@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ const {
   kEmptyObject,
 } = require('internal/util');
 const {
+  isInt32,
   isUint32,
 } = require('internal/validators');
 const { CryptoKey } = require('internal/crypto/webcrypto');
@@ -504,6 +505,11 @@ converters.Pbkdf2Params = createDictionaryConverter(
         validator: (V, dict) => {
           if (V === 0)
             throw lazyDOMException('iterations cannot be zero', 'OperationError');
+          if (!isInt32(V)) {
+            throw lazyDOMException(
+              'iterations exceeds the implementation limit',
+              'NotSupportedError');
+          }
         },
         required: true,
       },
 
@@ -124,6 +124,9 @@ export const vectors = {
     [true,
      { name: 'PBKDF2', hash: 'SHA-256', salt: Buffer.alloc(0), iterations: 1 },
      { name: 'HMAC', hash: 'SHA-256' }],
+    [false,
+     { name: 'PBKDF2', hash: 'SHA-256', salt: Buffer.alloc(0), iterations: 2 ** 31 },
+     { name: 'AES-CBC', length: 128 }],
     [false,
      { name: 'PBKDF2', hash: 'SHA-256', salt: Buffer.alloc(0), iterations: 1 },
      'HKDF'],
@@ -183,6 +186,7 @@ export const vectors = {
     [true, { name: 'PBKDF2', hash: 'SHA-256', salt: Buffer.alloc(0), iterations: 1 }, 8],
     [true, { name: 'PBKDF2', hash: 'SHA-256', salt: Buffer.alloc(0), iterations: 1 }, 0],
     [false, { name: 'PBKDF2', hash: 'SHA-256', salt: Buffer.alloc(0), iterations: 0 }, 8],
+    [false, { name: 'PBKDF2', hash: 'SHA-256', salt: Buffer.alloc(0), iterations: 2 ** 31 }, 8],
     [false, { name: 'PBKDF2', hash: 'SHA-256', salt: Buffer.alloc(0), iterations: 1 }, null],
     [false, { name: 'PBKDF2', hash: 'SHA-256', salt: Buffer.alloc(0), iterations: 1 }, 7],
     [false, { name: 'PBKDF2', hash: 'Invalid', salt: Buffer.alloc(0), iterations: 1 }, 8],
 
@@ -101,6 +101,28 @@ const { subtle } = globalThis.crypto;
   tests.then(common.mustCall());
 }
 
+// Test PBKDF2 rejects iteration counts beyond the native signed int range
+{
+  async function test() {
+    const key = await subtle.importKey(
+      'raw',
+      new Uint8Array([1]),
+      'PBKDF2',
+      false,
+      ['deriveBits']);
+    await assert.rejects(
+      subtle.deriveBits({
+        name: 'PBKDF2',
+        hash: 'SHA-256',
+        salt: new Uint8Array([2]),
+        iterations: 2 ** 31,
+      }, key, 8),
+      { name: 'NotSupportedError' });
+  }
+
+  test().then(common.mustCall());
+}
+
 // Test X25519 and X448 bit derivation
 {
   async function test(name) {