std::unique_ptr - cppreference.com
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      std::unique_ptr

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      Os operadores relacionais
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      Relational operators
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      rel_ops::operator!=
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      Pairs and tuples
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      Troque, avançar e avançar
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      Swap, forward and move
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      Gerenciamento de memória dinâmica
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      Alocadores
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      Allocators
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      Uninitialized armazenamento
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      Uninitialized storage
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      Smart pointers
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      Garbage collection support
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      Miscellaneous
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      C Library
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      std :: unique_ptr
      Funções de membro
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      Member functions
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      unique_ptr::unique_ptr
      unique_ptr::~unique_ptr
      unique_ptr::operator=
      Modificadores
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      Modifiers
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      unique_ptr::release
      unique_ptr::reset
      unique_ptr::swap
      Observadores
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      Observers
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      unique_ptr::get
      unique_ptr::get_deleter
      unique_ptr::operator bool
      unique_ptr::operator*
      unique_ptr::operator->
      unique_ptr::operator[]
      Não-membros funções
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      Non-member functions
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      <tbody> </tbody>
      Definido no cabeçalho <memory>
      template< class T, class Deleter = std::default_delete<T> > class unique_ptr;
      		 (1) (desde C++11)
      template < class T, class Deleter > class unique_ptr<T[],Deleter>;
      		 (2) (desde C++11)

      std::unique_ptr é um ponteiro inteligente que:

      • detém a propriedade exclusiva de um objeto através de um ponteiro, e
      • destrói o objeto apontado quando o unique_ptr sai do escopo.

      O unique_ptr não pode ser copiado nem transferido por cópia. Um objeto não pode ser gerido por duas instâncias diferentes de unique_ptr. Um unique_ptr não-const pode transferir a propriedade do objeto gerido para outro unique_ptr; já um const std::unique_ptr não pode ser transferido, o que limita o tempo de vida do objeto gerido ao escopo onde o ponteiro foi criado. Quando o unique_ptr é destruído, ele descarta o objeto através de Deleter. Existem duas versões do std::unique_ptr:

      1) gere o tempo de vida de um único objeto (por exemplo, alocado com new)
      2) controla o tempo de vida de uma matriz cujo comprimento é decidido durante a execução (por exemplo, alocado com new [])

      Os usos típicos de std::unique_ptr incluem:

      • proporcionando segurança exceção a classes e funções que manipulam objetos com vida dinâmica, garantindo a eliminação de ambos saída normal e saída através de exceção.
        Original:
        providing exception safety to classes and functions that handle objects with dynamic lifetime, by guaranteeing deletion on both normal exit and exit through exception.
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      • passando a propriedade de objetos de propriedade exclusiva com vida dinâmica em funções
        Original:
        passing ownership of uniquely-owned objects with dynamic lifetime into functions
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      • a aquisição da propriedade de objetos de propriedade exclusiva com vida dinâmica de funções
        Original:
        acquiring ownership of uniquely-owned objects with dynamic lifetime from functions
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      • como o tipo de elemento em movimento de reconhecimento de recipientes, como std::vector, que possuem ponteiros para objetos dinamicamente alocados, por exemplo, se o comportamento polimórfico é desejado
        Original:
        as the element type in move-aware containers, such as std::vector, which hold pointers to dynamically-allocated objects, e.g. if polymorphic behavior is desired
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      Tipos de membro

      Tipo de membro
      Original:
      Member type
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      		 Definition
      pointer
      std::remove_reference<D>::type::pointer se esse tipo existe, de outra forma * T
      Original:
      std::remove_reference<D>::type::pointer if that type exists, otherwise T*
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      element_type
      T, o tipo do objeto gerenciado por este unique_ptr
      Original:
      T, the type of the object managed by this unique_ptr
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      deleter_type
      Deleter, o objeto de função ou lvalue referência à função ou objeto de função, a ser chamado a partir do destruidor
      Original:
      Deleter, the function object or lvalue reference to function or to function object, to be called from the destructor
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      Funções de membro
      constrói um novo unique_ptr
      Original:
      constructs a new unique_ptr
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      (função pública membro) [edit]
      destrói o objeto gerenciado se for presente
      Original:
      destructs the managed object if such is present
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      (função pública membro) [edit]
      atribui o unique_ptr
      Original:
      assigns the unique_ptr
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      (função pública membro) [edit]
      Modificadores
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      Modifiers
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      retorna um ponteiro para o objeto gerenciado e libera a propriedade
      Original:
      returns a pointer to the managed object and releases the ownership
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      (função pública membro) [edit]
      substitui o objeto gerenciado
      Original:
      replaces the managed object
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      (função pública membro) [edit]
      troca os objetos gerenciados
      Original:
      swaps the managed objects
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      (função pública membro) [edit]
      Observadores
      Original:
      Observers
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      retorna um ponteiro para o objeto gerenciado
      Original:
      returns a pointer to the managed object
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      (função pública membro) [edit]
      retorna o deleter que é usado para a destruição do objecto gerido
      Original:
      returns the deleter that is used for destruction of the managed object
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      (função pública membro) [edit]
      verifica se existe é associado objeto gerenciado
      Original:
      checks if there is associated managed object
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      (função pública membro) [edit]
      Único objeto de versão, unique_ptr <T>
      Original:
      Single-object version, unique_ptr<T>
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      dereferences ponteiro para o objeto gerenciado
      Original:
      dereferences pointer to the managed object
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      (função pública membro) [edit]
      Versão matriz, unique_ptr <T[]>
      Original:
      Array version, unique_ptr<T[]>
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      fornece acesso indexado à matriz gerenciada
      Original:
      provides indexed access to the managed array
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      (função pública membro) [edit]

      Não-membros funções
      compara a outra ou com unique_ptr nullptr
      Original:
      compares to another unique_ptr or with nullptr
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      (modelo de função) [edit]
      (C++11)
      o algoritmo especializado std::swap
      Original:
      specializes the std::swap algorithm
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      (modelo de função) [edit]

      Classes auxiliares

      Exemplo

      #include <iostream>
#include <memory>

struct Foo {
    Foo() { std::cout << "Foo::Foo\n"; }
    ~Foo() { std::cout << "Foo::~Foo\n"; }
    void bar() { std::cout << "Foo::bar\n"; }
};

void f(const Foo &foo)
{
    std::cout << "f(const Foo&)\n";
}

int main()
{
    std::unique_ptr<Foo> p1(new Foo);  // p1 owns Foo
    if (p1) p1->bar();

    {
        std::unique_ptr<Foo> p2(std::move(p1));  // now p2 owns Foo
        f(*p2);

        p1 = std::move(p2);  // ownership returns to p1
        std::cout << "destroying p2...\n";
    }

    if (p1) p1->bar();

    // Foo instance is destroyed when p1 goes out of scope
}

      Saída: 

      Foo::Foo
Foo::bar
f(const Foo&)
destroying p2...
Foo::bar
Foo::~Foo