|
5 | 5 | ---------- |
6 | 6 | 问题 |
7 | 7 | ---------- |
8 | | -todo... |
| 8 | +你想同时迭代多个序列,每次分别从一个序列中同时选取取某些元素。 |
| 9 | + |
| 10 | +| |
9 | 11 |
|
10 | 12 | ---------- |
11 | 13 | 解决方案 |
12 | 14 | ---------- |
13 | | -todo... |
| 15 | +为了同时迭代多个序列,使用zip()函数。比如: |
| 16 | + |
| 17 | +.. code-block:: python |
| 18 | +
|
| 19 | + >>> xpts = [1, 5, 4, 2, 10, 7] |
| 20 | + >>> ypts = [101, 78, 37, 15, 62, 99] |
| 21 | + >>> for x, y in zip(xpts, ypts): |
| 22 | + ... print(x,y) |
| 23 | + ... |
| 24 | + 1 101 |
| 25 | + 5 78 |
| 26 | + 4 37 |
| 27 | + 2 15 |
| 28 | + 10 62 |
| 29 | + 7 99 |
| 30 | + >>> |
| 31 | +
|
| 32 | +zip(a, b)会生成一个可返回元组(x, y)的迭代器,其中x来自a,y来自b。 |
| 33 | +一旦其中某个序列到底结尾,迭代宣告结束。 |
| 34 | +因此迭代长度跟参数中最短序列长度一致。 |
| 35 | + |
| 36 | +.. code-block:: python |
| 37 | +
|
| 38 | + >>> a = [1, 2, 3] |
| 39 | + >>> b = ['w', 'x', 'y', 'z'] |
| 40 | + >>> for i in zip(a,b): |
| 41 | + ... print(i) |
| 42 | + ... |
| 43 | + (1, 'w') |
| 44 | + (2, 'x') |
| 45 | + (3, 'y') |
| 46 | + >>> |
| 47 | +
|
| 48 | +如果这个不是你想要的效果,那么还可以使用itertools.zip_longest()函数来代替。比如: |
| 49 | + |
| 50 | +.. code-block:: python |
| 51 | +
|
| 52 | + >>> from itertools import zip_longest |
| 53 | + >>> for i in zip_longest(a,b): |
| 54 | + ... print(i) |
| 55 | + ... |
| 56 | + (1, 'w') |
| 57 | + (2, 'x') |
| 58 | + (3, 'y') |
| 59 | + (None, 'z') |
| 60 | +
|
| 61 | + >>> for i in zip_longest(a, b, fillvalue=0): |
| 62 | + ... print(i) |
| 63 | + ... |
| 64 | + (1, 'w') |
| 65 | + (2, 'x') |
| 66 | + (3, 'y') |
| 67 | + (0, 'z') |
| 68 | + >>> |
| 69 | +
|
| 70 | +| |
14 | 71 |
|
15 | 72 | ---------- |
16 | 73 | 讨论 |
17 | 74 | ---------- |
18 | | -todo... |
| 75 | +当你想成对处理数据的时候zip()函数是很有用的。 |
| 76 | +比如,假设你头列表和一个值列表,就像下面这样: |
| 77 | + |
| 78 | +.. code-block:: python |
| 79 | +
|
| 80 | + headers = ['name', 'shares', 'price'] |
| 81 | + values = ['ACME', 100, 490.1] |
| 82 | +
|
| 83 | +使用zip()可以让你将它们打包并生成一个字典: |
| 84 | + |
| 85 | +.. code-block:: python |
| 86 | +
|
| 87 | + s = dict(zip(headers,values)) |
| 88 | +
|
| 89 | +或者你也可以像下面这样产生输出: |
| 90 | + |
| 91 | +.. code-block:: python |
| 92 | +
|
| 93 | + for name, val in zip(headers, values): |
| 94 | + print(name, '=', val) |
| 95 | +
|
| 96 | +虽然不常见,但是zip()可以被传入多于两个的序列。 |
| 97 | +这时候所生成的结果元组中元素个数跟输入序列个数一样。比如; |
| 98 | + |
| 99 | +.. code-block:: python |
| 100 | +
|
| 101 | + >>> a = [1, 2, 3] |
| 102 | + >>> b = [10, 11, 12] |
| 103 | + >>> c = ['x','y','z'] |
| 104 | + >>> for i in zip(a, b, c): |
| 105 | + ... print(i) |
| 106 | + ... |
| 107 | + (1, 10, 'x') |
| 108 | + (2, 11, 'y') |
| 109 | + (3, 12, 'z') |
| 110 | + >>> |
| 111 | +
|
| 112 | +最后强调一点就是,zip()会创建一个迭代器来作为结果返回。 |
| 113 | +如果你需要将结对的值存储在列表中,要使用list()函数。比如: |
| 114 | + |
| 115 | +.. code-block:: python |
| 116 | +
|
| 117 | + >>> zip(a, b) |
| 118 | + <zip object at 0x1007001b8> |
| 119 | + >>> list(zip(a, b)) |
| 120 | + [(1, 10), (2, 11), (3, 12)] |
| 121 | + >>> |
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