std::transform - cppreference.com
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      std::transform

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      C++
       
      Biblioteca algoritmo
      Funções
      Original:
      Functions
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      Não modificar operações de seqüência
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      Non-modifying sequence operations
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      Modificando operações de seqüência
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      Modifying sequence operations
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      Particionamento operações
      Original:
      Partitioning operations
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      Operações de classificação (em intervalos ordenados)
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      Sorting operations (on sorted ranges)
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      Binários operações de busca (em intervalos ordenados)
      Original:
      Binary search operations (on sorted ranges)
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      Definir operações (em intervalos ordenados)
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      Set operations (on sorted ranges)
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      Operações de pilha
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      Heap operations
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      Mínimo / máximo de operações
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      Minimum/maximum operations
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      Operações numéricas
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      Numeric operations
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      C biblioteca
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      C library
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      Definido no cabeçalho <algorithm>
      template< class InputIt, class OutputIt, class UnaryOperation > OutputIt transform( InputIt first1, InputIt last1, OutputIt d_first, UnaryOperation unary_op );
      		 (1)
      template< class InputIt1, class InputIt2, class OutputIt, class BinaryOperation > OutputIt transform( InputIt1 first1, InputIt1 last1, InputIt2 first2, OutputIt d_first, BinaryOperation binary_op );
      		 (2)
      std::transform aplica a função dada a uma ampla e armazena o resultado em outro intervalo, com início às d_first.
      Original:
      std::transform applies the given function to a range and stores the result in another range, beginning at d_first.
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      Na primeira versão unary_op operação unária é aplicado ao intervalo definido por [first1, last1). Na segunda versão da binary_op operação de binário é aplicado a pares de elementos de duas cadeias: uma definida por [first1, last1) eo início de outro first2.
      Original:
      In the first version unary operation unary_op is applied to the range defined by [first1, last1). In the second version the binary operation binary_op is applied to pairs of elements from two ranges: one defined by [first1, last1) and the other beginning at first2.
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      Parâmetros

      first1, last1 -
      a primeira gama de elementos para transformar
      Original:
      the first range of elements to transform
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      first2 -
      o início da segunda gama de elementos de transformar
      Original:
      the beginning of the second range of elements to transform
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      d_first -
      o início do intervalo de destino, pode ser igual ou first1 first2
      Original:
      the beginning of the destination range, may be equal to first1 or first2
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      unary_op - unary operation function object that will be applied.

      The signature of the function should be equivalent to the following:

      Ret fun(const Type &a);

      The signature does not need to have const &.
      The type Type must be such that an object of type InputIt can be dereferenced and then implicitly converted to Type. The type Ret must be such that an object of type OutputIt can be dereferenced and assigned a value of type Ret. ​

      binary_op - binary operation function object that will be applied.

      The signature of the function should be equivalent to the following:

      Ret fun(const Type1 &a, const Type2 &b);

      The signature does not need to have const &.
      The types Type1 and Type2 must be such that objects of types InputIt1 and InputIt2 can be dereferenced and then implicitly converted to Type1 and Type2 respectively. The type Ret must be such that an object of type OutputIt can be dereferenced and assigned a value of type Ret. ​

      Type requirements
      -
      InputIt must meet the requirements of InputIterator.
      -
      InputIt1 must meet the requirements of InputIterator.
      -
      InputIt2 must meet the requirements of InputIterator.
      -
      OutputIt must meet the requirements of OutputIterator.

      Valor de retorno

      iterator saída para o elemento passado o último elemento transformado.
      Original:
      output iterator to the element past the last element transformed.
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      Complexidade

      1)

      exactamente std::distance(first1, last1) aplicações de unary_op
      Original:
      exactly std::distance(first1, last1) applications of unary_op
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      2)

      exactamente std::distance(first1, last1) aplicações de binary_op
      Original:
      exactly std::distance(first1, last1) applications of binary_op
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      Requisitos

      unary_op e binary_op não têm efeitos colaterais. (até C++11)
      Original:
      unary_op and binary_op have no side effects. (até C++11)
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      unary_op e binary_op não invalidam qualquer iteradores, incluindo os iteradores finais, ou modificar quaisquer elementos das cadeias envolvidas. (desde C++11)
      Original:
      unary_op and binary_op do not invalidate any iterators, including the end iterators, or modify any elements of the ranges involved. (desde C++11)
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      A intenção destes requisitos é permitir que implementações paralelas ou fora-de-ordem de std::transform. Para aplicar uma função a uma seqüência em ordem, usar std::for_each.
      Original:
      The intent of these requirements is to allow parallel or out-of-order implementations of std::transform. To apply a function to a sequence in-order, use std::for_each.
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      Possível implementação

      First version 
      template<class InputIt, class OutputIt, class UnaryOperation>
OutputIt transform(InputIt first1, InputIt last1, OutputIt d_first, 
                   UnaryOperation unary_op)
{
    while (first1 != last1) {
        *d_first++ = unary_op(*first1++);
    }
    return d_first;
}
      Second version 
      template<class InputIt1, class InputIt2, 
         class OutputIt, class BinaryOperation>
OutputIt transform(InputIt first1, InputIt last1, InputIt first2, 
                   OutputIt d_first, BinaryOperation binary_op)
{
    while (first1 != last1) {
        *d_first++ = binary_op(*first1++, *first2++);
    }
    return d_first;
}

      Exemplo

      O código a seguir usa transformar para converter uma string para letras maiúsculas usando a função toupper:
      Original:
      The following code uses transform to convert a string to uppercase using the toupper function:
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      #include <string>
#include <cctype>
#include <algorithm>
#include <iostream>
 
int main()
{
    std::string s("hello");
    std::transform(s.begin(), s.end(), s.begin(), (int (*)(int))std::toupper);
    std::cout << s;
 }

      Saída: 

      HELLO

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