// determine sensible default number of threads.

// std::thread::hardware_concurrency may not be equal to the number of cores, or may return 0.

#ifdef __linux__

std::ifstream cpuinfo("/proc/cpuinfo");

params.n_threads = std::count(std::istream_iterator<std::string>(cpuinfo),

std::istream_iterator<std::string>(),

std::string("processor"));

#endif

if (params.n_threads == 0) {

params.n_threads = std::max(1, (int32_t) std::thread::hardware_concurrency());

}

for (int i = 1; i < argc; i++) {

std::string arg = argv[i];

if (arg == "-s" || arg == "--seed") {

params.seed = std::stoi(argv[++i]);

} else if (arg == "-t" || arg == "--threads") {

params.n_threads = std::stoi(argv[++i]);

} else if (arg == "-p" || arg == "--prompt") {

params.prompt = argv[++i];

} else if (arg == "-f" || arg == "--file") {

std::ifstream file(argv[++i]);

std::copy(std::istreambuf_iterator<char>(file),

std::istreambuf_iterator<char>(),

back_inserter(params.prompt));

} else if (arg == "-n" || arg == "--n_predict") {

params.n_predict = std::stoi(argv[++i]);

} else if (arg == "--top_k") {

params.top_k = std::stoi(argv[++i]);

} else if (arg == "-c" || arg == "--ctx_size") {

params.n_ctx = std::stoi(argv[++i]);

} else if (arg == "--top_p") {

params.top_p = std::stof(argv[++i]);

} else if (arg == "--temp") {

params.temp = std::stof(argv[++i]);

} else if (arg == "--repeat_last_n") {

params.repeat_last_n = std::stoi(argv[++i]);

} else if (arg == "--repeat_penalty") {

params.repeat_penalty = std::stof(argv[++i]);

} else if (arg == "-b" || arg == "--batch_size") {

params.n_batch = std::stoi(argv[++i]);

} else if (arg == "-m" || arg == "--model") {

params.model = argv[++i];

} else if (arg == "-i" || arg == "--interactive") {

params.interactive = true;

} else if (arg == "--interactive-start") {

params.interactive = true;

params.interactive_start = true;

} else if (arg == "--color") {

params.use_color = true;

} else if (arg == "-r" || arg == "--reverse-prompt") {

params.antiprompt = argv[++i];

} else if (arg == "-h" || arg == "--help") {

gpt_print_usage(argc, argv, params);

exit(0);

} else {

fprintf(stderr, "error: unknown argument: %s\n", arg.c_str());

gpt_print_usage(argc, argv, params);

exit(0);

}

}

return true;

fprintf(stderr, "usage: %s [options]\n", argv[0]);

fprintf(stderr, "\n");

fprintf(stderr, "options:\n");

fprintf(stderr, " -h, --help show this help message and exit\n");

fprintf(stderr, " -i, --interactive run in interactive mode\n");

fprintf(stderr, " --interactive-start run in interactive mode and poll user input at startup\n");

fprintf(stderr, " -r PROMPT, --reverse-prompt PROMPT\n");

fprintf(stderr, " in interactive mode, poll user input upon seeing PROMPT\n");

fprintf(stderr, " --color colorise output to distinguish prompt and user input from generations\n");

fprintf(stderr, " -s SEED, --seed SEED RNG seed (default: -1)\n");

fprintf(stderr, " -t N, --threads N number of threads to use during computation (default: %d)\n", params.n_threads);

fprintf(stderr, " -p PROMPT, --prompt PROMPT\n");

fprintf(stderr, " prompt to start generation with (default: random)\n");

fprintf(stderr, " -f FNAME, --file FNAME\n");

fprintf(stderr, " prompt file to start generation.\n");

fprintf(stderr, " -n N, --n_predict N number of tokens to predict (default: %d)\n", params.n_predict);

fprintf(stderr, " --top_k N top-k sampling (default: %d)\n", params.top_k);

fprintf(stderr, " --top_p N top-p sampling (default: %.1f)\n", params.top_p);

fprintf(stderr, " --repeat_last_n N last n tokens to consider for penalize (default: %d)\n", params.repeat_last_n);

fprintf(stderr, " --repeat_penalty N penalize repeat sequence of tokens (default: %.1f)\n", params.repeat_penalty);

fprintf(stderr, " -c N, --ctx_size N size of the prompt context (default: %d)\n", params.n_ctx);

fprintf(stderr, " --temp N temperature (default: %.1f)\n", params.temp);

fprintf(stderr, " -b N, --batch_size N batch size for prompt processing (default: %d)\n", params.n_batch);

fprintf(stderr, " -m FNAME, --model FNAME\n");

fprintf(stderr, " model path (default: %s)\n", params.model.c_str());

fprintf(stderr, "\n");

const int r = rng() % 10;

switch (r) {

case 0: return "So";

case 1: return "Once upon a time";

case 2: return "When";

case 3: return "The";

case 4: return "After";

case 5: return "If";

case 6: return "import";

case 7: return "He";

case 8: return "She";

case 9: return "They";

default: return "To";

}

return "The";

size_t pos = 0;

while ((pos = str.find(needle, pos)) != std::string::npos) {

str.replace(pos, needle.length(), replacement);

pos += replacement.length();

}

std::map<std::string, int32_t> result;

// read file into string

std::string json;

{

std::ifstream ifs(fname);

if (!ifs) {

fprintf(stderr, "Failed to open %s\n", fname.c_str());

exit(1);

}

json = std::string((std::istreambuf_iterator<char>(ifs)),

(std::istreambuf_iterator<char>()));

}

if (json[0] != '{') {

return result;

}

// parse json

{

bool has_key = false;

bool in_token = false;

std::string str_key = "";

std::string str_val = "";

int n = json.size();

for (int i = 1; i < n; ++i) {

if (!in_token) {

if (json[i] == ' ') continue;

if (json[i] == '"') {

in_token = true;

continue;

}

} else {

if (json[i] == '\\' && i+1 < n) {

if (has_key == false) {

str_key += json[i];

} else {

str_val += json[i];

}

++i;

} else if (json[i] == '"') {

if (has_key == false) {

has_key = true;

++i;

while (json[i] == ' ') ++i;

++i; // :

while (json[i] == ' ') ++i;

if (json[i] != '\"') {

while (json[i] != ',' && json[i] != '}') {

str_val += json[i++];

}

has_key = false;

} else {

in_token = true;

continue;

}

} else {

has_key = false;

}

::replace(str_key, "\\u0120", " " ); // \u0120 -> space

::replace(str_key, "\\u010a", "\n"); // \u010a -> new line

::replace(str_key, "\\\"", "\""); // \\\" -> "

try {

result[str_key] = std::stoi(str_val);

} catch (...) {

//fprintf(stderr, "%s: ignoring key '%s' with value '%s'\n", fname.c_str(), str_key.c_str(), str_val.c_str());

}

str_key = "";

str_val = "";

in_token = false;

continue;

}

if (has_key == false) {

str_key += json[i];

} else {

str_val += json[i];

}

}

}

}

return result;

std::vector<std::string> words;

// first split the text into words

{

std::string str = text;

std::string pat = R"('s|'t|'re|'ve|'m|'ll|'d| ?[[:alpha:]]+| ?[[:digit:]]+| ?[^\s[:alpha:][:digit:]]+|\s+(?!\S)|\s+)";

std::regex re(pat);

std::smatch m;

while (std::regex_search(str, m, re)) {

for (auto x : m) {

words.push_back(x);

}

str = m.suffix();

}

}

// find the longest tokens that form the words:

std::vector<gpt_vocab::id> tokens;

for (const auto & word : words) {

if (word.size() == 0) continue;

int i = 0;

int n = word.size();

while (i < n) {

int j = n;

while (j > i) {

auto it = vocab.token_to_id.find(word.substr(i, j-i));

if (it != vocab.token_to_id.end()) {

tokens.push_back(it->second);

i = j;

break;

}

--j;

}

if (i == n) {

break;

}

if (j == i) {

auto sub = word.substr(i, 1);

if (vocab.token_to_id.find(sub) != vocab.token_to_id.end()) {

tokens.push_back(vocab.token_to_id.at(sub));

} else {

fprintf(stderr, "%s: unknown token '%s'\n", __func__, sub.data());

}

++i;

}

}

}

return tokens;

std::vector<gpt_vocab::id> res;

std::vector<int> score;

std::vector<gpt_vocab::id> prev;

int len = text.length();

score.resize(len + 1);

prev.resize(len + 1);

// Forward pass

for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {

int max_len = std::min(len - i, MAX_TOKEN_LEN);

for (int sub_len = 1; sub_len <= len - i; sub_len++) {

auto sub = text.substr(i, sub_len);

auto token = vocab.token_to_id.find(sub);

if (token != vocab.token_to_id.end()) {

int token_score = sub.length() * sub.length();

int local_score = score[i] + token_score;

int next = i + sub_len;

if (score[next] < local_score) {

score[next] = local_score;

prev[next] = (*token).second;

}

}

}

}

// Backward pass

int i = len;

while (i > 0) {

gpt_vocab::id token_id = prev[i];

if (token_id == 0) {

// TODO: Return error or something more meaningful

printf("failed to tokenize string!\n");

break;

}

res.push_back(token_id);

auto token = (*vocab.id_to_token.find(token_id)).second;

i -= token.length();

}

if (bos) {

res.push_back(1); // TODO: replace with vocab.bos

}

// Pieces are in reverse order so correct that

std::reverse(res.begin(), res.end());

return res;

printf("%s: loading vocab from '%s'\n", __func__, fname.c_str());

vocab.token_to_id = ::json_parse(fname);

for (const auto & kv : vocab.token_to_id) {

vocab.id_to_token[kv.second] = kv.first;

}

printf("%s: vocab size = %d\n", __func__, (int) vocab.token_to_id.size());

// print the vocabulary

//for (auto kv : vocab.token_to_id) {

// printf("'%s' -> %d\n", kv.first.data(), kv.second);

//}

return true;

// find the top K tokens

std::partial_sort(

logits_id.begin(),

logits_id.begin() + top_k, logits_id.end(),

[](const std::pair<double, gpt_vocab::id> & a, const std::pair<double, gpt_vocab::id> & b) {

return a.first > b.first;

});

logits_id.resize(top_k);

const gpt_vocab & vocab,

const float * logits,

std::vector<gpt_vocab::id> & last_n_tokens,

double repeat_penalty,

int top_k,

double top_p,

double temp,

std::mt19937 & rng) {

int n_logits = vocab.id_to_token.size();

std::vector<std::pair<double, gpt_vocab::id>> logits_id;

logits_id.reserve(n_logits);

{

const double scale = 1.0/temp;

for (int i = 0; i < n_logits; ++i) {

// repetition penalty from CTRL paper (https://arxiv.org/abs/1909.05858)

// credit https://github.com/facebookresearch/llama/compare/main...shawwn:llama:main

if (std::find(last_n_tokens.begin(), last_n_tokens.end(), i) != last_n_tokens.end()) {

// if score < 0 then repetition penalty has to multiplied to reduce the previous token probability

if (logits[i] < 0.0) {

logits_id.push_back(std::make_pair(logits[i]*scale*repeat_penalty, i));

} else {

logits_id.push_back(std::make_pair(logits[i]*scale/repeat_penalty, i));

}

} else {

logits_id.push_back(std::make_pair(logits[i]*scale, i));

}

}

}

sample_top_k(logits_id, top_k);

double maxl = -INFINITY;

for (const auto & kv : logits_id) {

maxl = std::max(maxl, kv.first);

}

// compute probs for the top K tokens

std::vector<double> probs;

probs.reserve(logits_id.size());

double sum = 0.0;

for (const auto & kv : logits_id) {

double p = exp(kv.first - maxl);

probs.push_back(p);

sum += p;

}

// normalize the probs

for (auto & p : probs) {

p /= sum;

}

if (top_p < 1.0f) {

double cumsum = 0.0f;

for (int i = 0; i < (int) probs.size(); i++) {

cumsum += probs[i];

if (cumsum >= top_p) {

probs.resize(i + 1);

logits_id.resize(i + 1);

break;

}

}

cumsum = 1.0/cumsum;

for (int i = 0; i < (int) probs.size(); i++) {

probs[i] *= cumsum;

}

}

//printf("\n");

//for (int i = 0; i < (int) 10; i++) {

// printf("%d: '%s' %f\n", i, vocab.id_to_token.at(logits_id[i].second).c_str(), probs[i]);

//}

//printf("\n\n");

//exit(0);

std::discrete_distribution<> dist(probs.begin(), probs.end());

int idx = dist(rng);

return logits_id[idx].second;

const int nb = k / qk;

const size_t bs = (sizeof(float) + sizeof(uint8_t)*qk/2);

const size_t row_size = nb*bs;

assert(k % qk == 0);

const size_t pp_size = qk / 2;

uint8_t *pp = static_cast<uint8_t*>(alloca(pp_size));

char * pdst = (char *) dst;

for (int j = 0; j < n; j += k) {

uint8_t * pd = (uint8_t *) (pdst + (j/k)*row_size + 0*bs);

uint8_t * pb = (uint8_t *) (pdst + (j/k)*row_size + 0*bs + sizeof(float));

for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {

float amax = 0.0f; // absolute max

{

for (int l = 0; l < qk; l++) {

const float v = src[j + i*qk + l];

amax = std::max(amax, fabsf(v));

}

const float d = amax / ((1 << 3) - 1);

const float id = d ? 1.0f/d : 0.0f;

*(float *) pd = d;

pd += bs;

for (int l = 0; l < qk; l += 2) {

const float v0 = (src[j + i*qk + l + 0])*id;

const float v1 = (src[j + i*qk + l + 1])*id;

const uint8_t vi0 = ((int8_t) (round(v0))) + 8;

const uint8_t vi1 = ((int8_t) (round(v1))) + 8;

assert(vi0 >= 0 && vi0 < 16);

assert(vi1 >= 0 && vi1 < 16);

hist[vi0]++;

hist[vi1]++;

pp[l/2] = vi0 | (vi1 << 4);

}

memcpy(pb, pp, pp_size);

pb += bs;

}

}

}

return (n/k)*row_size;

const int nb = k / qk;

const size_t bs = (2*sizeof(float) + sizeof(uint8_t)*qk/2);

const size_t row_size = nb*bs;

assert(k % qk == 0);

const size_t pp_size = qk / 2;

uint8_t *pp = static_cast<uint8_t*>(alloca(pp_size));

char * pdst = (char *) dst;

for (int j = 0; j < n; j += k) {

uint8_t * pd = (uint8_t *) (pdst + (j/k)*row_size + 0*bs);

uint8_t * pm = (uint8_t *) (pdst + (j/k)*row_size + 0*bs + sizeof(float));

uint8_t * pb = (uint8_t *) (pdst + (j/k)*row_size + 0*bs + 2*sizeof(float));

//printf("n = %d, k = %d, nb = %d, row_size = %d, j = %d, pm = %p, pd = %p, pb = %p\n", n, k, nb, row_size, j, pm, pd, pb);

for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {

float min = std::numeric_limits<float>::max();

float max = std::numeric_limits<float>::min();

{

for (int l = 0; l < qk; l++) {

const float v = src[j + i*qk + l];

if (v < min) min = v;

if (v > max) max = v;

}

const float d = (max - min) / ((1 << 4) - 1);

const float id = d ? 1.0f/d : 0.0f;

*(float *) pd = d;

*(float *) pm = min;

pd += bs;

pm += bs;

for (int l = 0; l < qk; l += 2) {

const float v0 = (src[j + i*qk + l + 0] - min)*id;

const float v1 = (src[j + i*qk + l + 1] - min)*id;

const uint8_t vi0 = round(v0);

const uint8_t vi1 = round(v1);

assert(vi0 >= 0 && vi0 < 16);

assert(vi1 >= 0 && vi1 < 16);

hist[vi0]++;

hist[vi1]++;

pp[l/2] = vi0 | (vi1 << 4);

}

memcpy(pb, pp, pp_size);

pb += bs;

}

}

}

return (n/k)*row_size;