std::tolower - cppreference.com
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std::tolower

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Definido no cabeçalho <cctype>
int tolower( int ch );
Converte o caráter dado para minúsculas de acordo com as regras de conversão de caracteres definidos pela localidade C atualmente instalado.
Original:
Converts the given character to lowercase according to the character conversion rules defined by the currently installed C locale.
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Parâmetros

ch -
caractere a ser convertido
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character to be converted
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Valor de retorno

Versão minúscula ch ou ch não modificada se nenhuma versão minúscula é listada na localidade C atual.
Original:
Lowercase version of ch or unmodified ch if no lowercase version is listed in the current C locale.
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Exemplo

#include <iostream>
#include <cctype>
#include <clocale>

int main()
{
    char c = '\xb4'; // the character Ž in ISO-8859-15
                     // but ´ (acute accent) in ISO-8859-1 

    std::setlocale(LC_ALL, "en_US.iso88591");
    std::cout << std::hex << std::showbase;
    std::cout << "in iso8859-1, tolower('0xb4') gives "
              << std::tolower(c) << '\n';
    std::setlocale(LC_ALL, "en_US.iso885915");
    std::cout << "in iso8859-15, tolower('0xb4') gives "
              << std::tolower(c) << '\n';
}

Saída:

in iso8859-1, tolower('0xb4') gives 0xb4
in iso8859-15, tolower('0xb4') gives 0xb8

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