zinating
diff --git a/‎matrix/count_islands_in_matrix.py‎
Lines changed: 4 additions & 3 deletions b/‎matrix/count_islands_in_matrix.py‎
Lines changed: 4 additions & 3 deletions
diff --git a/‎matrix/matrix_class.py‎
Lines changed: 44 additions & 36 deletions b/‎matrix/matrix_class.py‎
Lines changed: 44 additions & 36 deletions
diff --git a/‎matrix/matrix_operation.py‎
Lines changed: 19 additions & 15 deletions b/‎matrix/matrix_operation.py‎
Lines changed: 19 additions & 15 deletions
@@ -4,20 +4,21 @@
 
 
 class matrix:  # Public class to implement a graph
-    def __init__(self, row: int, col: int, graph: list):
+    def __init__(self, row: int, col: int, graph: list[list[bool]]) -> None:
         self.ROW = row
         self.COL = col
         self.graph = graph
 
-    def is_safe(self, i, j, visited) -> bool:
+    def is_safe(self, i: int, j: int, visited: list[list[bool]]) -> bool:
         return (
             0 <= i < self.ROW
             and 0 <= j < self.COL
             and not visited[i][j]
             and self.graph[i][j]
         )
 
-    def diffs(self, i, j, visited):  # Checking all 8 elements surrounding nth element
+    def diffs(self, i: int, j: int, visited: list[list[bool]]) -> None:
+        # Checking all 8 elements surrounding nth element
         rowNbr = [-1, -1, -1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1]  # Coordinate order
         colNbr = [-1, 0, 1, -1, 1, -1, 0, 1]
         visited[i][j] = True  # Make those cells visited
 
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 # An OOP approach to representing and manipulating matrices
 
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 
 class Matrix:
     """
@@ -54,7 +56,9 @@ class Matrix:
      [6. -12. 6.]
      [-3. 6. -3.]]
     >>> print(matrix.inverse())
-    None
+    Traceback (most recent call last):
+        ...
+    TypeError: Only matrices with a non-zero determinant have an inverse
 
     Determinant is an int, float, or Nonetype
     >>> matrix.determinant()
@@ -101,10 +105,9 @@ class Matrix:
      [198. 243. 288. 304.]
      [306. 378. 450. 472.]
      [414. 513. 612. 640.]]
-
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, rows):
+    def __init__(self, rows: list[list[int]]):
         error = TypeError(
             "Matrices must be formed from a list of zero or more lists containing at "
             "least one and the same number of values, each of which must be of type "
@@ -125,53 +128,54 @@ def __init__(self, rows):
             self.rows = []
 
     # MATRIX INFORMATION
-    def columns(self):
+    def columns(self) -> list[list[int]]:
         return [[row[i] for row in self.rows] for i in range(len(self.rows[0]))]
 
     @property
-    def num_rows(self):
+    def num_rows(self) -> int:
         return len(self.rows)
 
     @property
-    def num_columns(self):
+    def num_columns(self) -> int:
         return len(self.rows[0])
 
     @property
-    def order(self):
+    def order(self) -> tuple[int, int]:
         return (self.num_rows, self.num_columns)
 
     @property
-    def is_square(self):
+    def is_square(self) -> bool:
         return self.order[0] == self.order[1]
 
-    def identity(self):
+    def identity(self) -> Matrix:
         values = [
             [0 if column_num != row_num else 1 for column_num in range(self.num_rows)]
             for row_num in range(self.num_rows)
         ]
         return Matrix(values)
 
-    def determinant(self):
+    def determinant(self) -> int:
         if not self.is_square:
-            return None
+            return 0
         if self.order == (0, 0):
             return 1
         if self.order == (1, 1):
-            return self.rows[0][0]
+            return int(self.rows[0][0])
         if self.order == (2, 2):
-            return (self.rows[0][0] * self.rows[1][1]) - (
-                self.rows[0][1] * self.rows[1][0]
+            return int(
+                (self.rows[0][0] * self.rows[1][1])
+                - (self.rows[0][1] * self.rows[1][0])
             )
         else:
             return sum(
                 self.rows[0][column] * self.cofactors().rows[0][column]
                 for column in range(self.num_columns)
             )
 
-    def is_invertable(self):
+    def is_invertable(self) -> bool:
         return bool(self.determinant())
 
-    def get_minor(self, row, column):
+    def get_minor(self, row: int, column: int) -> int:
         values = [
             [
                 self.rows[other_row][other_column]
@@ -183,20 +187,20 @@ def get_minor(self, row, column):
         ]
         return Matrix(values).determinant()
 
-    def get_cofactor(self, row, column):
+    def get_cofactor(self, row: int, column: int) -> int:
         if (row + column) % 2 == 0:
             return self.get_minor(row, column)
         return -1 * self.get_minor(row, column)
 
-    def minors(self):
+    def minors(self) -> Matrix:
         return Matrix(
             [
                 [self.get_minor(row, column) for column in range(self.num_columns)]
                 for row in range(self.num_rows)
             ]
         )
 
-    def cofactors(self):
+    def cofactors(self) -> Matrix:
         return Matrix(
             [
                 [
@@ -209,25 +213,27 @@ def cofactors(self):
             ]
         )
 
-    def adjugate(self):
+    def adjugate(self) -> Matrix:
         values = [
             [self.cofactors().rows[column][row] for column in range(self.num_columns)]
             for row in range(self.num_rows)
         ]
         return Matrix(values)
 
-    def inverse(self):
+    def inverse(self) -> Matrix:
         determinant = self.determinant()
-        return None if not determinant else self.adjugate() * (1 / determinant)
+        if not determinant:
+            raise TypeError("Only matrices with a non-zero determinant have an inverse")
+        return self.adjugate() * (1 / determinant)
 
-    def __repr__(self):
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
         return str(self.rows)
 
-    def __str__(self):
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
         if self.num_rows == 0:
             return "[]"
         if self.num_rows == 1:
-            return "[[" + ". ".join(self.rows[0]) + "]]"
+            return "[[" + ". ".join(str(self.rows[0])) + "]]"
         return (
             "["
             + "\n ".join(
@@ -240,7 +246,7 @@ def __str__(self):
         )
 
     # MATRIX MANIPULATION
-    def add_row(self, row, position=None):
+    def add_row(self, row: list[int], position: int | None = None) -> None:
         type_error = TypeError("Row must be a list containing all ints and/or floats")
         if not isinstance(row, list):
             raise type_error
@@ -256,7 +262,7 @@ def add_row(self, row, position=None):
         else:
             self.rows = self.rows[0:position] + [row] + self.rows[position:]
 
-    def add_column(self, column, position=None):
+    def add_column(self, column: list[int], position: int | None = None) -> None:
         type_error = TypeError(
             "Column must be a list containing all ints and/or floats"
         )
@@ -278,18 +284,18 @@ def add_column(self, column, position=None):
             ]
 
     # MATRIX OPERATIONS
-    def __eq__(self, other):
+    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
         if not isinstance(other, Matrix):
             raise TypeError("A Matrix can only be compared with another Matrix")
         return self.rows == other.rows
 
-    def __ne__(self, other):
+    def __ne__(self, other: object) -> bool:
         return not self == other
 
-    def __neg__(self):
+    def __neg__(self) -> Matrix:
         return self * -1
 
-    def __add__(self, other):
+    def __add__(self, other: Matrix) -> Matrix:
         if self.order != other.order:
             raise ValueError("Addition requires matrices of the same order")
         return Matrix(
@@ -299,7 +305,7 @@ def __add__(self, other):
             ]
         )
 
-    def __sub__(self, other):
+    def __sub__(self, other: Matrix) -> Matrix:
         if self.order != other.order:
             raise ValueError("Subtraction requires matrices of the same order")
         return Matrix(
@@ -309,9 +315,11 @@ def __sub__(self, other):
             ]
         )
 
-    def __mul__(self, other):
+    def __mul__(self, other: Matrix | int | float) -> Matrix:
         if isinstance(other, (int, float)):
-            return Matrix([[element * other for element in row] for row in self.rows])
+            return Matrix(
+                [[int(element * other) for element in row] for row in self.rows]
+            )
         elif isinstance(other, Matrix):
             if self.num_columns != other.num_rows:
                 raise ValueError(
@@ -329,7 +337,7 @@ def __mul__(self, other):
                 "A Matrix can only be multiplied by an int, float, or another matrix"
             )
 
-    def __pow__(self, other):
+    def __pow__(self, other: int) -> Matrix:
         if not isinstance(other, int):
             raise TypeError("A Matrix can only be raised to the power of an int")
         if not self.is_square:
@@ -348,7 +356,7 @@ def __pow__(self, other):
         return result
 
     @classmethod
-    def dot_product(cls, row, column):
+    def dot_product(cls, row: list[int], column: list[int]) -> int:
         return sum(row[i] * column[i] for i in range(len(row)))
 
 
 
@@ -4,8 +4,10 @@
 
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+from typing import Any
 
-def add(*matrix_s: list[list]) -> list[list]:
+
+def add(*matrix_s: list[list[int]]) -> list[list[int]]:
     """
     >>> add([[1,2],[3,4]],[[2,3],[4,5]])
     [[3, 5], [7, 9]]
@@ -25,7 +27,7 @@ def add(*matrix_s: list[list]) -> list[list]:
     raise TypeError("Expected a matrix, got int/list instead")
 
 
-def subtract(matrix_a: list[list], matrix_b: list[list]) -> list[list]:
+def subtract(matrix_a: list[list[int]], matrix_b: list[list[int]]) -> list[list[int]]:
     """
     >>> subtract([[1,2],[3,4]],[[2,3],[4,5]])
     [[-1, -1], [-1, -1]]
@@ -45,7 +47,7 @@ def subtract(matrix_a: list[list], matrix_b: list[list]) -> list[list]:
     raise TypeError("Expected a matrix, got int/list instead")
 
 
-def scalar_multiply(matrix: list[list], n: int | float) -> list[list]:
+def scalar_multiply(matrix: list[list[int]], n: int | float) -> list[list[float]]:
     """
     >>> scalar_multiply([[1,2],[3,4]],5)
     [[5, 10], [15, 20]]
@@ -55,7 +57,7 @@ def scalar_multiply(matrix: list[list], n: int | float) -> list[list]:
     return [[x * n for x in row] for row in matrix]
 
 
-def multiply(matrix_a: list[list], matrix_b: list[list]) -> list[list]:
+def multiply(matrix_a: list[list[int]], matrix_b: list[list[int]]) -> list[list[int]]:
     """
     >>> multiply([[1,2],[3,4]],[[5,5],[7,5]])
     [[19, 15], [43, 35]]
@@ -77,7 +79,7 @@ def multiply(matrix_a: list[list], matrix_b: list[list]) -> list[list]:
     ]
 
 
-def identity(n: int) -> list[list]:
+def identity(n: int) -> list[list[int]]:
     """
     :param n: dimension for nxn matrix
     :type n: int
@@ -89,7 +91,9 @@ def identity(n: int) -> list[list]:
     return [[int(row == column) for column in range(n)] for row in range(n)]
 
 
-def transpose(matrix: list[list], return_map: bool = True) -> list[list] | map[list]:
+def transpose(
+    matrix: list[list[int]], return_map: bool = True
+) -> list[list[int]] | map[list[int]]:
     """
     >>> transpose([[1,2],[3,4]]) # doctest: +ELLIPSIS
     <map object at ...
@@ -108,7 +112,7 @@ def transpose(matrix: list[list], return_map: bool = True) -> list[list] | map[l
     raise TypeError("Expected a matrix, got int/list instead")
 
 
-def minor(matrix: list[list], row: int, column: int) -> list[list]:
+def minor(matrix: list[list[int]], row: int, column: int) -> list[list[int]]:
     """
     >>> minor([[1, 2], [3, 4]], 1, 1)
     [[1]]
@@ -117,7 +121,7 @@ def minor(matrix: list[list], row: int, column: int) -> list[list]:
     return [row[:column] + row[column + 1 :] for row in minor]
 
 
-def determinant(matrix: list[list]) -> int:
+def determinant(matrix: list[list[int]]) -> Any:
     """
     >>> determinant([[1, 2], [3, 4]])
     -2
@@ -133,7 +137,7 @@ def determinant(matrix: list[list]) -> int:
     )
 
 
-def inverse(matrix: list[list]) -> list[list] | None:
+def inverse(matrix: list[list[int]]) -> list[list[float]] | None:
     """
     >>> inverse([[1, 2], [3, 4]])
     [[-2.0, 1.0], [1.5, -0.5]]
@@ -157,27 +161,27 @@ def inverse(matrix: list[list]) -> list[list] | None:
     return scalar_multiply(adjugate, 1 / det)
 
 
-def _check_not_integer(matrix: list[list]) -> bool:
+def _check_not_integer(matrix: list[list[int]]) -> bool:
     return not isinstance(matrix, int) and not isinstance(matrix[0], int)
 
 
-def _shape(matrix: list[list]) -> tuple[int, int]:
+def _shape(matrix: list[list[int]]) -> tuple[int, int]:
     return len(matrix), len(matrix[0])
 
 
 def _verify_matrix_sizes(
-    matrix_a: list[list], matrix_b: list[list]
-) -> tuple[tuple, tuple]:
+    matrix_a: list[list[int]], matrix_b: list[list[int]]
+) -> tuple[tuple[int, int], tuple[int, int]]:
     shape = _shape(matrix_a) + _shape(matrix_b)
     if shape[0] != shape[3] or shape[1] != shape[2]:
         raise ValueError(
-            "operands could not be broadcast together with shape "
+            f"operands could not be broadcast together with shape "
             f"({shape[0], shape[1]}), ({shape[2], shape[3]})"
         )
     return (shape[0], shape[2]), (shape[1], shape[3])
 
 
-def main():
+def main() -> None:
     matrix_a = [[12, 10], [3, 9]]
     matrix_b = [[3, 4], [7, 4]]
     matrix_c = [[11, 12, 13, 14], [21, 22, 23, 24], [31, 32, 33, 34], [41, 42, 43, 44]]