"""Multi-class Logistic Regression Class

def __init__(self, input, n_in, n_out):

""" Initialize the parameters of the logistic regression

# start-snippet-1

# initialize with 0 the weights W as a matrix of shape (n_in, n_out)

self.W = theano.shared(

value=numpy.zeros(

(n_in, n_out),

dtype=theano.config.floatX

),

name='W',

borrow=True

)

# initialize the biases b as a vector of n_out 0s

self.b = theano.shared(

value=numpy.zeros(

(n_out,),

dtype=theano.config.floatX

),

name='b',

borrow=True

)

# symbolic expression for computing the matrix of class-membership

# probabilities

# Where:

# W is a matrix where column-k represent the separation hyperplane for

# class-k

# x is a matrix where row-j represents input training sample-j

# b is a vector where element-k represent the free parameter of

# hyperplane-k

self.p_y_given_x = T.nnet.softmax(T.dot(input, self.W) + self.b)

# symbolic description of how to compute prediction as class whose

# probability is maximal

self.y_pred = T.argmax(self.p_y_given_x, axis=1)

# end-snippet-1

# parameters of the model

self.params = [self.W, self.b]

# keep track of model input

self.input = input

def negative_log_likelihood(self, y):

"""Return the mean of the negative log-likelihood of the prediction

# start-snippet-2

# y.shape[0] is (symbolically) the number of rows in y, i.e.,

# number of examples (call it n) in the minibatch

# T.arange(y.shape[0]) is a symbolic vector which will contain

# [0,1,2,... n-1] T.log(self.p_y_given_x) is a matrix of

# Log-Probabilities (call it LP) with one row per example and

# one column per class LP[T.arange(y.shape[0]),y] is a vector

# v containing [LP[0,y[0]], LP[1,y[1]], LP[2,y[2]], ...,

# LP[n-1,y[n-1]]] and T.mean(LP[T.arange(y.shape[0]),y]) is

# the mean (across minibatch examples) of the elements in v,

# i.e., the mean log-likelihood across the minibatch.

return -T.mean(T.log(self.p_y_given_x)[T.arange(y.shape[0]), y])

# end-snippet-2

def errors(self, y):

"""Return a float representing the number of errors in the minibatch

# check if y has same dimension of y_pred

if y.ndim != self.y_pred.ndim:

raise TypeError(

'y should have the same shape as self.y_pred',

('y', y.type, 'y_pred', self.y_pred.type)

)

# check if y is of the correct datatype

if y.dtype.startswith('int'):

# the T.neq operator returns a vector of 0s and 1s, where 1

# represents a mistake in prediction

return T.mean(T.neq(self.y_pred, y))

else:

''' Loads the dataset

#############

# LOAD DATA #

#############

# Download the MNIST dataset if it is not present

data_dir, data_file = os.path.split(dataset)

if data_dir == "" and not os.path.isfile(dataset):

# Check if dataset is in the data directory.

new_path = os.path.join(

os.path.split(__file__)[0],

"..",

"data",

dataset

)

if os.path.isfile(new_path) or data_file == 'mnist.pkl.gz':

dataset = new_path

if (not os.path.isfile(dataset)) and data_file == 'mnist.pkl.gz':

from six.moves import urllib

origin = (

'http://www.iro.umontreal.ca/~lisa/deep/data/mnist/mnist.pkl.gz'

)

print('Downloading data from %s' % origin)

urllib.request.urlretrieve(origin, dataset)

print('... loading data')

# Load the dataset

with gzip.open(dataset, 'rb') as f:

try:

train_set, valid_set, test_set = pickle.load(f, encoding='latin1')

except:

train_set, valid_set, test_set = pickle.load(f)

# train_set, valid_set, test_set format: tuple(input, target)

# input is a numpy.ndarray of 2 dimensions (a matrix)

# where each row corresponds to an example. target is a

# numpy.ndarray of 1 dimension (vector) that has the same length as

# the number of rows in the input. It should give the target

# to the example with the same index in the input.

def shared_dataset(data_xy, borrow=True):

""" Function that loads the dataset into shared variables

data_x, data_y = data_xy

shared_x = theano.shared(numpy.asarray(data_x,

dtype=theano.config.floatX),

borrow=borrow)

shared_y = theano.shared(numpy.asarray(data_y,

dtype=theano.config.floatX),

borrow=borrow)

# When storing data on the GPU it has to be stored as floats

# therefore we will store the labels as ``floatX`` as well

# (``shared_y`` does exactly that). But during our computations

# we need them as ints (we use labels as index, and if they are

# floats it doesn't make sense) therefore instead of returning

# ``shared_y`` we will have to cast it to int. This little hack

# lets ous get around this issue

return shared_x, T.cast(shared_y, 'int32')

test_set_x, test_set_y = shared_dataset(test_set)

valid_set_x, valid_set_y = shared_dataset(valid_set)

train_set_x, train_set_y = shared_dataset(train_set)

rval = [(train_set_x, train_set_y), (valid_set_x, valid_set_y),

(test_set_x, test_set_y)]

dataset='mnist.pkl.gz',

batch_size=600):

"""

datasets = load_data(dataset)

train_set_x, train_set_y = datasets[0]

valid_set_x, valid_set_y = datasets[1]

test_set_x, test_set_y = datasets[2]

# compute number of minibatches for training, validation and testing

n_train_batches = train_set_x.get_value(borrow=True).shape[0] // batch_size

n_valid_batches = valid_set_x.get_value(borrow=True).shape[0] // batch_size

n_test_batches = test_set_x.get_value(borrow=True).shape[0] // batch_size

######################

# BUILD ACTUAL MODEL #

######################

print('... building the model')

# allocate symbolic variables for the data

index = T.lscalar() # index to a [mini]batch

# generate symbolic variables for input (x and y represent a

# minibatch)

x = T.matrix('x') # data, presented as rasterized images

y = T.ivector('y') # labels, presented as 1D vector of [int] labels

# construct the logistic regression class

# Each MNIST image has size 28*28

classifier = LogisticRegression(input=x, n_in=28 * 28, n_out=10)

# the cost we minimize during training is the negative log likelihood of

# the model in symbolic format

cost = classifier.negative_log_likelihood(y)

# compiling a Theano function that computes the mistakes that are made by

# the model on a minibatch

test_model = theano.function(

inputs=[index],

outputs=classifier.errors(y),

givens={

x: test_set_x[index * batch_size: (index + 1) * batch_size],

y: test_set_y[index * batch_size: (index + 1) * batch_size]

}

)

validate_model = theano.function(

inputs=[index],

outputs=classifier.errors(y),

givens={

x: valid_set_x[index * batch_size: (index + 1) * batch_size],

y: valid_set_y[index * batch_size: (index + 1) * batch_size]

}

)

# compute the gradient of cost with respect to theta = (W,b)

g_W = T.grad(cost=cost, wrt=classifier.W)

g_b = T.grad(cost=cost, wrt=classifier.b)

# start-snippet-3

# specify how to update the parameters of the model as a list of

# (variable, update expression) pairs.

updates = [(classifier.W, classifier.W - learning_rate * g_W),

(classifier.b, classifier.b - learning_rate * g_b)]

# compiling a Theano function `train_model` that returns the cost, but in

# the same time updates the parameter of the model based on the rules

# defined in `updates`

train_model = theano.function(

inputs=[index],

outputs=cost,

updates=updates,

givens={

x: train_set_x[index * batch_size: (index + 1) * batch_size],

y: train_set_y[index * batch_size: (index + 1) * batch_size]

}

)

# end-snippet-3

###############

# TRAIN MODEL #

###############

print('... training the model')

# early-stopping parameters

patience = 5000 # look as this many examples regardless

patience_increase = 2 # wait this much longer when a new best is

# found

improvement_threshold = 0.995 # a relative improvement of this much is

# considered significant

validation_frequency = min(n_train_batches, patience // 2)

# go through this many

# minibatche before checking the network

# on the validation set; in this case we

# check every epoch

best_validation_loss = numpy.inf

test_score = 0.

start_time = timeit.default_timer()

done_looping = False

epoch = 0

while (epoch < n_epochs) and (not done_looping):

epoch = epoch + 1

for minibatch_index in range(n_train_batches):

minibatch_avg_cost = train_model(minibatch_index)

# iteration number

iter = (epoch - 1) * n_train_batches + minibatch_index

if (iter + 1) % validation_frequency == 0:

# compute zero-one loss on validation set

validation_losses = [validate_model(i)

for i in range(n_valid_batches)]

this_validation_loss = numpy.mean(validation_losses)

print(

'epoch %i, minibatch %i/%i, validation error %f %%' %

(

epoch,

minibatch_index + 1,

n_train_batches,

this_validation_loss * 100.

)

)

# if we got the best validation score until now

if this_validation_loss < best_validation_loss:

#improve patience if loss improvement is good enough

if this_validation_loss < best_validation_loss * \

improvement_threshold:

patience = max(patience, iter * patience_increase)

best_validation_loss = this_validation_loss

# test it on the test set

test_losses = [test_model(i)

for i in range(n_test_batches)]

test_score = numpy.mean(test_losses)

print(

(

' epoch %i, minibatch %i/%i, test error of'

' best model %f %%'

) %

(

epoch,

minibatch_index + 1,

n_train_batches,

test_score * 100.

)

)

# save the best model

with open('best_model.pkl', 'wb') as f:

pickle.dump(classifier, f)

if patience <= iter:

done_looping = True

break

end_time = timeit.default_timer()

print(

(

'Optimization complete with best validation score of %f %%,'

'with test performance %f %%'

)

% (best_validation_loss * 100., test_score * 100.)

)

print('The code run for %d epochs, with %f epochs/sec' % (

epoch, 1. * epoch / (end_time - start_time)))

print(('The code for file ' +

os.path.split(__file__)[1] +

"""

# load the saved model

classifier = pickle.load(open('best_model.pkl'))

# compile a predictor function

predict_model = theano.function(

inputs=[classifier.input],

outputs=classifier.y_pred)

# We can test it on some examples from test test

dataset='mnist.pkl.gz'

datasets = load_data(dataset)

test_set_x, test_set_y = datasets[2]

test_set_x = test_set_x.get_value()

predicted_values = predict_model(test_set_x[:10])

print("Predicted values for the first 10 examples in test set:")