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Given a non-negative integer x, return the square root ofxrounded down to the nearest integer. The returned integer should be non-negative as well.
You must not use any built-in exponent function or operator.
For example, do not use pow(x, 0.5) in c++ or x ** 0.5 in python.
Example 1:
Input: x = 4
Output: 2
Explanation: The square root of 4 is 2, so we return 2.
Example 2:
Input: x = 8
Output: 2
Explanation: The square root of 8 is 2.82842..., and since we round it down to the nearest integer, 2 is returned.
Constraints:
0 <= x <= 2^31 - 1
这道题要求平方根,博主能想到的方法就是算一个候选值的平方,然后和x比较大小,为了缩短查找时间,这里采用二分搜索法来找平方根,这里属于博主之前总结的 LeetCode Binary Search Summary 二分搜索法小结 中的第三类的变形,找最后一个不大于目标值的数,这里细心的童鞋可能会有疑问,在总结贴中第三类博主的 right 用的是开区间,那么这里为啥 right 初始化为x,而不是 x+1 呢?因为总结帖里的 left 和 right 都是数组下标,这里的 left 和 right 直接就是数字本身了,一个数字的平方根是不可能比起本身还大的,所以不用加1,还有就是这里若x是整型最大值,再加1就会溢出。最后就是返回值是 right-1,因为题目中说了要把小数部分减去,只有减1才能得到正确的值,代码如下:
解法一:
class Solution {
public:
int mySqrt(int x) {
if (x <= 1) return x;
int left = 0, right = x;
while (left < right) {
int mid = left + (right - left) / 2;
if (x / mid >= mid) left = mid + 1;
else right = mid;
}
return right - 1;
}
};
xi+1=xi - (xi2 - n) / (2xi) = xi - xi / 2 + n / (2xi) = xi / 2 + n / 2xi = (xi + n/xi) / 2
解法二:
class Solution {
public:
int mySqrt(int x) {
if (x == 0) return 0;
double res = 1, pre = 0;
while (abs(res - pre) > 1e-6) {
pre = res;
res = (res + x / res) / 2;
}
return int(res);
}
};
也是牛顿迭代法,写法更加简洁一些,注意为了防止越界,声明为长整型,参见代码如下:
解法三:
class Solution {
public:
int mySqrt(int x) {
long res = x;
while (res * res > x) {
res = (res + x / res) / 2;
}
return res;
}
};
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