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// AbstractionDemo.java

// Demonstrates abstraction using abstract classes and interfaces in Java.

// Abstract class

abstract class Vehicle {

// Abstract method

abstract void start();

}

// Concrete subclass

class Car extends Vehicle {

void start() {

System.out.println("Car starts with key");

}

// Interface

interface Flyable {

void fly();

}

// Class implementing interface

class Plane implements Flyable {

public void fly() {

System.out.println("Plane is flying");

}

public class AbstractionDemo {

public static void main(String[] args) {

// Abstract class reference to subclass

Vehicle v = new Car();

v.start();

// Interface reference to implementing class

Flyable f = new Plane();

f.fly();

}