Air-gapped Deployments

All Coder features are supported in air-gapped / behind firewalls / disconnected / offline. This is a general comparison. Keep reading for a full tutorial running Coder air-gapped with Kubernetes or Docker.

	Public deployments	Air-gapped deployments
Terraform binary	By default, Coder downloads Terraform binary from releases.hashicorp.com	Terraform binary must be included in PATH for the VM or container image. Supported versions
Terraform registry	Coder templates will attempt to download providers from registry.terraform.io or custom source addresses specified in each template	Custom source addresses can be specified in each Coder template, or a custom registry/mirror can be used. More details below
STUN	By default, Coder uses Google's public STUN server for direct workspace connections	STUN can be safely disabled users can still connect via relayed connections. Alternatively, you can set a custom DERP server
DERP	By default, Coder's built-in DERP relay can be used, or Tailscale's public relays.	By default, Coder's built-in DERP relay can be used, or custom relays.
PostgreSQL	If no PostgreSQL connection URL is specified, Coder will download Postgres from repo1.maven.org	An external database is required, you must specify a PostgreSQL connection URL
Telemetry	Telemetry is on by default, and can be disabled	Telemetry can be disabled
Update check	By default, Coder checks for updates from GitHub releases	Update checks can be disabled
License validation	License keys are validated locally using cryptographic signatures. No outbound connection to Coder is required	No changes needed. See offline license validation
AI Governance Usage Count	By default, deployments with the AI Governance Add On report usage data	Contact us to request a license with usage reporting off.

Air-gapped container images

The following instructions walk you through how to build a custom Coder server image for Docker or Kubernetes

First, build and push a container image extending our official image with the following:

• CLI config (.tfrc) for Terraform referring to external mirror
• Terraform Providers for templates
  • These could also be specified via a volume mount (Docker) or network mirror. See below for details.

Note

Coder includes the latest supported version of Terraform in the official Docker images. If you need to bundle a different version of terraform, you can do so by customizing the image.

Here's an example Dockerfile:

FROM ghcr.io/coder/coder:latest

USER root

RUN apk add curl unzip

# Create directory for the Terraform CLI (and assets)
RUN mkdir -p /opt/terraform

# Terraform is already included in the official Coder image.
# See ../../scripts/Dockerfile.base#L15
# If you need to install a different version of Terraform, you can do so here.
# The below step is optional if you wish to keep the existing version.
# See ../../provisioner/terraform/install.go#L23-L24
# for supported Terraform versions.
ARG TERRAFORM_VERSION=1.11.0
RUN apk update && \
    curl -LOs https://releases.hashicorp.com/terraform/${TERRAFORM_VERSION}/terraform_${TERRAFORM_VERSION}_linux_amd64.zip \
    && unzip -o terraform_${TERRAFORM_VERSION}_linux_amd64.zip \
    && mv terraform /opt/terraform \
    && rm terraform_${TERRAFORM_VERSION}_linux_amd64.zip
ENV PATH=/opt/terraform:${PATH}

# Additionally, a Terraform mirror needs to be configured
# to download the Terraform providers used in Coder templates.
# There are two options:

# Option 1) Use a filesystem mirror.
#  We can seed this at build-time or by mounting a volume to
#  /opt/terraform/plugins in the container.
#  https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/cli/config/config-file#filesystem_mirror
#  Be sure to add all the providers you use in your templates to /opt/terraform/plugins

RUN mkdir -p /home/coder/.terraform.d/plugins/registry.terraform.io
ADD filesystem-mirror-example.tfrc /home/coder/.terraformrc

# Optionally, we can "seed" the filesystem mirror with common providers.
# Comment out lines 40-49 if you plan on only using a volume or network mirror:
WORKDIR /home/coder/.terraform.d/plugins/registry.terraform.io
ARG CODER_PROVIDER_VERSION=2.2.0
RUN echo "Adding coder/coder v${CODER_PROVIDER_VERSION}" \
    && mkdir -p coder/coder && cd coder/coder \
    && curl -LOs https://github.com/coder/terraform-provider-coder/releases/download/v${CODER_PROVIDER_VERSION}/terraform-provider-coder_${CODER_PROVIDER_VERSION}_linux_amd64.zip
ARG DOCKER_PROVIDER_VERSION=3.0.2
RUN echo "Adding kreuzwerker/docker v${DOCKER_PROVIDER_VERSION}" \
    && mkdir -p kreuzwerker/docker && cd kreuzwerker/docker \
    && curl -LOs https://github.com/kreuzwerker/terraform-provider-docker/releases/download/v${DOCKER_PROVIDER_VERSION}/terraform-provider-docker_${DOCKER_PROVIDER_VERSION}_linux_amd64.zip
ARG KUBERNETES_PROVIDER_VERSION=2.36.0
RUN echo "Adding kubernetes/kubernetes v${KUBERNETES_PROVIDER_VERSION}" \
    && mkdir -p hashicorp/kubernetes && cd hashicorp/kubernetes \
    && curl -LOs https://releases.hashicorp.com/terraform-provider-kubernetes/${KUBERNETES_PROVIDER_VERSION}/terraform-provider-kubernetes_${KUBERNETES_PROVIDER_VERSION}_linux_amd64.zip
ARG AWS_PROVIDER_VERSION=5.89.0
RUN echo "Adding aws/aws v${AWS_PROVIDER_VERSION}" \
    && mkdir -p aws/aws && cd aws/aws \
    && curl -LOs https://releases.hashicorp.com/terraform-provider-aws/${AWS_PROVIDER_VERSION}/terraform-provider-aws_${AWS_PROVIDER_VERSION}_linux_amd64.zip

RUN chown -R coder:coder /home/coder/.terraform*
WORKDIR /home/coder

# Option 2) Use a network mirror.
#  https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/cli/config/config-file#network_mirror
#  Be sure uncomment line 60 and edit network-mirror-example.tfrc to
#  specify the HTTPS base URL of your mirror.

# ADD network-mirror-example.tfrc /home/coder/.terraformrc

USER coder

# Use the .terraformrc file to inform Terraform of the locally installed providers.
ENV TF_CLI_CONFIG_FILE=/home/coder/.terraformrc

Note

If you are bundling Terraform providers into your Coder image, be sure the provider version matches any templates or example templates you intend to use.

# filesystem-mirror-example.tfrc
provider_installation {
  filesystem_mirror {
    path = "/home/coder/.terraform.d/plugins"
  }
}

# network-mirror-example.tfrc
provider_installation {
  network_mirror {
    url = "https://terraform.example.com/providers/"
  }
}

Docker

Follow our docker-compose documentation and modify the docker-compose file to specify your custom Coder image. Additionally, you can add a volume mount to add providers to the filesystem mirror without re-building the image.

First, create an empty plugins directory:

mkdir $HOME/plugins

Next, add a volume mount to compose.yaml:

vim compose.yaml

# compose.yaml
services:
  coder:
    image: registry.example.com/coder:latest
    volumes:
      - ./plugins:/opt/terraform/plugins
    # ...
  environment:
    CODER_TELEMETRY_ENABLE: "false" # Disable telemetry
    CODER_BLOCK_DIRECT: "true" # force SSH traffic through control plane's DERP proxy
    CODER_DERP_SERVER_STUN_ADDRESSES: "disable" # Only use relayed connections
    CODER_UPDATE_CHECK: "false" # Disable automatic update checks
  database:
    image: registry.example.com/postgres:17
    # ...

The terraform providers mirror command can be used to download the required plugins for a Coder template. This can be uploaded into the plugins directory on your offline server.

Kubernetes

We publish the Helm chart for download on GitHub Releases. Follow our Kubernetes documentation and modify the Helm values to specify your custom Coder image.

# values.yaml
coder:
  image:
    repo: "registry.example.com/coder"
    tag: "latest"
  env:
    # Disable telemetry
    - name: "CODER_TELEMETRY_ENABLE"
      value: "false"
    # Disable automatic update checks
    - name: "CODER_UPDATE_CHECK"
      value: "false"
    # force SSH traffic through control plane's DERP proxy
    - name: CODER_BLOCK_DIRECT
      value: "true"
    # Only use relayed connections
    - name: "CODER_DERP_SERVER_STUN_ADDRESSES"
      value: "disable"
    # You must set up an external PostgreSQL database
    - name: "CODER_PG_CONNECTION_URL"
      value: ""
# ...

Air-gapped docs

Coder also provides air-gapped documentation in case you want to host it on your own server. The docs are exported as static files that you can host on any web server, as demonstrated in the example below:

1. Go to the release page. In this case, we want to use the latest version.
2. Download the documentation files from the "Assets" section. It is named as coder_docs_<version>.tgz.
3. Extract the file and move its contents to your server folder.
4. If you are using NodeJS, you can execute the following command: cd docs && npx http-server .
5. Set the CODER_DOCS_URL environment variable to use the URL of your hosted docs. This way, the Coder UI will reference the documentation from your specified URL.

With these steps, you'll have the Coder documentation hosted on your server and accessible for your team to use.

Coder Modules

To use Coder modules in offline installations, you can either:

• Mirror the Coder Registry with JFrog Artifactory (recommended)
• Manually publish modules to Artifactory or use a private git repository

Firewall exceptions

In restricted internet networks, Coder may require connection to internet. Ensure that the following web addresses are accessible from the machine where Coder is installed.

• code-server.dev (install via AUR)
• open-vsx.org (optional if someone would use code-server)
• registry.terraform.io (to create and push template)
• v2-licensor.coder.com (developing Coder in Coder)

JetBrains IDEs

Gateway, JetBrains' remote development product that works with Coder, has documented offline deployment steps.

Microsoft VS Code Remote - SSH

Installation of the Visual Studio Code Remote - SSH extension (for connecting a local VS Code to a remote Coder workspace) requires that your local machine has outbound HTTPS (port 443) connectivity to:

• update.code.visualstudio.com
• vscode.blob.core.windows.net
• *.vo.msecnd.net

Next steps

• Create your first template
• Control plane configuration