nodejs · nodejs-github-bot · Apr 17, 2026 · Apr 15, 2026 · Apr 15, 2026 · Apr 15, 2026
diff --git a/lib/internal/crypto/webcrypto.js b/lib/internal/crypto/webcrypto.js
@@ -919,6 +919,14 @@ async function wrapKey(format, key, wrappingKey, algorithm) {
   } catch {
     algorithm = normalizeAlgorithm(algorithm, 'encrypt');
   }
+
+  if (algorithm.name !== wrappingKey[kAlgorithm].name)
+    throw lazyDOMException('Key algorithm mismatch', 'InvalidAccessError');
+
+  if (!ArrayPrototypeIncludes(wrappingKey[kKeyUsages], 'wrapKey'))
+    throw lazyDOMException(
+      'Unable to use this key to wrapKey', 'InvalidAccessError');
+
   let keyData = await FunctionPrototypeCall(exportKey, this, format, key);
 
   if (format === 'jwk') {
@@ -997,6 +1005,13 @@ async function unwrapKey(
 
   unwrappedKeyAlgo = normalizeAlgorithm(unwrappedKeyAlgo, 'importKey');
 
+  if (unwrapAlgo.name !== unwrappingKey[kAlgorithm].name)
+    throw lazyDOMException('Key algorithm mismatch', 'InvalidAccessError');
+
+  if (!ArrayPrototypeIncludes(unwrappingKey[kKeyUsages], 'unwrapKey'))
+    throw lazyDOMException(
+      'Unable to use this key to unwrapKey', 'InvalidAccessError');
+
   let keyData = await cipherOrWrap(
     kWebCryptoCipherDecrypt,
     unwrapAlgo,
@@ -1030,12 +1045,12 @@ async function signVerify(algorithm, key, data, signature) {
   }
   algorithm = normalizeAlgorithm(algorithm, usage);
 
-  if (!ArrayPrototypeIncludes(key[kKeyUsages], usage) ||
-      algorithm.name !== key[kAlgorithm].name) {
+  if (algorithm.name !== key[kAlgorithm].name)
+    throw lazyDOMException('Key algorithm mismatch', 'InvalidAccessError');
+
+  if (!ArrayPrototypeIncludes(key[kKeyUsages], usage))
     throw lazyDOMException(
-      `Unable to use this key to ${usage}`,
-      'InvalidAccessError');
-  }
+      `Unable to use this key to ${usage}`, 'InvalidAccessError');
 
   switch (algorithm.name) {
     case 'RSA-PSS':
@@ -1120,18 +1135,6 @@ async function verify(algorithm, key, signature, data) {
 }
 
 async function cipherOrWrap(mode, algorithm, key, data, op) {
-  // We use a Node.js style error here instead of a DOMException because
-  // the WebCrypto spec is not specific what kind of error is to be thrown
-  // in this case. Both Firefox and Chrome throw simple TypeErrors here.
-  // The key algorithm and cipher algorithm must match, and the
-  // key must have the proper usage.
-  if (key[kAlgorithm].name !== algorithm.name ||
-      !ArrayPrototypeIncludes(key[kKeyUsages], op)) {
-    throw lazyDOMException(
-      'The requested operation is not valid for the provided key',
-      'InvalidAccessError');
-  }
-
   // While WebCrypto allows for larger input buffer sizes, we limit
   // those to sizes that can fit within uint32_t because of limitations
   // in the OpenSSL API.
@@ -1182,6 +1185,14 @@ async function encrypt(algorithm, key, data) {
   });
 
   algorithm = normalizeAlgorithm(algorithm, 'encrypt');
+
+  if (algorithm.name !== key[kAlgorithm].name)
+    throw lazyDOMException('Key algorithm mismatch', 'InvalidAccessError');
+
+  if (!ArrayPrototypeIncludes(key[kKeyUsages], 'encrypt'))
+    throw lazyDOMException(
+      'Unable to use this key to encrypt', 'InvalidAccessError');
+
   return await cipherOrWrap(
     kWebCryptoCipherEncrypt,
     algorithm,
@@ -1211,6 +1222,14 @@ async function decrypt(algorithm, key, data) {
   });
 
   algorithm = normalizeAlgorithm(algorithm, 'decrypt');
+
+  if (algorithm.name !== key[kAlgorithm].name)
+    throw lazyDOMException('Key algorithm mismatch', 'InvalidAccessError');
+
+  if (!ArrayPrototypeIncludes(key[kKeyUsages], 'decrypt'))
+    throw lazyDOMException(
+      'Unable to use this key to decrypt', 'InvalidAccessError');
+
   return await cipherOrWrap(
     kWebCryptoCipherDecrypt,
     algorithm,

diff --git a/test/parallel/test-webcrypto-encrypt-decrypt-aes.js b/test/parallel/test-webcrypto-encrypt-decrypt-aes.js
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ async function testEncryptNoEncrypt({ keyBuffer, algorithm, plaintext }) {
     ['decrypt']);
 
   return assert.rejects(subtle.encrypt(algorithm, key, plaintext), {
-    message: /The requested operation is not valid for the provided key/
+    message: /Unable to use this key to encrypt/
   });
 }
 
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ async function testEncryptNoDecrypt({ keyBuffer, algorithm, plaintext }) {
   const output = await subtle.encrypt(algorithm, key, plaintext);
 
   return assert.rejects(subtle.decrypt(algorithm, key, output), {
-    message: /The requested operation is not valid for the provided key/
+    message: /Unable to use this key to decrypt/
   });
 }
 
@@ -80,7 +80,23 @@ async function testEncryptWrongAlg({ keyBuffer, algorithm, plaintext }, alg) {
     ['encrypt']);
 
   return assert.rejects(subtle.encrypt(algorithm, key, plaintext), {
-    message: /The requested operation is not valid for the provided key/
+    message: /Key algorithm mismatch/
+  });
+}
+
+async function testDecryptWrongAlg({ keyBuffer, algorithm, result }, alg) {
+  if (result === undefined) return;
+  assert.notStrictEqual(algorithm.name, alg);
+  const keyFormat = alg === 'AES-OCB' ? 'raw-secret' : 'raw';
+  const key = await subtle.importKey(
+    keyFormat,
+    keyBuffer,
+    { name: alg },
+    false,
+    ['decrypt']);
+
+  return assert.rejects(subtle.decrypt(algorithm, key, result), {
+    message: /Key algorithm mismatch/
   });
 }
 
@@ -112,6 +128,7 @@ async function testDecrypt({ keyBuffer, algorithm, result }) {
       variations.push(testEncryptNoEncrypt(vector));
       variations.push(testEncryptNoDecrypt(vector));
       variations.push(testEncryptWrongAlg(vector, 'AES-CTR'));
+      variations.push(testDecryptWrongAlg(vector, 'AES-CTR'));
     });
 
     failing.forEach((vector) => {
@@ -149,6 +166,7 @@ async function testDecrypt({ keyBuffer, algorithm, result }) {
       variations.push(testEncryptNoEncrypt(vector));
       variations.push(testEncryptNoDecrypt(vector));
       variations.push(testEncryptWrongAlg(vector, 'AES-CBC'));
+      variations.push(testDecryptWrongAlg(vector, 'AES-CBC'));
     });
 
     // TODO(@jasnell): These fail for different reasons. Need to
@@ -188,6 +206,7 @@ async function testDecrypt({ keyBuffer, algorithm, result }) {
       variations.push(testEncryptNoEncrypt(vector));
       variations.push(testEncryptNoDecrypt(vector));
       variations.push(testEncryptWrongAlg(vector, 'AES-CBC'));
+      variations.push(testDecryptWrongAlg(vector, 'AES-CBC'));
     });
 
     failing.forEach((vector) => {
@@ -225,6 +244,7 @@ if (hasOpenSSL(3)) {
       variations.push(testEncryptNoEncrypt(vector));
       variations.push(testEncryptNoDecrypt(vector));
       variations.push(testEncryptWrongAlg(vector, 'AES-GCM'));
+      variations.push(testDecryptWrongAlg(vector, 'AES-GCM'));
     });
 
     failing.forEach((vector) => {

diff --git a/test/parallel/test-webcrypto-encrypt-decrypt-chacha20-poly1305.js b/test/parallel/test-webcrypto-encrypt-decrypt-chacha20-poly1305.js
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ async function testEncryptNoEncrypt({ keyBuffer, algorithm, plaintext }) {
     ['decrypt']);
 
   return assert.rejects(subtle.encrypt(algorithm, key, plaintext), {
-    message: /The requested operation is not valid for the provided key/
+    message: /Unable to use this key to encrypt/
   });
 }
 
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ async function testEncryptNoDecrypt({ keyBuffer, algorithm, plaintext }) {
   const output = await subtle.encrypt(algorithm, key, plaintext);
 
   return assert.rejects(subtle.decrypt(algorithm, key, output), {
-    message: /The requested operation is not valid for the provided key/
+    message: /Unable to use this key to decrypt/
   });
 }
 
@@ -77,7 +77,22 @@ async function testEncryptWrongAlg({ keyBuffer, algorithm, plaintext }, alg) {
     ['encrypt']);
 
   return assert.rejects(subtle.encrypt(algorithm, key, plaintext), {
-    message: /The requested operation is not valid for the provided key/
+    message: /Key algorithm mismatch/
+  });
+}
+
+async function testDecryptWrongAlg({ keyBuffer, algorithm, result }, alg) {
+  if (result === undefined) return;
+  assert.notStrictEqual(algorithm.name, alg);
+  const key = await subtle.importKey(
+    'raw-secret',
+    keyBuffer,
+    { name: alg },
+    false,
+    ['decrypt']);
+
+  return assert.rejects(subtle.decrypt(algorithm, key, result), {
+    message: /Key algorithm mismatch/
   });
 }
 
@@ -107,6 +122,7 @@ async function testDecrypt({ keyBuffer, algorithm, result }) {
       variations.push(testEncryptNoEncrypt(vector));
       variations.push(testEncryptNoDecrypt(vector));
       variations.push(testEncryptWrongAlg(vector, 'AES-GCM'));
+      variations.push(testDecryptWrongAlg(vector, 'AES-GCM'));
     });
 
     failing.forEach((vector) => {

diff --git a/test/parallel/test-webcrypto-encrypt-decrypt-rsa.js b/test/parallel/test-webcrypto-encrypt-decrypt-rsa.js
@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ async function testEncryptionWrongKey({ algorithm,
     ['decrypt']);
   return assert.rejects(
     subtle.encrypt(algorithm, privateKey, plaintext), {
-      message: /The requested operation is not valid/
+      message: /Unable to use this key to encrypt/
     });
 }
 
@@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ async function testEncryptionBadUsage({ algorithm,
     ['decrypt']);
   return assert.rejects(
     subtle.encrypt(algorithm, publicKey, plaintext), {
-      message: /The requested operation is not valid/
+      message: /Unable to use this key to encrypt/
     });
 }
 
@@ -191,7 +191,7 @@ async function testDecryptionWrongKey({ ciphertext,
 
   return assert.rejects(
     subtle.decrypt(algorithm, publicKey, ciphertext), {
-      message: /The requested operation is not valid/
+      message: /Unable to use this key to decrypt/
     });
 }
 
@@ -215,7 +215,7 @@ async function testDecryptionBadUsage({ ciphertext,
 
   return assert.rejects(
     subtle.decrypt(algorithm, publicKey, ciphertext), {
-      message: /The requested operation is not valid/
+      message: /Unable to use this key to decrypt/
     });
 }
 

diff --git a/test/parallel/test-webcrypto-encrypt-decrypt.js b/test/parallel/test-webcrypto-encrypt-decrypt.js
@@ -43,14 +43,14 @@ const { subtle } = globalThis.crypto;
       name: 'RSA-OAEP',
     }, privateKey, buf), {
       name: 'InvalidAccessError',
-      message: 'The requested operation is not valid for the provided key'
+      message: 'Unable to use this key to encrypt'
     });
 
     await assert.rejects(() => subtle.decrypt({
       name: 'RSA-OAEP',
     }, publicKey, ciphertext), {
       name: 'InvalidAccessError',
-      message: 'The requested operation is not valid for the provided key'
+      message: 'Unable to use this key to decrypt'
     });
   }
 
@@ -88,14 +88,14 @@ if (!process.features.openssl_is_boringssl) {
       name: 'RSA-OAEP',
     }, privateKey, buf), {
       name: 'InvalidAccessError',
-      message: 'The requested operation is not valid for the provided key'
+      message: 'Unable to use this key to encrypt'
     });
 
     await assert.rejects(() => subtle.decrypt({
       name: 'RSA-OAEP',
     }, publicKey, ciphertext), {
       name: 'InvalidAccessError',
-      message: 'The requested operation is not valid for the provided key'
+      message: 'Unable to use this key to decrypt'
     });
   }
 

diff --git a/test/parallel/test-webcrypto-sign-verify-ecdsa.js b/test/parallel/test-webcrypto-sign-verify-ecdsa.js
@@ -88,17 +88,17 @@ async function testVerify({ name,
   // Test failure when using the wrong algorithms
   await assert.rejects(
     subtle.verify({ name, hash }, hmacKey, signature, plaintext), {
-      message: /Unable to use this key to verify/
+      message: /Key algorithm mismatch/
     });
 
   await assert.rejects(
     subtle.verify({ name, hash }, rsaKeys.publicKey, signature, plaintext), {
-      message: /Unable to use this key to verify/
+      message: /Key algorithm mismatch/
     });
 
   await assert.rejects(
     subtle.verify({ name, hash }, okpKeys.publicKey, signature, plaintext), {
-      message: /Unable to use this key to verify/
+      message: /Key algorithm mismatch/
     });
 
   // Test failure when signature is altered
@@ -210,17 +210,17 @@ async function testSign({ name,
   // Test failure when using the wrong algorithms
   await assert.rejects(
     subtle.sign({ name, hash }, hmacKey, plaintext), {
-      message: /Unable to use this key to sign/
+      message: /Key algorithm mismatch/
     });
 
   await assert.rejects(
     subtle.sign({ name, hash }, rsaKeys.privateKey, plaintext), {
-      message: /Unable to use this key to sign/
+      message: /Key algorithm mismatch/
     });
 
   await assert.rejects(
     subtle.sign({ name, hash }, okpKeys.privateKey, plaintext), {
-      message: /Unable to use this key to sign/
+      message: /Key algorithm mismatch/
     });
 }
 

diff --git a/test/parallel/test-webcrypto-sign-verify-eddsa.js b/test/parallel/test-webcrypto-sign-verify-eddsa.js
@@ -101,17 +101,17 @@ async function testVerify({ name,
   // Test failure when using the wrong algorithms
   await assert.rejects(
     subtle.verify({ name, context }, hmacKey, signature, data), {
-      message: /Unable to use this key to verify/
+      message: /Key algorithm mismatch/
     });
 
   await assert.rejects(
     subtle.verify({ name, context }, rsaKeys.publicKey, signature, data), {
-      message: /Unable to use this key to verify/
+      message: /Key algorithm mismatch/
     });
 
   await assert.rejects(
     subtle.verify({ name, context }, ecKeys.publicKey, signature, data), {
-      message: /Unable to use this key to verify/
+      message: /Key algorithm mismatch/
     });
 
   if (name === 'Ed448' && supportsContext) {
@@ -227,17 +227,17 @@ async function testSign({ name,
   // Test failure when using the wrong algorithms
   await assert.rejects(
     subtle.sign({ name, context }, hmacKey, data), {
-      message: /Unable to use this key to sign/
+      message: /Key algorithm mismatch/
     });
 
   await assert.rejects(
     subtle.sign({ name, context }, rsaKeys.privateKey, data), {
-      message: /Unable to use this key to sign/
+      message: /Key algorithm mismatch/
     });
 
   await assert.rejects(
     subtle.sign({ name, context }, ecKeys.privateKey, data), {
-      message: /Unable to use this key to sign/
+      message: /Key algorithm mismatch/
     });
 
   if (name === 'Ed448' && supportsContext) {

diff --git a/test/parallel/test-webcrypto-sign-verify-hmac.js b/test/parallel/test-webcrypto-sign-verify-hmac.js
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ async function testVerify({ hash,
   // Test failure when using the wrong algorithms
   await assert.rejects(
     subtle.verify({ name, hash }, rsaKeys.publicKey, signature, plaintext), {
-      message: /Unable to use this key to verify/
+      message: /Key algorithm mismatch/
     });
 
   // Test failure when signature is altered
@@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ async function testSign({ hash,
   // Test failure when using the wrong algorithms
   await assert.rejects(
     subtle.sign({ name, hash }, rsaKeys.privateKey, plaintext), {
-      message: /Unable to use this key to sign/
+      message: /Key algorithm mismatch/
     });
 }