cortexproject · yeya24 · Aug 6, 2025 · Mar 10, 2025 · Apr 14, 2025 · Apr 15, 2025
diff --git a/.github/workflows/test-build-deploy.yml b/.github/workflows/test-build-deploy.yml
@@ -162,6 +162,7 @@ jobs:
           - integration_querier
           - integration_ruler
           - integration_query_fuzz
+          - integration_remote_write_v2
     steps:
       - name: Upgrade golang
         uses: actions/setup-go@d35c59abb061a4a6fb18e82ac0862c26744d6ab5 # v5.5.0

diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
 * [FEATURE] Querier/Ruler: Add `query_partial_data` and `rules_partial_data` limits to allow queries/rules to be evaluated with data from a single zone, if other zones are not available. #6526
 * [FEATURE] Update prometheus alertmanager version to v0.28.0 and add new integration msteamsv2, jira, and rocketchat. #6590
 * [FEATURE] Ingester/StoreGateway: Add `ResourceMonitor` module in Cortex, and add `ResourceBasedLimiter` in Ingesters and StoreGateways. #6674
+* [FEATURE] Support Prometheus remote write 2.0. #6330
 * [FEATURE] Ingester: Support out-of-order native histogram ingestion. It automatically enabled when `-ingester.out-of-order-time-window > 0` and `-blocks-storage.tsdb.enable-native-histograms=true`. #6626 #6663
 * [FEATURE] Ruler: Add support for percentage based sharding for rulers. #6680
 * [FEATURE] Ruler: Add support for group labels. #6665

diff --git a/docs/configuration/config-file-reference.md b/docs/configuration/config-file-reference.md
@@ -3140,6 +3140,11 @@ ha_tracker:
 # CLI flag: -distributor.use-stream-push
 [use_stream_push: <boolean> | default = false]
 
+# EXPERIMENTAL: If true, accept prometheus remote write v2 protocol push
+# request.
+# CLI flag: -distributor.remote-writev2-enabled
+[remote_write2_enabled: <boolean> | default = false]
+
 ring:
   kvstore:
     # Backend storage to use for the ring. Supported values are: consul, etcd,

diff --git a/docs/configuration/v1-guarantees.md b/docs/configuration/v1-guarantees.md
@@ -59,6 +59,7 @@ Currently experimental features are:
 - Distributor:
   - Do not extend writes on unhealthy ingesters (`-distributor.extend-writes=false`)
   - Accept multiple HA pairs in the same request (enabled via `-experimental.distributor.ha-tracker.mixed-ha-samples=true`)
+  - Accept Prometheus remote write 2.0 request (`-distributor.remote-writev2-enabled=true`)
 - Tenant Deletion in Purger, for blocks storage.
 - Query-frontend: query stats tracking (`-frontend.query-stats-enabled`)
 - Blocks storage bucket index

diff --git a/integration/e2e/util.go b/integration/e2e/util.go
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/model/histogram"
 	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/model/labels"
 	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/prompb"
+	writev2 "github.com/prometheus/prometheus/prompb/io/prometheus/write/v2"
 	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/storage"
 	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/tsdb"
 	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/tsdb/tsdbutil"
@@ -423,3 +424,117 @@ func CreateBlock(
 
 	return id, nil
 }
+
+func GenerateHistogramSeriesV2(name string, ts time.Time, i uint32, floatHistogram bool, additionalLabels ...prompb.Label) (symbols []string, series []writev2.TimeSeries) {
+	tsMillis := TimeToMilliseconds(ts)
+
+	st := writev2.NewSymbolTable()
+	lb := labels.NewScratchBuilder(0)
+	lb.Add("__name__", name)
+	for _, lbl := range additionalLabels {
+		lb.Add(lbl.Name, lbl.Value)
+	}
+
+	var (
+		h  *histogram.Histogram
+		fh *histogram.FloatHistogram
+		ph writev2.Histogram
+	)
+	if floatHistogram {
+		fh = tsdbutil.GenerateTestFloatHistogram(int64(i))
+		ph = writev2.FromFloatHistogram(tsMillis, fh)
+	} else {
+		h = tsdbutil.GenerateTestHistogram(int64(i))
+		ph = writev2.FromIntHistogram(tsMillis, h)
+	}
+
+	// Generate the series
+	series = append(series, writev2.TimeSeries{
+		LabelsRefs: st.SymbolizeLabels(lb.Labels(), nil),
+		Histograms: []writev2.Histogram{ph},
+	})
+
+	symbols = st.Symbols()
+
+	return
+}
+
+func GenerateSeriesV2(name string, ts time.Time, additionalLabels ...prompb.Label) (symbols []string, series []writev2.TimeSeries, vector model.Vector) {
+	tsMillis := TimeToMilliseconds(ts)
+	value := rand.Float64()
+
+	st := writev2.NewSymbolTable()
+	lb := labels.NewScratchBuilder(0)
+	lb.Add("__name__", name)
+
+	for _, label := range additionalLabels {
+		lb.Add(label.Name, label.Value)
+	}
+	series = append(series, writev2.TimeSeries{
+		// Generate the series
+		LabelsRefs: st.SymbolizeLabels(lb.Labels(), nil),
+		Samples: []writev2.Sample{
+			{Value: value, Timestamp: tsMillis},
+		},
+		Metadata: writev2.Metadata{
+			Type: writev2.Metadata_METRIC_TYPE_GAUGE,
+		},
+	})
+	symbols = st.Symbols()
+
+	// Generate the expected vector when querying it
+	metric := model.Metric{}
+	metric[labels.MetricName] = model.LabelValue(name)
+	for _, lbl := range additionalLabels {
+		metric[model.LabelName(lbl.Name)] = model.LabelValue(lbl.Value)
+	}
+
+	vector = append(vector, &model.Sample{
+		Metric:    metric,
+		Value:     model.SampleValue(value),
+		Timestamp: model.Time(tsMillis),
+	})
+
+	return
+}
+
+func GenerateV2SeriesWithSamples(
+	name string,
+	startTime time.Time,
+	scrapeInterval time.Duration,
+	startValue int,
+	numSamples int,
+	additionalLabels ...prompb.Label,
+) (symbols []string, series writev2.TimeSeries) {
+	tsMillis := TimeToMilliseconds(startTime)
+	durMillis := scrapeInterval.Milliseconds()
+
+	st := writev2.NewSymbolTable()
+	lb := labels.NewScratchBuilder(0)
+	lb.Add("__name__", name)
+
+	for _, label := range additionalLabels {
+		lb.Add(label.Name, label.Value)
+	}
+
+	startTMillis := tsMillis
+	samples := make([]writev2.Sample, numSamples)
+	for i := 0; i < numSamples; i++ {
+		scrapeJitter := rand.Int63n(10) + 1 // add a jitter to simulate real-world scenarios, refer to: https://github.com/prometheus/prometheus/issues/13213
+		samples[i] = writev2.Sample{
+			Timestamp: startTMillis + scrapeJitter,
+			Value:     float64(i + startValue),
+		}
+		startTMillis += durMillis
+	}
+
+	series = writev2.TimeSeries{
+		LabelsRefs: st.SymbolizeLabels(lb.Labels(), nil),
+		Samples:    samples,
+		Metadata: writev2.Metadata{
+			Type: writev2.Metadata_METRIC_TYPE_GAUGE,
+		},
+	}
+
+	return st.Symbols(), series
+}
diff --git a/integration/e2ecortex/client.go b/integration/e2ecortex/client.go
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/model/labels"
 	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/model/rulefmt"
 	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/prompb"
+	writev2 "github.com/prometheus/prometheus/prompb/io/prometheus/write/v2"
 	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/storage"
 	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/storage/remote"
 	yaml "gopkg.in/yaml.v3"
@@ -147,6 +148,39 @@ func (c *Client) Push(timeseries []prompb.TimeSeries, metadata ...prompb.MetricM
 	return res, nil
 }
 
+// PushV2 the input timeseries to the remote endpoint
+func (c *Client) PushV2(symbols []string, timeseries []writev2.TimeSeries) (*http.Response, error) {
+	// Create write request
+	data, err := proto.Marshal(&writev2.Request{Symbols: symbols, Timeseries: timeseries})
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	// Create HTTP request
+	compressed := snappy.Encode(nil, data)
+	req, err := http.NewRequest("POST", fmt.Sprintf("http://%s/api/prom/push", c.distributorAddress), bytes.NewReader(compressed))
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	req.Header.Add("Content-Encoding", "snappy")
+	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/x-protobuf;proto=io.prometheus.write.v2.Request")
+	req.Header.Set("X-Prometheus-Remote-Write-Version", "2.0.0")
+	req.Header.Set("X-Scope-OrgID", c.orgID)
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), c.timeout)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	// Execute HTTP request
+	res, err := c.httpClient.Do(req.WithContext(ctx))
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	defer res.Body.Close()
+	return res, nil
+}
+
 func getNameAndAttributes(ts prompb.TimeSeries) (string, map[string]any) {
 	var metricName string
 	attributes := make(map[string]any)