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# Strings in Python

# Strings are immutable sequences of Unicode code points

# String can be created using single quotes or double quotes

print("Hello 1")

print('Hello 2')

# String can be created using triple quotes

print('''Hello 3''')

a = '''Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet,

consectetur adipiscing elit,

sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt

ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.'''

print(a)

# Index of a string

a = "Hello, World!"

print(a[0]) # H

print(a[1]) # e

# Length of a string

a = "Hello, World!"

print(len(a)) # 13

# String slicing

a = "Hello, World!"

print(a[2:5]) # llo

# Substring check

a = "Hello, World!"

print("ell" in a) # True

# String concatenation

a = "Hello"

b = "World"

c = a + ' '+ b # Hello World

# String formatting using a person into

name = 'Usama'

txt = "{} is a Software Engineer. {} has 3 years of experience in Python."

print(txt.format(name)) # Usama is a Software Engineer. Usama has 3 years of experience in Python.

# Escape characters

txt = "We are the so-called \"Vikings\" from the north."

print(txt) # We are the so-called "Vikings" from the north.

# String methods

a = "Hello, World!"

print(a.upper()) # HELLO, WORLD!

print(a.lower()) # hello, world!

print(a.strip()) # Hello, World! (removes any whitespace from the beginning or the end)

print(a.replace("H", "J")) # Jello, World!

print(a.split(",")) # ['Hello', ' World!']