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diff --git a/‎Lib/hashlib.py‎
Lines changed: 11 additions & 1 deletion b/‎Lib/hashlib.py‎
Lines changed: 11 additions & 1 deletion
diff --git a/‎Lib/hmac.py‎
Lines changed: 14 additions & 0 deletions b/‎Lib/hmac.py‎
Lines changed: 14 additions & 0 deletions
diff --git a/‎Lib/test/test_hashlib.py‎
Lines changed: 6 additions & 2 deletions b/‎Lib/test/test_hashlib.py‎
Lines changed: 6 additions & 2 deletions
diff --git a/‎Lib/test/test_hmac.py‎
Lines changed: 1 addition & 1 deletion b/‎Lib/test/test_hmac.py‎
Lines changed: 1 addition & 1 deletion
diff --git a/‎Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2025-07-20-10-21-49.gh-issue-136787._0Rbp_.rst‎
Lines changed: 4 additions & 0 deletions b/‎Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2025-07-20-10-21-49.gh-issue-136787._0Rbp_.rst‎
Lines changed: 4 additions & 0 deletions
@@ -80,6 +80,11 @@
 }
 
 def __get_builtin_constructor(name):
+    if not isinstance(name, str):
+        # Since this function is only used by new(), we use the same
+        # exception as _hashlib.new() when 'name' is of incorrect type.
+        err = f"new() argument 'name' must be str, not {type(name).__name__}"
+        raise TypeError(err)
     cache = __builtin_constructor_cache
     constructor = cache.get(name)
     if constructor is not None:
@@ -120,10 +125,13 @@ def __get_builtin_constructor(name):
     if constructor is not None:
         return constructor
 
-    raise ValueError('unsupported hash type ' + name)
+    # Keep the message in sync with hashlib.h::HASHLIB_UNSUPPORTED_ALGORITHM.
+    raise ValueError(f'unsupported hash algorithm {name}')
 
 
 def __get_openssl_constructor(name):
+    # This function is only used until the module has been initialized.
+    assert isinstance(name, str), "invalid call to __get_openssl_constructor()"
     if name in __block_openssl_constructor:
         # Prefer our builtin blake2 implementation.
         return __get_builtin_constructor(name)
@@ -154,6 +162,8 @@ def __hash_new(name, *args, **kwargs):
     optionally initialized with data (which must be a bytes-like object).
     """
     if name in __block_openssl_constructor:
+        # __block_openssl_constructor is expected to contain strings only
+        assert isinstance(name, str), f"unexpected name: {name}"
         # Prefer our builtin blake2 implementation.
         return __get_builtin_constructor(name)(*args, **kwargs)
     try:
 
@@ -26,6 +26,16 @@
 digest_size = None
 
 
+def _is_shake_constructor(digest_like):
+    if isinstance(digest_like, str):
+        name = digest_like
+    else:
+        h = digest_like() if callable(digest_like) else digest_like.new()
+        if not isinstance(name := getattr(h, "name", None), str):
+            return False
+    return name.startswith(("shake", "SHAKE"))
+
+
 def _get_digest_constructor(digest_like):
     if callable(digest_like):
         return digest_like
@@ -109,6 +119,8 @@ def _init_old(self, key, msg, digestmod):
         import warnings
 
         digest_cons = _get_digest_constructor(digestmod)
+        if _is_shake_constructor(digest_cons):
+            raise ValueError(f"unsupported hash algorithm {digestmod}")
 
         self._hmac = None
         self._outer = digest_cons()
@@ -243,6 +255,8 @@ def digest(key, msg, digest):
 
 def _compute_digest_fallback(key, msg, digest):
     digest_cons = _get_digest_constructor(digest)
+    if _is_shake_constructor(digest_cons):
+        raise ValueError(f"unsupported hash algorithm {digest}")
     inner = digest_cons()
     outer = digest_cons()
     blocksize = getattr(inner, 'block_size', 64)
 
@@ -343,7 +343,9 @@ def test_clinic_signature_errors(self):
 
     def test_unknown_hash(self):
         self.assertRaises(ValueError, hashlib.new, 'spam spam spam spam spam')
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, hashlib.new, 1)
+        # ensure that the exception message remains consistent
+        err = re.escape("new() argument 'name' must be str, not int")
+        self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, err, hashlib.new, 1)
 
     def test_new_upper_to_lower(self):
         self.assertEqual(hashlib.new("SHA256").name, "sha256")
@@ -370,7 +372,9 @@ def test_get_builtin_constructor(self):
                 sys.modules['_md5'] = _md5
             else:
                 del sys.modules['_md5']
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, get_builtin_constructor, 3)
+        # ensure that the exception message remains consistent
+        err = re.escape("new() argument 'name' must be str, not int")
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, err, get_builtin_constructor, 3)
         constructor = get_builtin_constructor('md5')
         self.assertIs(constructor, _md5.md5)
         self.assertEqual(sorted(builtin_constructor_cache), ['MD5', 'md5'])
 
@@ -960,7 +960,7 @@ def raiser():
         with self.assertRaisesRegex(RuntimeError, "custom exception"):
             func(b'key', b'msg', raiser)
 
-        with self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError, 'hash type'):
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError, 'unsupported hash algorithm'):
             func(b'key', b'msg', 'unknown')
 
         with self.assertRaisesRegex(AttributeError, 'new'):
 
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+:mod:`hashlib`: improve exception messages when a hash algorithm is not
+recognized, blocked by the current security policy or incompatible with
+the desired operation (for instance, using HMAC with SHAKE).
+Patch by Bénédikt Tran.