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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
  <meta charset="UTF-8" />
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"/>
  <title>Python Chapter 2 - Variables & Data Types</title>
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      color: white;
      text-align: center;
      padding: 20px 0;
    .section {
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      box-shadow: 0 5px 15px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);
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      line-height: 1.6;
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  <h1>Chapter 2: Variables & Data Types in Python</h1>
  <p>Variables banana, data types samajhna, aur input-output karna – sab kuch with rules aur examples!</p>
<div class="section">
  <h2>1. Variables in Python</h2>
  <p>Variable ek container jaisa hota hai jisme hum koi value store karte hain.</p>
  <h3>Rules of Writing Variables:</h3>
    <li>Variable ka naam letter ya underscore (_) se start hona chahiye</li>
    <li>Kabhi bhi number se start mat karo (❌ 2name = "abc")</li>
    <li>No special characters allowed (❌ name$ = "abc")</li>
    <li>Spaces nahi aani chahiye (❌ my name = "abc")</li>
    <li>Python ke keywords (if, else, class) ka use variable naam ke liye mat karo</li>
  <h3>✅ Right Way:</h3>
  <div class="code-block">
    name = "Amit"<br>
    age = 25
  <h3>❌ Wrong Way:</h3>
  <div class="code-block wrong">
    2name = "Amit"   # ❌ Invalid: number se start nahi ho sakta<br>
    my name = "Amit" # ❌ Invalid: spaces not allowed<br>
    class = "ABC"    # ❌ Invalid: 'class' is a keyword
  <h3>Output:</h3>
  <div class="output-block">
    Amit<br>
<div class="section">
  <h2>2. Input from User</h2>
  <p><code>input()</code> function user se data lene ke liye use hota hai. By default yeh string deta hai.</p>
  <div class="code-block">
    name = input("Enter your name: ")<br>
    print("Welcome", name)
  <div class="output-block">
    Enter your name: Ravi<br>
    Welcome Ravi
  <h3>Common Mistake:</h3>
  <div class="code-block wrong">
    age = input("Enter age: ")<br>
    print(age + 5)  # ❌ Error: string + int not allowed
  <h3>Correct Way:</h3>
  <div class="code-block">
    age = int(input("Enter age: "))<br>
    print(age + 5)
  <div class="output-block">
    Enter age: 20<br>
<div class="section">
  <h2>3. Data Types in Python</h2>
    <li><b>int:</b> Integer values jaise 1, 100, -5</li>
    <li><b>float:</b> Decimal values jaise 3.14, -0.5</li>
    <li><b>str:</b> Text ya characters, like "Hello"</li>
    <li><b>bool:</b> True ya False (boolean)</li>
    <li><b>complex:</b> Complex numbers like 2 + 3j</li>
  <div class="code-block">
    a = 5<br>
    b = 3.14<br>
    c = "Hi"<br>
    d = True<br>
    e = 4 + 2j<br>
    print(type(a), type(b), type(c), type(d), type(e))
  <div class="output-block">
    &lt;class 'int'&gt; &lt;class 'float'&gt; &lt;class 'str'&gt; &lt;class 'bool'&gt; &lt;class 'complex'&gt;
<div class="section">
  <h2>4. Type Casting</h2>
  <p>Type casting matlab ek data type ko dusre me badalna.</p>
  <h3>✅ Right Example:</h3>
  <div class="code-block">
    num = "10"<br>
    num = int(num)<br>
    print(num + 5)
  <div class="output-block">15</div>
  <h3>❌ Wrong Example:</h3>
  <div class="code-block wrong">
    num = "ten"<br>
    num = int(num)  # ❌ Error: 'ten' string ko int me convert nahi kar sakte
<div class="section">
  <h2>5. print() Function</h2>
  <p><code>print()</code> ka use output dikhane ke liye hota hai. Kuch bhi show karna ho screen pe, print ka use hota hai.</p>
  <div class="code-block">
    print("Learning Python is fun!")
  <div class="output-block">Learning Python is fun!</div>
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