1. + (Addition Operator)
Kya karta hai: Do numbers ya strings ko jodta hai.
Rule: dono values same type ki honi chahiye (int + int, str + str)
# Example 1: Adding two numbers
a = 10
b = 5
print(a + b)
15
# Example 2: Adding strings (concatenation)
name = "Hello "
surname = "World"
print(name + surname)
Hello World
# Wrong Example: Mixing types
a = 5
b = "hello"
print(a + b) # ❌ Error: unsupported operand type(s)
2. - (Subtraction Operator)
Kya karta hai: Ek value ko doosri se ghatata hai (number only).
Rule: strings ya non-numeric types par subtraction allowed nahi hai.
a = 20
b = 7
print(a - b)
13
print("hello" - "h") # ❌ Error: unsupported operand types
3. * (Multiplication Operator)
Kya karta hai: Do numbers ko multiply karta hai ya string ko repeat karta hai.
# Multiplying numbers
print(4 * 3)
12
# String repetition
print("Hi " * 3)
Hi Hi Hi
4. / (Division Operator)
Kya karta hai: Do numbers ko divide karta hai (result always float).
print(10 / 2)
5.0
print(10 / 0) # ❌ Error: ZeroDivisionError
Rule: 0 se kabhi divide mat karo – program crash karega.
5. % (Modulus Operator)
Kya karta hai: Remainder return karta hai (sheshfal).
print(10 % 3)
1
6. ** (Exponentiation)
Kya karta hai: Power calculate karta hai (x ki power y).
print(2 ** 3) # 2 × 2 × 2
8
7. // (Floor Division)
Kya karta hai: Divide karta hai aur result ka sirf integer part return karta hai (floor value).
print(10 // 3)
3
Note: Useful jab decimal ignore karna ho.
1. = (Simple Assignment)
Kya karta hai: Variable ko value assign karta hai.
Rule: Variable ko ek value dena.
a = 5 # Assigning value 5 to variable 'a'
print(a)
5
# Wrong Example:
5 = a # ❌ Error: SyntaxError (left side must be a variable)
2. += (Add and Assign)
Kya karta hai: Existing value me given number add karke, usi variable ko assign karta hai.
a = 10
a += 5 # a = a + 5
print(a)
15
# Wrong Example:
a = 5
a += "hello" # ❌ Error: unsupported operand type(s)
3. -= (Subtract and Assign)
Kya karta hai: Existing value me given number subtract karke, usi variable ko assign karta hai.
a = 10
a -= 3 # a = a - 3
print(a)
7
# Wrong Example:
a = 5
a -= "world" # ❌ Error: unsupported operand type(s)
4. *= (Multiply and Assign)
Kya karta hai: Existing value ko given number se multiply karke, usi variable ko assign karta hai.
a = 4
a *= 3 # a = a * 3
print(a)
12
# Wrong Example:
a = "hello"
a *= 3 # okay, string ko repeat karega
print(a)
hellohellohello
5. /= (Divide and Assign)
Kya karta hai: Existing value ko given number se divide karke, usi variable ko assign karta hai.
a = 12
a /= 3 # a = a / 3
print(a)
4.0
# Wrong Example:
a = 0
a /= 0 # ❌ Error: ZeroDivisionError
6. %= (Modulus and Assign)
Kya karta hai: Existing value ka modulus leke, usi variable ko assign karta hai.
a = 15
a %= 4 # a = a % 4
print(a)
3
7. **= (Exponentiation and Assign)
Kya karta hai: Existing value ko given number ke power se raise karke, usi variable ko assign karta hai.
a = 2
a **= 3 # a = a ** 3
print(a)
8
8. //= (Floor Division and Assign)
Kya karta hai: Existing value ko floor division karke, usi variable ko assign karta hai.
a = 10
a //= 3 # a = a // 3
print(a)
3
1. == (Equal to)
Kya karta hai: Check karta hai ki dono values barabar hain ya nahi.
Rule: dono values same honi chahiye, tabhi return True hoga.
a = 5
b = 5
print(a == b) # True
True
a = 5
b = 10
print(a == b) # False
False
2. != (Not Equal to)
Kya karta hai: Check karta hai ki dono values barabar nahi hain.
a = 5
b = 10
print(a != b) # True
True
a = 5
b = 5
print(a != b) # False
False
3. > (Greater than)
Kya karta hai: Check karta hai ki left value greater hai ya nahi.
a = 10
b = 5
print(a > b) # True
True
a = 5
b = 10
print(a > b) # False
False
4. < (Less than)
Kya karta hai: Check karta hai ki left value less hai ya nahi.
a = 3
b = 5
print(a < b) # True
True
a = 10
b = 5
print(a < b) # False
False
5. >= (Greater than or Equal to)
Kya karta hai: Check karta hai ki left value greater ya equal hai ya nahi.
a = 5
b = 5
print(a >= b) # True
True
a = 3
b = 5
print(a >= b) # False
False
6. <= (Less than or Equal to)
Kya karta hai: Check karta hai ki left value less ya equal hai ya nahi.
a = 5
b = 10
print(a <= b) # True
True
a = 10
b = 5
print(a <= b) # False
False
1. and
Kya karta hai: Dono conditions True hone par hi result True hota hai.
Rule: Dono conditions ko True hona zaroori hai.
a = 5
b = 10
print(a > 3 and b < 15) # True
True
a = 5
b = 10
print(a > 6 and b < 15) # False
False
2. or
Kya karta hai: Agar kisi ek condition ka result True ho to result True hota hai.
Rule: Agar ek condition True ho, to result True hoga.
a = 5
b = 10
print(a > 6 or b < 15) # True
True
a = 5
b = 10
print(a > 6 or b > 15) # False
False
3. not
Kya karta hai: Condition ko invert karta hai. Agar condition True hai to False return karega, aur agar False hai to True.
Rule: Condition ko reverse ya negate karta hai.
a = 5
print(not a > 10) # True
True
a = 5
print(not a > 3) # False
False
1. & (Bitwise AND)
Kya karta hai: Dono numbers ke corresponding bits ko AND karta hai. Agar dono bits 1 hain, tab result 1 hoga.
Rule: Bits ko AND kiya jata hai. Agar dono bits 1 hain, result 1 hota hai.
# Bitwise AND example
a = 5 # 0101 in binary
b = 3 # 0011 in binary
result = a & b
print(result) # 1 (0001 in binary)
1
# Bitwise AND example
a = 5
b = 7
result = a & b
print(result) # 5 (0101 in binary)
5
2. | (Bitwise OR)
Kya karta hai: Dono numbers ke corresponding bits ko OR karta hai. Agar koi bhi bit 1 ho, result 1 hoga.
Rule: Bits ko OR kiya jata hai. Agar koi bhi bit 1 ho, result 1 hota hai.
# Bitwise OR example
a = 5 # 0101 in binary
b = 3 # 0011 in binary
result = a | b
print(result) # 7 (0111 in binary)
7
# Bitwise OR example
a = 4
b = 7
result = a | b
print(result) # 7 (0111 in binary)
7
3. ^ (Bitwise XOR)
Kya karta hai: Dono numbers ke corresponding bits ko XOR karta hai. Agar dono bits alag hain, tab result 1 hota hai.
Rule: Agar dono bits alag hain, result 1 hota hai.
# Bitwise XOR example
a = 5 # 0101 in binary
b = 3 # 0011 in binary
result = a ^ b
print(result) # 6 (0110 in binary)
6
# Bitwise XOR example
a = 4
b = 7
result = a ^ b
print(result) # 3 (0011 in binary)
3
4. ~ (Bitwise NOT)
Kya karta hai: Ek number ke bits ko invert karta hai. Matlab 1 ko 0 banata hai aur 0 ko 1.
Rule: Number ke bits ko invert karta hai.
# Bitwise NOT example
a = 5 # 0101 in binary
result = ~a
print(result) # -6 (1111...1010 in binary)
-6
# Bitwise NOT example
a = 3
result = ~a
print(result) # -4 (1111...1100 in binary)
-4
1. in
Kya karta hai: Yeh check karta hai ki ek element kisi sequence (list, string, tuple) mein hai ya nahi.
Rule: Sequence ke andar element ka hona zaroori hai.
# Membership 'in' operator example
a = [1, 2, 3, 4]
result = 3 in a
print(result) # True
True
# Membership 'in' operator example
a = [1, 2, 3, 4]
result = 5 in a
print(result) # False
False
2. not in
Kya karta hai: Yeh check karta hai ki ek element kisi sequence mein nahi hai.
Rule: Agar element sequence mein nahi hai, to result True hoga.
# Membership 'not in' operator example
a = [1, 2, 3, 4]
result = 5 not in a
print(result) # True
True
# Membership 'not in' operator example
a = [1, 2, 3, 4]
result = 3 not in a
print(result) # False
False
1. is
Kya karta hai: Yeh check karta hai ki do variables ek hi object ko refer kar rahe hain ya nahi.
Rule: Agar dono variables ek hi memory address (object) ko point kar rahe hain, to result True hota hai.
# Identity 'is' operator example
a = [1, 2, 3]
b = a
result = a is b
print(result) # True
True
# Identity 'is' operator example
a = [1, 2, 3]
b = [1, 2, 3]
result = a is b
print(result) # False
False
2. is not
Kya karta hai: Yeh check karta hai ki do variables ek hi object ko refer nahi kar rahe hain.
Rule: Agar dono variables alag memory address (objects) ko point kar rahe hain, to result True hota hai.
# Identity 'is not' operator example
a = [1, 2, 3]
b = [1, 2, 3]
result = a is not b
print(result) # True
True
# Identity 'is not' operator example
a = [1, 2, 3]
b = a
result = a is not b
print(result) # False
False
