if(p < 0 || p > 1) return 0;

int c = 0;

double r;

for(int i=0; i<n; i++) {

r = rand() / (RAND_MAX + 1.0);

if (r < p) c++;

}

return c;

int input_size;

N = size;

n_ins = n_i;

hidden_layer_sizes = hls;

n_outs = n_o;

n_layers = n_l;

sigmoid_layers = new HiddenLayer*[n_layers];

rbm_layers = new RBM*[n_layers];

// construct multi-layer

for(int i=0; i<n_layers; i++) {

if(i == 0) {

input_size = n_ins;

} else {

input_size = hidden_layer_sizes[i-1];

}

// construct sigmoid_layer

sigmoid_layers[i] = new HiddenLayer(N, input_size, hidden_layer_sizes[i], NULL, NULL);

// construct rbm_layer

rbm_layers[i] = new RBM(N, input_size, hidden_layer_sizes[i],\

sigmoid_layers[i]->W, sigmoid_layers[i]->b, NULL);

}

// layer for output using LogisticRegression

log_layer = new LogisticRegression(N, hidden_layer_sizes[n_layers-1], n_outs);

int *layer_input;

int prev_layer_input_size;

int *prev_layer_input;

int *train_X = new int[n_ins];

for(int i=0; i<n_layers; i++) { // layer-wise

for(int epoch=0; epoch<epochs; epoch++) { // training epochs

for(int n=0; n<N; n++) { // input x1...xN

// initial input

for(int m=0; m<n_ins; m++) train_X[m] = input[n * n_ins + m];

// layer input

for(int l=0; l<=i; l++) {

if(l == 0) {

layer_input = new int[n_ins];

for(int j=0; j<n_ins; j++) layer_input[j] = train_X[j];

} else {

if(l == 1) prev_layer_input_size = n_ins;

else prev_layer_input_size = hidden_layer_sizes[l-2];

prev_layer_input = new int[prev_layer_input_size];

for(int j=0; j<prev_layer_input_size; j++) prev_layer_input[j] = layer_input[j];

delete[] layer_input;

layer_input = new int[hidden_layer_sizes[l-1]];

sigmoid_layers[l-1]->sample_h_given_v(prev_layer_input, layer_input);

delete[] prev_layer_input;

}

}

rbm_layers[i]->contrastive_divergence(layer_input, lr, k);

}

}

}

delete[] train_X;

delete[] layer_input;

int *layer_input;

// int prev_layer_input_size;

int *prev_layer_input;

int *train_X = new int[n_ins];

int *train_Y = new int[n_outs];

for(int epoch=0; epoch<epochs; epoch++) {

for(int n=0; n<N; n++) { // input x1...xN

// initial input

for(int m=0; m<n_ins; m++) train_X[m] = input[n * n_ins + m];

for(int m=0; m<n_outs; m++) train_Y[m] = label[n * n_outs + m];

// layer input

for(int i=0; i<n_layers; i++) {

if(i == 0) {

prev_layer_input = new int[n_ins];

for(int j=0; j<n_ins; j++) prev_layer_input[j] = train_X[j];

} else {

prev_layer_input = new int[hidden_layer_sizes[i-1]];

for(int j=0; j<hidden_layer_sizes[i-1]; j++) prev_layer_input[j] = layer_input[j];

delete[] layer_input;

}

layer_input = new int[hidden_layer_sizes[i]];

sigmoid_layers[i]->sample_h_given_v(prev_layer_input, layer_input);

delete[] prev_layer_input;

}

log_layer->train(layer_input, train_Y, lr);

}

// lr *= 0.95;

}

delete[] layer_input;

delete[] train_X;

delete[] train_Y;

double *layer_input;

// int prev_layer_input_size;

double *prev_layer_input;

double linear_output;

prev_layer_input = new double[n_ins];

for(int j=0; j<n_ins; j++) prev_layer_input[j] = x[j];

// layer activation

for(int i=0; i<n_layers; i++) {

layer_input = new double[sigmoid_layers[i]->n_out];

linear_output = 0.0;

for(int k=0; k<sigmoid_layers[i]->n_out; k++) {

for(int j=0; j<sigmoid_layers[i]->n_in; j++) {

linear_output += sigmoid_layers[i]->W[k][j] * prev_layer_input[j];

}

linear_output += sigmoid_layers[i]->b[k];

layer_input[k] = sigmoid(linear_output);

}

delete[] prev_layer_input;

if(i < n_layers-1) {

prev_layer_input = new double[sigmoid_layers[i]->n_out];

for(int j=0; j<sigmoid_layers[i]->n_out; j++) prev_layer_input[j] = layer_input[j];

delete[] layer_input;

}

}

for(int i=0; i<log_layer->n_out; i++) {

y[i] = 0;

for(int j=0; j<log_layer->n_in; j++) {

y[i] += log_layer->W[i][j] * layer_input[j];

}

y[i] += log_layer->b[i];

}

log_layer->softmax(y);

delete[] layer_input;

N = size;

n_in = in;

n_out = out;

if(w == NULL) {

W = new double*[n_out];

for(int i=0; i<n_out; i++) W[i] = new double[n_in];

double a = 1.0 / n_in;

for(int i=0; i<n_out; i++) {

for(int j=0; j<n_in; j++) {

W[i][j] = uniform(-a, a);

}

}

} else {

W = w;

}

if(bp == NULL) {

b = new double[n_out];

} else {

b = bp;

}

double linear_output = 0.0;

for(int j=0; j<n_in; j++) {

linear_output += w[j] * input[j];

}

linear_output += b;

return sigmoid(linear_output);

for(int i=0; i<n_out; i++) {

sample[i] = binomial(1, output(input, W[i], b[i]));

}

N = size;

n_visible = n_v;

n_hidden = n_h;

if(w == NULL) {

W = new double*[n_hidden];

for(int i=0; i<n_hidden; i++) W[i] = new double[n_visible];

double a = 1.0 / n_visible;

for(int i=0; i<n_hidden; i++) {

for(int j=0; j<n_visible; j++) {

W[i][j] = uniform(-a, a);

}

}

} else {

W = w;

}

if(hb == NULL) {

hbias = new double[n_hidden];

for(int i=0; i<n_hidden; i++) hbias[i] = 0;

} else {

hbias = hb;

}

if(vb == NULL) {

vbias = new double[n_visible];

for(int i=0; i<n_visible; i++) vbias[i] = 0;

} else {

vbias = vb;

}

double *ph_mean = new double[n_hidden];

int *ph_sample = new int[n_hidden];

double *nv_means = new double[n_visible];

int *nv_samples = new int[n_visible];

double *nh_means = new double[n_hidden];

int *nh_samples = new int[n_hidden];

/* CD-k */

sample_h_given_v(input, ph_mean, ph_sample);

for(int step=0; step<k; step++) {

if(step == 0) {

gibbs_hvh(ph_sample, nv_means, nv_samples, nh_means, nh_samples);

} else {

gibbs_hvh(nh_samples, nv_means, nv_samples, nh_means, nh_samples);

}

}

for(int i=0; i<n_hidden; i++) {

for(int j=0; j<n_visible; j++) {

W[i][j] += lr * (ph_sample[i] * input[j] - nh_means[i] * nv_samples[j]) / N;

}

hbias[i] += lr * (ph_sample[i] - nh_means[i]) / N;

}

for(int i=0; i<n_visible; i++) {

vbias[i] += lr * (input[i] - nv_samples[i]) / N;

}

delete[] ph_mean;

delete[] ph_sample;

delete[] nv_means;

delete[] nv_samples;

delete[] nh_means;

delete[] nh_samples;

for(int i=0; i<n_hidden; i++) {

mean[i] = propup(v0_sample, W[i], hbias[i]);

sample[i] = binomial(1, mean[i]);

}

for(int i=0; i<n_visible; i++) {

mean[i] = propdown(h0_sample, i, vbias[i]);

sample[i] = binomial(1, mean[i]);

}

double pre_sigmoid_activation = 0.0;

for(int j=0; j<n_visible; j++) {

pre_sigmoid_activation += w[j] * v[j];

}

pre_sigmoid_activation += b;

return sigmoid(pre_sigmoid_activation);

double pre_sigmoid_activation = 0.0;

for(int j=0; j<n_hidden; j++) {

pre_sigmoid_activation += W[j][i] * h[j];

}

pre_sigmoid_activation += b;

return sigmoid(pre_sigmoid_activation);

double *nh_means, int *nh_samples) {

sample_v_given_h(h0_sample, nv_means, nv_samples);

sample_h_given_v(nv_samples, nh_means, nh_samples);

double *h = new double[n_hidden];

double pre_sigmoid_activation;

for(int i=0; i<n_hidden; i++) {

h[i] = propup(v, W[i], hbias[i]);

}

for(int i=0; i<n_visible; i++) {

pre_sigmoid_activation = 0.0;

for(int j=0; j<n_hidden; j++) {

pre_sigmoid_activation += W[j][i] * h[j];

}

pre_sigmoid_activation += vbias[i];

reconstructed_v[i] = sigmoid(pre_sigmoid_activation);

}

delete[] h;

N = size;

n_in = in;

n_out = out;

W = new double*[n_out];

for(int i=0; i<n_out; i++) W[i] = new double[n_in];

b = new double[n_out];

for(int i=0; i<n_out; i++) {

for(int j=0; j<n_in; j++) {

W[i][j] = 0;

}

b[i] = 0;

}

double *p_y_given_x = new double[n_out];

double *dy = new double[n_out];

for(int i=0; i<n_out; i++) {

p_y_given_x[i] = 0;

for(int j=0; j<n_in; j++) {

p_y_given_x[i] += W[i][j] * x[j];

}

p_y_given_x[i] += b[i];

}

softmax(p_y_given_x);

for(int i=0; i<n_out; i++) {

dy[i] = y[i] - p_y_given_x[i];

for(int j=0; j<n_in; j++) {

W[i][j] += lr * dy[i] * x[j] / N;

}

b[i] += lr * dy[i] / N;

}

delete[] p_y_given_x;

delete[] dy;

double max = 0.0;

double sum = 0.0;

for(int i=0; i<n_out; i++) if(max < x[i]) max = x[i];

for(int i=0; i<n_out; i++) {

x[i] = exp(x[i] - max);

sum += x[i];

}

for(int i=0; i<n_out; i++) x[i] /= sum;

for(int i=0; i<n_out; i++) {

y[i] = 0;

for(int j=0; j<n_in; j++) {

y[i] += W[i][j] * x[j];

}

y[i] += b[i];

}

softmax(y);

srand(0);

double pretrain_lr = 0.1;

int pretraining_epochs = 1000;

int k = 1;

double finetune_lr = 0.1;

int finetune_epochs = 500;

int train_N = 6;

int test_N = 3;

int n_ins = 6;

int n_outs = 2;

int hidden_layer_sizes[] = {3, 3};

int n_layers = sizeof(hidden_layer_sizes) / sizeof(hidden_layer_sizes[0]);

// training data

int train_X[6][6] = {

{1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0},

{1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0},

{1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0},

{0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0},

{0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0},

{0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0}

};

int train_Y[6][2] = {

{1, 0},

{1, 0},

{1, 0},

{0, 1},

{0, 1},

{0, 1}

};

// construct DBN

DBN dbn(train_N, n_ins, hidden_layer_sizes, n_outs, n_layers);

// pretrain

dbn.pretrain(*train_X, pretrain_lr, k, pretraining_epochs);

// finetune

dbn.finetune(*train_X, *train_Y, finetune_lr, finetune_epochs);

// test data

int test_X[3][6] = {

{1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0},

{0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0},

{1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0}

};

double test_Y[3][2];

// test

for(int i=0; i<test_N; i++) {

dbn.predict(test_X[i], test_Y[i]);

for(int j=0; j<n_outs; j++) {

cout << test_Y[i][j] << " ";

}

cout << endl;

}