You signed in with another tab or window. Reload to refresh your session.You signed out in another tab or window. Reload to refresh your session.You switched accounts on another tab or window. Reload to refresh your session.Dismiss alert
Given an array nums containing n + 1 integers where each integer is between 1 and n (inclusive), prove that at least one duplicate number must exist. Assume that there is only one duplicate number, find the duplicate one.
Example 1:
Input: [1,3,4,2,2]
Output: 2
Example 2:
Input: [3,1,3,4,2]
Output: 3
Note:
You must not modify the array (assume the array is read only).
You must use only constant, O (1) extra space.
Your runtime complexity should be less than O ( n 2).
There is only one duplicate number in the array, but it could be repeated more than once.
class Solution {
public:
int findDuplicate(vector<int>& nums) {
int left = 1, right = nums.size();
while (left < right){
int mid = left + (right - left) / 2, cnt = 0;
for (int num : nums) {
if (num <= mid) ++cnt;
}
if (cnt <= mid) left = mid + 1;
else right = mid;
}
return right;
}
};
经过热心网友 waruzhi 的留言提醒还有一种 O(n) 的解法,并给了参考帖子,发现真是一种不错的解法,其核心思想快慢指针在之前的题目 Linked List Cycle II 中就有应用,这里应用的更加巧妙一些,由于题目限定了区间 [1,n],所以可以巧妙的利用坐标和数值之间相互转换,而由于重复数字的存在,那么一定会形成环,用快慢指针可以找到环并确定环的起始位置,确实是太巧妙了!
解法二:
class Solution {
public:
int findDuplicate(vector<int>& nums) {
int slow = 0, fast = 0, t = 0;
while (true) {
slow = nums[slow];
fast = nums[nums[fast]];
if (slow == fast) break;
}
while (true) {
slow = nums[slow];
t = nums[t];
if (slow == t) break;
}
return slow;
}
};
这道题还有一种位操作 Bit Manipulation 的解法,也十分的巧妙。思路是遍历每一位,然后对于 32 位中的每一个位 bit,都遍历一遍从0到 n-1,将0到 n-1 中的每一个数都跟 bit 相 ‘与’,若大于0,则计数器 cnt1 自增1。同时0到 n-1 也可以当作 nums 数组的下标,从而让 nums 数组中的每个数字也跟 bit 相 ‘与’,若大于0,则计数器 cnt2 自增1。最后比较若 cnt2 大于 cnt1,则将 bit 加入结果 res 中。这是为啥呢,因为对于每一位,0到 n-1 中所有数字中该位上的1的个数应该是固定的,如果 nums 数组中所有数字中该位上1的个数多了,说明重复数字在该位上一定是1,这样我们把重复数字的所有为1的位都累加起来,就可以还原出了这个重复数字,参见代码如下:
解法三:
class Solution {
public:
int findDuplicate(vector<int>& nums) {
int res = 0, n = nums.size();
for (int i = 0; i < 32; ++i) {
int bit = (1 << i), cnt1 = 0, cnt2 = 0;
for (int k = 0; k < n; ++k) {
if ((k & bit) > 0) ++cnt1;
if ((nums[k] & bit) > 0) ++cnt2;
}
if (cnt2 > cnt1) res += bit;
}
return res;
}
};
Activity
butterfly0510 commentedon Aug 24, 2019
一个建议哈,解法三中
其实不用检查全部 32 位,因为最高位是符号位
for (int i = 0; i < 31; ++i)就应该足够 cover 题目的要求啦。