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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
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<title>Creating Batch Artifacts</title>
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<b>Java Platform, Enterprise Edition (Java EE) 8</b><br />
<b>The Java EE Tutorial</b>
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<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="creating-batch-artifacts">Creating Batch Artifacts</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>After you define a job in terms of its batch artifacts using the Job
Specification Language (JSL), you create these artifacts as Java classes
that implement the interfaces in the <code>javax.batch.api</code> package and its
subpackages.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>This section lists the main batch artifact interfaces, demonstrates how
to access context objects from the batch runtime, and provides some
examples.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The following topics are addressed here:</p>
</div>
<div class="ulist">
<ul>
<li>
<p><a href="#BABDAIBI">Batch Artifact Interfaces</a></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href="#BCGIFJBB">Dependency Injection in Batch Artifacts</a></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href="#BCGCJEEF">Using the Context Objects from the Batch Runtime</a></p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="batch-artifact-interfaces">Batch Artifact Interfaces</h3>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The following tables list the interfaces that you implement to create
batch artifacts. The interface implementations are referenced from the
elements described in <a href="batch-processing004.html#BCGDDBBG">Using the
Job Specification Language</a>.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p><a href="#BCGGCIDC">Table 58-3</a> lists the interfaces to implement batch
artifacts for chunk steps, task steps, and decision elements.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p><a href="#BCGEAAEA">Table 58-4</a> lists the interfaces to implement batch
artifacts for partitioned steps.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p><a href="#BCGCAEDI">Table 58-5</a> lists the interfaces to implement batch
artifacts for job and step listeners.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p><a id="sthref279"></a><a id="BCGGCIDC"></a></p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p><strong>Table 58-3 Main Batch Artifact Interfaces</strong></p>
</div>
<table class="tableblock frame-all grid-all" style="width: 99%;">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 15%;">
<col style="width: 15%;">
<col style="width: 70%;">
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>Package</strong></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>Interface</strong></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>Description</strong></p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>javax.batch.api</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>Batchlet</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Implements the business logic of a
task-oriented step. It is referenced from the <code>batchlet</code> element.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>javax.batch.api</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>Decider</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Decides the next step, flow, or split to
execute based on information from the execution of the previous step,
flow, or split. It is referenced from the <code>decision</code> element.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>javax.batch.api.chunk</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>CheckPointAlgorithm</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Implements a custom
checkpoint policy for chunk steps. It is referenced from the
<code>checkpoint-algorithm</code> element inside the <code>chunk</code> element.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>javax.batch.api.chunk</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>ItemReader</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Reads items from an input source
in a chunk step. It is referenced from the <code>reader</code> element inside the
<code>chunk</code> element.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>javax.batch.api.chunk</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>ItemProcessor</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Processes input items to
obtain output items in chunk steps. It is referenced from the
<code>processor</code> element inside the <code>chunk</code> element.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>javax.batch.api.chunk</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>ItemWriter</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Writes output items in chunk
steps. It is referenced from the <code>writer</code> element inside the <code>chunk</code>
element.</p></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div class="paragraph">
<p><a id="sthref280"></a><a id="BCGEAAEA"></a></p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Table 58-4 Partition Batch Artifact Interfaces</p>
</div>
<table class="tableblock frame-all grid-all" style="width: 99%;">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 15%;">
<col style="width: 15%;">
<col style="width: 70%;">
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>Package</strong></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>Interface</strong></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>Description</strong></p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>javax.batch.api.partition</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>PartitionPlan</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Provides details on how
to execute a partitioned step, such as the number of partitions, the
number of threads, and the parameters for each partition. This artifact
is not referenced directly from the job definition file.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>javax.batch.api.partition</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>PartitionMapper</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Provides a
<code>PartitionPlan</code> object. It is referenced from the <code>mapper</code> element
inside the <code>partition</code> element.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>javax.batch.api.partition</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>PartitionReducer</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Receives control when
a partitioned step begins, ends, or rolls back. It is referenced from
the <code>reducer</code> element inside the <code>partition</code> element.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>javax.batch.api.partition</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>PartitionCollector</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Sends intermediary
results from each partition to a partition analyzer. It is referenced
from the <code>collector</code> element inside the <code>partition</code> element.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>javax.batch.api.partition</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>PartitionAnalyzer</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Processes data and
final results from each partition. It is referenced from the <code>analyzer</code>
element inside the <code>partition</code> element.</p></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div class="paragraph">
<p><a id="sthref281"></a><a id="BCGCAEDI"></a></p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p><strong>Table 58-5 Listener Batch Artifact Interfaces</strong></p>
</div>
<table class="tableblock frame-all grid-all" style="width: 99%;">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 15%;">
<col style="width: 15%;">
<col style="width: 70%;">
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>Package</strong></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>Interface</strong></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>Description</strong></p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>javax.batch.api.listener</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>JobListener</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Intercepts job execution
before and after running a job. It is referenced from the <code>listener</code>
element inside the <code>job</code> element.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>javax.batch.api.listener</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>StepListener</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Intercepts step execution
before and after running a step. It is referenced from the <code>listener</code>
element inside the <code>step</code> element</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>javax.batch.api.chunk.listener</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>ChunkListener</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Intercepts chunk
processing in chunk steps before and after processing each chunk, and on
errors. It is referenced from the <code>listener</code> element inside the <code>step</code>
element.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>javax.batch.api.chunk.listener</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>ItemReadListener</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Intercepts item
reading in chunk steps before and after reading each item, and on
errors. It is referenced from the <code>listener</code> element inside the <code>step</code>
element.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>javax.batch.api.chunk.listener</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>ItemProcessListener</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Intercepts
item processing in chunk steps before and after processing each item,
and on errors. It is referenced from the <code>listener</code> element inside the
<code>step</code> element.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>javax.batch.api.chunk.listener</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>ItemWriteListener</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Intercepts item
writing in chunk steps before and after writing each item, and on
errors. It is referenced from the <code>listener</code> element inside the <code>step</code>
element.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>javax.batch.api.chunk.listener</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>RetryReadListener</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Intercepts retry
item reading in chunk steps when an exception occurs. It is referenced
from the <code>listener</code> element inside the <code>step</code> element.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>javax.batch.api.chunk.listener</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>RetryProcessListener</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Intercepts
retry item processing in chunk steps when an exception occurs. It is
referenced from the <code>listener</code> element inside the <code>step</code> element.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>javax.batch.api.chunk.listener</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>RetryWriteListener</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Intercepts
retry item writing in chunk steps when an exception occurs. It is
referenced from the <code>listener</code> element inside the <code>step</code> element.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>javax.batch.api.chunk.listener</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>SkipReadListener</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Intercepts
skippable exception handling for item readers in chunk steps. It is
referenced from the <code>listener</code> element inside the <code>step</code> element.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>javax.batch.api.chunk.listener</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>SkipProcessListener</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Intercepts
skippable exception handling for item processors in chunk steps. It is
referenced from the <code>listener</code> element inside the <code>step</code> element.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>javax.batch.api.chunk.listener</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>SkipWriteListener</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Intercepts
skippable exception handling for item writers in chunk steps. It is
referenced from the <code>listener</code> element inside the <code>step</code> element.</p></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="dependency-injection-in-batch-artifacts">Dependency Injection in Batch Artifacts</h3>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>To ensure that Contexts and Dependency Injection (CDI) works in your
batch artifacts, follow these steps.</p>
</div>
<div class="olist arabic">
<ol class="arabic">
<li>
<p>Define your batch artifact implementations as CDI named beans using
the <code>Named</code> annotation.</p>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>For example, define an item reader implementation in a chunk step as
follows:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="prettyprint highlight"><code class="language-oac_no_warn" data-lang="oac_no_warn">@Named("MyItemReaderImpl")
public class MyItemReaderImpl implements ItemReader {
/* ... Override the ItemReader interface methods ... */
}</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li>
<p>Provide a public, empty, no-argument constructor for your batch
artifacts.</p>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>For example, provide the following constructor for the artifact above:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="prettyprint highlight"><code class="language-oac_no_warn" data-lang="oac_no_warn">public MyItemReaderImpl() {}</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li>
<p>Specify the CDI name for the batch artifacts in the job definition
file, instead of using the fully qualified name of the class.</p>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>For example, define the step for the artifact above as follows:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="prettyprint highlight"><code class="language-oac_no_warn" data-lang="oac_no_warn"><step id="stepA" next="stepB">
<chunk>
<reader ref="MyItemReaderImpl"></reader>
...
</chunk>
</step></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>This example uses the CDI name (<code>MyItemReaderImpl</code>) instead of the fully
qualified name of the class (<code>com.example.pkg.MyItemReaderImpl</code>) to
specify a batch artifact.</p>
</div>
</li>
<li>
<p>Ensure that your module is a CDI bean archive by annotating your
batch artifacts with the <code>javax.enterprise.context.Dependent</code> annotation
or by including an empty <code>beans.xml</code> deployment description with your
application. For example, the following batch artifact is annotated with
<code>@Dependent</code>:</p>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="prettyprint highlight"><code class="language-oac_no_warn" data-lang="oac_no_warn">@Dependent
@Named("MyItemReaderImpl")
public class MyItemReaderImpl implements ItemReader { ... }</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>For more information on bean archives, see
<a href="cdi-adv001.html#CACDCFDE">Packaging CDI Applications</a> in
<a href="cdi-adv.html#GJEHI">Chapter 27, "Contexts and Dependency Injection
for Java EE: Advanced Topics"</a>.</p>
</div>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
<table class="tableblock frame-all grid-all spread">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 100%;">
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><div><div class="paragraph">
<p>Note:</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Contexts and Dependency Injection (CDI) is required in order to access
context objects from the batch runtime in batch artifacts.</p>
</div></div></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>You may encounter the following errors if you do not follow this
procedure.</p>
</div>
<div class="ulist">
<ul>
<li>
<p>The batch runtime cannot locate some batch artifacts.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>The batch artifacts throw null pointer exceptions when accessing
injected objects.</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="using-the-context-objects-from-the-batch-runtime">Using the Context Objects from the Batch Runtime</h3>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The batch runtime provides context objects that implement the
<code>JobContext</code> and <code>StepContext</code> interfaces in the
<code>javax.batch.runtime.context</code> package. These objects are associated with
the current job and step, respectively, and enable you to do the
following:</p>
</div>
<div class="ulist">
<ul>
<li>
<p>Get information from the current job or step, such as its name,
instance ID, execution ID, batch status, and exit status</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Set the user-defined exit status</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Store user data</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Get property values from the job or step definition</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>You can inject context objects from the batch runtime inside batch
artifact implementations like item readers, item processors, item
writers, batchlets, listeners, and so on. The following example
demonstrates how to access property values from the job definition file
in an item reader implementation:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="prettyprint highlight"><code class="language-oac_no_warn" data-lang="oac_no_warn">@Dependent
@Named("MyItemReaderImpl")
public class MyItemReaderImpl implements ItemReader {
@Inject
JobContext jobCtx;
public MyItemReaderImpl() {}
@Override
public void open(Serializable checkpoint) throws Exception {
String fileName = jobCtx.getProperties()
.getProperty("log_file_name");
...
}
...
}</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>See <a href="#BCGIFJBB">Dependency Injection in Batch Artifacts</a> for
instructions on how to define your batch artifacts to use dependency
injection.</p>
</div>
<table class="tableblock frame-all grid-all spread">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 100%;">
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><div><div class="paragraph">
<p><strong>Note</strong>:</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Do not access batch context objects inside artifact constructors.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Because the job does not run until you submit it to the batch runtime,
the batch context objects are not available when CDI instantiates your
artifacts upon loading your application. The instantiation of these
beans fails and the batch runtime cannot find your batch artifacts when
your application submits the job.</p>
</div></div></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
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