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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
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<title>VPython Help</title>
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    <td width="10" height="272" valign="top" bgcolor="#DDDDDD"><p>&nbsp;</p>    </td>
    <td width="173" valign="top" bgcolor="#DDDDDD"><p class="Normal"><a href="index.html">Home</a></p>
      <p class="Normal">If you're new to Python <br />
      and VPython: <a href="VisualIntro.html">Introduction</a></p>
      <p class="Normal">A VPython <a href="VPython_Intro.pdf" target="_blank">tutorial</a></p>
      <p class="Normal"><a href="primitives.html">Pictures</a> of 3D objects</p>
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    <p class="Normal"><a href="http://vpython.org" target="_blank">Classic VPython web site</a><br />
      <a href="license.txt" target="_blank">VPython license</a><br />
      <a href="http://www.python.org" target="_blank">Python web site</a> <br /></p></td>
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      <div>
        <table width="100%" border="1">
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            <td width="77%"><div align="center"><span class="style1 style2"><font color="#0000A0">ring</font></span></div></td>
            <td width="23%"><div align="center"><img src="images/ring.jpg" alt="ring" width="131" height="127" /><a href="arrow.html"></a></div></td>
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        <p class="Normal"> <img src="ring.gif" alt="ring" width="153" height="247" align="right" /> The ring object 
          is by default circular, with a specified  radius and thickness and with its center 
          given by the <span class="attribute">pos</span> attribute:</p>
        <div>
          <p class="program"> ring(pos=vector(1,1,1), <br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;axis=vector(0,1,0), <br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;radius=0.5, thickness=0.1)</p>
          <p class="Normal"> The ring object has the following attributes and
            default  values, similar to those for cylinders: <span class="attribute">pos<font color="#000000"> vector(0,0,0)</font></span>, <span class="attribute">axis<font color="#000000"> vector(1,0,0)</font></span>, <span class="attribute">length<font color="#000000"> (</font></span><font color="#000000">0.2<span class="attribute">)</span></font>, <span class="attribute">color<font color="#000000"> vector(1,1,1)
             which is color.white</font></span>, <span class="attribute">red<font color="#000000"> (1)</font></span>, <span class="attribute">green<font color="#000000"> (1)</font></span>, <span class="attribute">blue<font color="#000000"> (1)</font></span>, <span class="attribute">opacity</span> (1),
             <span class="attribute">shininess</span> (0.6), <span class="attribute">emissive</span> (False), <a href="../GlowScriptDocs/textures.html"><strong>texture</strong></a>, and <span class="attribute">up<font color="#000000"> (0,1,0)</font></span>.
              As with cylinders, <span class="attribute">up</span> has a subtle
              effect  on the 3D appearance of a ring unless a non-smooth texture
              is specified or the ring is oval. The <span class="attribute">axis</span> attribute
              only affects the orientation of the ring; the magnitude of the <span class="attribute">axis</span> attribute
          is irrelevant. Additional  ring attributes:</p>
          <p class="attributes"> <span class="attribute">radius</span> Radius 
            of the  central part of the ring, default = 1, so <br />
            outer radius = radius+thickness<br />
          inner radius = radius-thickness </p>
          <p class="attributes"> <span class="attribute">thickness</span> The
            radius of the cross section of the ring (1/10th of radius if not
            specified), not the full diameter as you might
            expect. </p>
          <p class="attributes"> <span class="attribute">size</span> Instead of specifying radius and thickness, you can make the ring be oval by specifying its size as size=vector(length,height,width), with different height and width..</p>
      <p class="Normal"> Note that the <span class="attribute">pos</span> attribute 
            for cylinder, arrow, cone, and pyramid corresponds to one end of the object, 
            whereas for a ring, sphere, and box it corresponds to the center of the 
            object. </p>
      <p class="Normal">If you include <span class="attribute">make_trail=True</span> when you create the object, a trail will be left behind the object as you move it. For related options, see <a href="trail.html"><strong>Leaving a Trail</strong></a>.</p>
      <p class="Normal">See <a href="rotation.html"><strong>Rotating an Object</strong></a> for an easy way to change the orientation of an object.</p>
      <p class="Normal">See description of <a href="options.html">Additional
          Attributes</a> available for all 3D display objects.</p>
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