nodejs-github-bot · Sep 12, 2026 · Aug 28, 2026
diff --git a/doc/api/crypto.md b/doc/api/crypto.md
@@ -5518,6 +5518,39 @@ const derivedKey = hkdfSync('sha512', 'key', 'salt', 'info', 64);
 console.log(Buffer.from(derivedKey).toString('hex'));  // '24156e2...5391653'
 ```
 
+### `crypto.parsePKCS12(bundle[, options])`
+
+<!-- YAML
+added: REPLACEME
+-->
+
+* `bundle` {ArrayBuffer|Buffer|TypedArray|DataView} A DER-encoded PKCS#12
+  (`.p12` or `.pfx`) bundle.
+* `options` {Object}
+  * `passphrase` {string|ArrayBuffer|Buffer|TypedArray|DataView} The passphrase
+    protecting the bundle. Omitting this option is equivalent to passing `''`.
+* Returns: {Object}
+  * `privateKey` {KeyObject|null} The first private key in the bundle, or
+    `null` if none is present.
+  * `certificate` {X509Certificate|null} The certificate matching `privateKey`,
+    or `null` if no matching certificate is present.
+  * `additionalCertificates` {X509Certificate\[]} All other certificates in
+    the bundle. If there is no private key, this contains all certificates.
+    May be empty.
+
+Parses a PKCS#12 bundle, commonly stored with a `.p12` or `.pfx` extension,
+and returns its private key and certificates.
+
+```mjs
+import { parsePKCS12 } from 'node:crypto';
+import { readFileSync } from 'node:fs';
+
+const { privateKey, certificate, additionalCertificates } = parsePKCS12(
+  readFileSync('bundle.p12'),
+  { passphrase: 'secret' },
+);
+```
+
 ### `crypto.pbkdf2(password, salt, iterations, keylen, digest, callback)`
 
 <!-- YAML

diff --git a/lib/crypto.js b/lib/crypto.js
@@ -84,6 +84,7 @@ const {
   createSecretKey,
   createPublicKey,
   createPrivateKey,
+  parsePKCS12,
   KeyObject,
 } = require('internal/crypto/keys');
 const {
@@ -216,6 +217,7 @@ module.exports = {
   getMacs,
   hkdf,
   hkdfSync,
+  parsePKCS12,
   pbkdf2,
   pbkdf2Sync,
   generateKeyPair,

diff --git a/lib/internal/crypto/keys.js b/lib/internal/crypto/keys.js
@@ -1,13 +1,15 @@
 'use strict';
 
 const {
+  ArrayPrototypeMap,
   ArrayPrototypeSlice,
   ObjectDefineProperties,
   ObjectPrototypeHasOwnProperty,
   ObjectSetPrototypeOf,
   StringPrototypeIncludes,
   StringPrototypeStartsWith,
   SymbolToStringTag,
+  TypedArrayPrototypeIncludes,
   Uint8Array,
 } = primordials;
 
@@ -35,6 +37,7 @@ const {
   kKeyEncodingPKCS8,
   kKeyEncodingSPKI,
   kKeyEncodingSEC1,
+  parsePKCS12: _parsePKCS12,
 } = internalBinding('crypto');
 
 const {
@@ -63,6 +66,7 @@ const {
 
 const {
   getArrayBufferOrView,
+  getBufferSourceBytes,
   bigIntArrayToUnsignedBigInt,
   normalizeAlgorithm,
   hasAnyNotIn,
@@ -784,6 +788,65 @@ function createPublicKey(key) {
   return new PublicKeyObject(handle);
 }
 
+/**
+ * Parses a PKCS#12 (.p12 / .pfx) bundle. Returns an object holding the first
+ * private key as `privateKey`, the certificate associated with it as
+ * `certificate`, and every other certificate in the bundle as an array in
+ * `additionalCertificates`. `privateKey` and `certificate` are null when the
+ * bundle contains none.
+ * @param {ArrayBuffer|Buffer|TypedArray|DataView} bundle
+ * @param {object} [options]
+ * @returns {object}
+ */
+function parsePKCS12(bundle, options = kEmptyObject) {
+  if (!isArrayBufferView(bundle) && !isAnyArrayBuffer(bundle)) {
+    throw new ERR_INVALID_ARG_TYPE(
+      'bundle',
+      ['ArrayBuffer', 'TypedArray', 'DataView', 'Buffer'],
+      bundle);
+  }
+
+  validateObject(options, 'options');
+  const { passphrase } = options;
+
+  // `undefined` means no passphrase, '' a zero-length one. OpenSSL accepts
+  // either PKCS#12 password encoding for both, so they behave the same.
+  let passBuf;
+  if (passphrase !== undefined) {
+    passBuf = getArrayBufferOrView(passphrase, 'options.passphrase', 'utf8');
+    // OpenSSL takes the passphrase as a NUL-terminated C string, so one
+    // containing a NUL byte would be truncated there and the bundle opened
+    // with only the bytes before it. A PKCS#12 password cannot represent an
+    // embedded NUL anyway, so reject it outright.
+    if (TypedArrayPrototypeIncludes(getBufferSourceBytes(passBuf), 0)) {
+      throw new ERR_INVALID_ARG_VALUE(
+        'options.passphrase', passphrase, 'must not contain null bytes');
+    }
+    // The binding reads the passphrase as a view; wrap a bare ArrayBuffer.
+    if (isAnyArrayBuffer(passBuf)) passBuf = Buffer.from(passBuf);
+  }
+
+  // Likewise, the binding reads the bundle as a view.
+  const bundleBuf = isAnyArrayBuffer(bundle) ? Buffer.from(bundle) : bundle;
+
+  const {
+    0: keyHandle,
+    1: certHandle,
+    2: otherHandles,
+  } = _parsePKCS12(bundleBuf, passBuf);
+
+  // Required lazily: internal/crypto/x509 depends on this module.
+  const { InternalX509Certificate } = require('internal/crypto/x509');
+
+  return {
+    privateKey: keyHandle === null ? null : new PrivateKeyObject(keyHandle),
+    certificate:
+      certHandle === null ? null : new InternalX509Certificate(certHandle),
+    additionalCertificates:
+      ArrayPrototypeMap(otherHandles, (h) => new InternalX509Certificate(h)),
+  };
+}
+
 /**
  * Converts a secret KeyObjectHandle to a CryptoKey by dispatching to the
  * algorithm-specific Web Crypto import path.
@@ -1433,6 +1496,7 @@ module.exports = {
   createSecretKey,
   createPublicKey,
   createPrivateKey,
+  parsePKCS12,
   KeyObject,
   CryptoKey,
   InternalCryptoKey,

diff --git a/node.gyp b/node.gyp
@@ -412,6 +412,7 @@
       'src/crypto/crypto_hash.cc',
       'src/crypto/crypto_keys.cc',
       'src/crypto/crypto_keygen.cc',
+      'src/crypto/crypto_pkcs12.cc',
       'src/crypto/crypto_scrypt.cc',
       'src/crypto/crypto_tls.cc',
       'src/crypto/crypto_x509.cc',
@@ -432,6 +433,7 @@
       'src/crypto/crypto_hash.h',
       'src/crypto/crypto_keys.h',
       'src/crypto/crypto_keygen.h',
+      'src/crypto/crypto_pkcs12.h',
       'src/crypto/crypto_scrypt.h',
       'src/crypto/crypto_tls.h',
       'src/crypto/crypto_context.h',

diff --git a/src/crypto/crypto_context.cc b/src/crypto/crypto_context.cc
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 #include "base_object-inl.h"
 #include "crypto/crypto_bio.h"
 #include "crypto/crypto_common.h"
+#include "crypto/crypto_pkcs12.h"
 #include "crypto/crypto_tls_certificates.h"
 #include "crypto/crypto_util.h"
 #include "env-inl.h"
@@ -16,7 +17,6 @@
 #ifdef NODE_OPENSSL_HAS_CERT_COMP
 #include <openssl/comp.h>
 #endif
-#include <openssl/pkcs12.h>
 #include <openssl/rand.h>
 #include <openssl/x509.h>
 #ifdef __APPLE__
@@ -2185,13 +2185,30 @@ void SecureContext::Close(const FunctionCallbackInfo<Value>& args) {
   sc->Reset();
 }
 
+namespace {
+// The historical error shape for the TLS `pfx` option: the OpenSSL reason
+// string, except for OpenSSL 3's bare "unsupported" error, which on its own
+// says nothing useful.
+// TODO(@jasnell): Should this use ThrowCryptoError?
+// NOLINTNEXTLINE(runtime/int) -- matches ERR_get_error()
+void ThrowPFXError(Environment* env, unsigned long err) {
+#if OPENSSL_VERSION_MAJOR >= 3
+  if (ERR_GET_REASON(err) == ERR_R_UNSUPPORTED) {
+    return THROW_ERR_CRYPTO_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION(
+        env, "Unsupported PKCS12 PFX data");
+  }
+#endif
+
+  const char* str = ERR_reason_error_string(err);
+  str = str != nullptr ? str : "Unknown error";
+  env->ThrowError(str);
+}
+}  // namespace
+
 // Takes .pfx or .p12 and password in string or buffer format
 void SecureContext::LoadPKCS12(const FunctionCallbackInfo<Value>& args) {
   Environment* env = Environment::GetCurrent(args);
 
-  std::vector<char> pass;
-  bool ret = false;
-
   SecureContext* sc;
   ASSIGN_OR_RETURN_UNWRAP(&sc, args.This());
   ClearErrorOnReturn clear_error_on_return;
@@ -2206,66 +2223,55 @@ void SecureContext::LoadPKCS12(const FunctionCallbackInfo<Value>& args) {
         env, "Unable to load PFX certificate");
   }
 
+  // PKCS12_parse() takes a NUL-terminated C string; a view is not one, so copy
+  // the bytes out. A passphrase is optional; nullptr means none was given.
+  std::vector<char> pass_storage;
+  const char* pass = nullptr;
   if (args.Length() >= 2) {
     THROW_AND_RETURN_IF_NOT_BUFFER(env, args[1], "Pass phrase");
     Local<ArrayBufferView> abv = args[1].As<ArrayBufferView>();
     size_t passlen = abv->ByteLength();
-    pass.resize(passlen + 1);
-    abv->CopyContents(pass.data(), passlen);
-    pass[passlen] = '\0';
+    pass_storage.resize(passlen + 1);
+    abv->CopyContents(pass_storage.data(), passlen);
+    pass_storage[passlen] = '\0';
+    pass = pass_storage.data();
   }
 
   // Free previous certs
   sc->issuer_.reset();
   sc->cert_.reset();
 
-  DeleteFnPtr<PKCS12, PKCS12_free> p12;
-  EVPKeyPointer pkey;
-  X509Pointer cert;
-  StackOfX509 extra_certs;
-
-  PKCS12* p12_ptr = nullptr;
-  EVP_PKEY* pkey_ptr = nullptr;
-  X509* cert_ptr = nullptr;
-  STACK_OF(X509)* extra_certs_ptr = nullptr;
-
-  if (!d2i_PKCS12_bio(in.get(), &p12_ptr)) {
-    goto done;
-  }
-
-  // Move ownership to the smart pointer:
-  p12.reset(p12_ptr);
-
-  if (!PKCS12_parse(
-          p12.get(), pass.data(), &pkey_ptr, &cert_ptr, &extra_certs_ptr)) {
-    goto done;
+  auto parsed = ParsePKCS12Bundle(in, pass);
+  if (!parsed) {
+    // Every parse failure carries the OpenSSL error that caused it, which is
+    // all this path needs: ThrowPFXError() derives the same message it always
+    // has, the UNSUPPORTED_ALGORITHM case included.
+    return ThrowPFXError(env, parsed.openssl_error.value_or(0));
   }
 
-  // Move ownership of the parsed data:
-  pkey.reset(pkey_ptr);
-  cert.reset(cert_ptr);
-  extra_certs.reset(extra_certs_ptr);
-
-  if (!pkey) {
+  // Unlike crypto.parsePKCS12(), TLS needs both halves of the pair.
+  if (!parsed.value.key) {
     return THROW_ERR_CRYPTO_OPERATION_FAILED(
         env, "Unable to load private key from PFX data");
   }
 
-  if (!cert) {
+  if (!parsed.value.cert) {
     return THROW_ERR_CRYPTO_OPERATION_FAILED(
         env, "Unable to load certificate from PFX data");
   }
 
+  const StackOfX509& extra_certs = parsed.value.ca;
+
   if (!SSL_CTX_use_certificate_chain(sc->ctx_.get(),
-                                     std::move(cert),
+                                     std::move(parsed.value.cert),
                                      extra_certs.get(),
                                      &sc->cert_,
                                      &sc->issuer_)) {
-    goto done;
+    return ThrowPFXError(env, ERR_get_error());
   }
 
-  if (!SSL_CTX_use_PrivateKey(sc->ctx_.get(), pkey.get())) {
-    goto done;
+  if (!SSL_CTX_use_PrivateKey(sc->ctx_.get(), parsed.value.key.get())) {
+    return ThrowPFXError(env, ERR_get_error());
   }
 
   // Add CA certs too
@@ -2275,27 +2281,6 @@ void SecureContext::LoadPKCS12(const FunctionCallbackInfo<Value>& args) {
     X509_STORE_add_cert(sc->GetCertStoreOwnedByThisSecureContext(), ca);
     CHECK_EQ(1, SSL_CTX_add_client_CA(sc->ctx_.get(), ca));
   }
-  ret = true;
-
-done:
-  if (!ret) {
-    // TODO(@jasnell): Should this use ThrowCryptoError?
-    unsigned long err = ERR_get_error();  // NOLINT(runtime/int)
-
-#if OPENSSL_VERSION_MAJOR >= 3
-    if (ERR_GET_REASON(err) == ERR_R_UNSUPPORTED) {
-      // OpenSSL's "unsupported" error without any context is very
-      // common and not very helpful, so we override it:
-      return THROW_ERR_CRYPTO_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION(
-          env, "Unsupported PKCS12 PFX data");
-    }
-#endif
-
-    const char* str = ERR_reason_error_string(err);
-    str = str != nullptr ? str : "Unknown error";
-
-    return env->ThrowError(str);
-  }
 }
 
 #ifndef OPENSSL_NO_ENGINE