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@@ -97,3 +100,43 @@ The reference values $$\rho_{ref}, T_{ref}, v_{ref}$$ equal the initial state va
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**Note:** The initial state is also used as boundary conditions for `MARKER_FAR`.
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## Turbulence Models ##
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| Solver | Version |
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| --- | --- |
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|`*_RANS`| 7.4.0 |
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This section describes how to setup turbulence models for RANS simulations. In general turbulence models are selected via the option `KIND_TURB_MODEL`, corrections/versions and parameters of the models are specified via the options listed below.
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The turbulent Pradtl number can be modified with option `PRANDTL_TURB` (the default is 0.9).
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### Spalart-Allmaras (SA) ###
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SU2 implements the following SA versions:
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**WIP**
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### Shear Stress Transport (SST) ###
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SU2 implements the "Standard" (1994) and 2003 versions of the SST model along with several modifications.
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**Note:** Currently all versions are "modified" i.e. the turbulence kinetic energy (tke) is not included in the viscous stress tensor.
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The model is selected using `KIND_TURB_MODEL= SST` and the modifications via the `SST_OPTIONS` list.
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The freestream and inlet conditions are specified via the options
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`FREESTREAM_TURBULENCEINTENSITY= 0.05` (5%)
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`FREESTREAM_TURB2LAMVISCRATIO= 10` (ratio of turbulent to laminar viscosity)
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**Note:** The default values for these options are suitable for internal flows but may be too high for external aerodynamics problems.
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The following modifications are allowed:
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- Versions:
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-`V1994m` - SSTm **WARNING:** Our implementation has a small [inconsistency with the literature](https://github.com/su2code/SU2/issues/1551), which will be resolved in the next major SU2 update (i.e. version 8).
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-`V2003m` - SST-2003m, no known inconsistencies.
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- Production modifications:
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-`VORTICITY` - Uses vorticity to compute the source term instead of strain-rate magnitude.
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-`KATO_LAUNDER` - Uses the Kato-Launder modification (vorticity times strain-rate).
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-`UQ` - Production is computed using a modified stress tensor for [uncertainty quantification](https://su2code.github.io/tutorials/UQ_NACA0012/). **Note** with this modification tke is always included in the stress tensor.
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- Corrections:
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-`SUSTAINING` - SST with controlled decay.
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- Curvature corrections are currently not implemented.
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Modifications from each of these three groups can be combined, for example `SST_OPTIONS= V2003m, VORTICITY, SUSTAINING`
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# Turbulence Modeling #
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The Shear Stress Transport (SST) model of Menter and the Spalart-Allmaras (S-A) model are two of the most common and widely used turbulence models. The S-A and SST standard models, along with several variants, are implemented in SU2. The reader is referred to the [NASA Turbulence Modeling Resource](https://turbmodels.larc.nasa.gov/index.html) (TMR) for the details of each specific model, as the versions in SU2 are implemented according to the well-described formulations found there.
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SU2 implements several variants of the SST and SA turbulence models, for specifics of the models please see the [NASA Turbulence Modeling Resource](https://turbmodels.larc.nasa.gov/index.html) (TMR).
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For information on how to use turbulence models in SU2 see the [users guide](https://su2code.github.io/docs_v7/Physical-Definition/).
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Within the turbulence solvers, we discretize the equations in space using a finite volume method (FVM) with a standard edge-based data structure on a dual grid with vertex-based schemes. The convective and viscous fluxes are evaluated at the midpoint of an edge.
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The edge-based finite volume discretization of flow solvers is also used in turbulence solvers. Convective fluxes are evaluated using a scalar upwind scheme (1st or 2nd order).
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