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 submodule/aima-data

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## OK, the following are not as widely useful utilities as some of the other

## functions here, but they do show up wherever we have 2D grids: Wumpus and

## Vacuum worlds, TicTacToe and Checkers, and markov decision Processes.

##__________________________________________________________________________

import math

orientations = [(1, 0), (0, 1), (-1, 0), (0, -1)]

def turn_heading(heading, inc, headings=orientations):

return headings[(headings.index(heading) + inc) % len(headings)]

def turn_right(heading):

return turn_heading(heading, -1)

def turn_left(heading):

return turn_heading(heading, +1)

def distance(a, b):

"""The distance between two (x, y) points.

>>> distance((1,2),(5,5))

5.0

"""

return math.hypot((a[0] - b[0]), (a[1] - b[1]))

def distance_squared(a, b):

"""The square of the distance between two (x, y) points.

>>> distance_squared((1,2),(5,5))

25.0

"""

return (a[0]- b[0])**2 + (a[1] - b[1])**2

def distance2(a, b):

"The square of the distance between two (x, y) points."

return distance_squared(a, b)

def clip(x, lowest, highest):

"""Return x clipped to the range [lowest..highest].

>>> [clip(x, 0, 1) for x in [-1, 0.5, 10]]

[0, 0.5, 1]

"""

return max(lowest, min(x, highest))

def vector_clip(vector, lowest, highest):

"""Return vector, except if any element is less than the corresponding

value of lowest or more than the corresponding value of highest, clip to

those values.

>>> vector_clip((-1, 10), (0, 0), (9, 9))

(0, 9)

"""

return type(vector)(map(clip, vector, lowest, highest))