = [0] { }
n = 1, out = [1] { 5 }
n = 2, out = [2] { 4 5 }
n = 3, out = [3] { 2 3 5 }
n = 4, out = [4] { 2 4 5 6 }
n = 5, out = [5] { 1 2 3 5 6 }
n = 6, out = [6] { 1 2 3 4 5 6 }
n = 7, out = [6] { 1 2 3 4 5 6 }
