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import contextlib
import functools
import itertools
import uuid
from sqlalchemy import and_
from sqlalchemy import ARRAY
from sqlalchemy import bindparam
from sqlalchemy import DateTime
from sqlalchemy import event
from sqlalchemy import exc
from sqlalchemy import ForeignKey
from sqlalchemy import func
from sqlalchemy import Identity
from sqlalchemy import insert
from sqlalchemy import insert_sentinel
from sqlalchemy import INT
from sqlalchemy import Integer
from sqlalchemy import literal
from sqlalchemy import select
from sqlalchemy import Sequence
from sqlalchemy import sql
from sqlalchemy import String
from sqlalchemy import testing
from sqlalchemy import TypeDecorator
from sqlalchemy import Uuid
from sqlalchemy import VARCHAR
from sqlalchemy.engine import cursor as _cursor
from sqlalchemy.sql.compiler import InsertmanyvaluesSentinelOpts
from sqlalchemy.testing import assert_raises_message
from sqlalchemy.testing import config
from sqlalchemy.testing import eq_
from sqlalchemy.testing import expect_raises
from sqlalchemy.testing import expect_raises_message
from sqlalchemy.testing import expect_warnings
from sqlalchemy.testing import fixtures
from sqlalchemy.testing import is_
from sqlalchemy.testing import mock
from sqlalchemy.testing import provision
from sqlalchemy.testing.fixtures import insertmanyvalues_fixture
from sqlalchemy.testing.provision import normalize_sequence
from sqlalchemy.testing.schema import Column
from sqlalchemy.testing.schema import Table
class ExpectExpr:
def __init__(self, element):
self.element = element
def __clause_element__(self):
return self.element
class InsertExecTest(fixtures.TablesTest):
__backend__ = True
@classmethod
def define_tables(cls, metadata):
Table(
"users",
metadata,
Column(
"user_id", INT, primary_key=True, test_needs_autoincrement=True
),
Column("user_name", VARCHAR(20)),
test_needs_acid=True,
)
@testing.requires.multivalues_inserts
@testing.combinations("string", "column", "expect", argnames="keytype")
def test_multivalues_insert(self, connection, keytype):
users = self.tables.users
if keytype == "string":
user_id, user_name = "user_id", "user_name"
elif keytype == "column":
user_id, user_name = users.c.user_id, users.c.user_name
elif keytype == "expect":
user_id, user_name = ExpectExpr(users.c.user_id), ExpectExpr(
users.c.user_name
)
else:
assert False
connection.execute(
users.insert().values(
[
{user_id: 7, user_name: "jack"},
{user_id: 8, user_name: "ed"},
]
)
)
rows = connection.execute(
users.select().order_by(users.c.user_id)
).all()
eq_(rows[0], (7, "jack"))
eq_(rows[1], (8, "ed"))
connection.execute(users.insert().values([(9, "jack"), (10, "ed")]))
rows = connection.execute(
users.select().order_by(users.c.user_id)
).all()
eq_(rows[2], (9, "jack"))
eq_(rows[3], (10, "ed"))
def test_insert_heterogeneous_params(self, connection):
"""test that executemany parameters are asserted to match the
parameter set of the first."""
users = self.tables.users
assert_raises_message(
exc.StatementError,
r"\(sqlalchemy.exc.InvalidRequestError\) A value is required for "
"bind parameter 'user_name', in "
"parameter group 2\n"
r"\[SQL: u?INSERT INTO users",
connection.execute,
users.insert(),
[
{"user_id": 7, "user_name": "jack"},
{"user_id": 8, "user_name": "ed"},
{"user_id": 9},
],
)
# this succeeds however. We aren't yet doing
# a length check on all subsequent parameters.
connection.execute(
users.insert(),
[
{"user_id": 7},
{"user_id": 8, "user_name": "ed"},
{"user_id": 9},
],
)
def _test_lastrow_accessor(self, connection, table_, values, assertvalues):
"""Tests the inserted_primary_key and lastrow_has_id() functions."""
def insert_values(table_, values):
"""
Inserts a row into a table, returns the full list of values
INSERTed including defaults that fired off on the DB side and
detects rows that had defaults and post-fetches.
"""
# verify implicit_returning is working
if (
connection.dialect.insert_returning
and table_.implicit_returning
and not connection.dialect.postfetch_lastrowid
):
ins = table_.insert()
comp = ins.compile(connection, column_keys=list(values))
if not set(values).issuperset(
c.key for c in table_.primary_key
):
is_(bool(comp.returning), True)
result = connection.execute(table_.insert(), values)
ret = values.copy()
ipk = result.inserted_primary_key
for col, id_ in zip(table_.primary_key, ipk):
ret[col.key] = id_
if result.lastrow_has_defaults():
criterion = and_(
*[
col == id_
for col, id_ in zip(
table_.primary_key, result.inserted_primary_key
)
]
)
row = connection.execute(
table_.select().where(criterion)
).first()
for c in table_.c:
ret[c.key] = row._mapping[c]
return ret, ipk
table_.create(connection, checkfirst=True)
i, ipk = insert_values(table_, values)
eq_(i, assertvalues)
# named tuple tests
for col in table_.primary_key:
eq_(getattr(ipk, col.key), assertvalues[col.key])
eq_(ipk._mapping[col.key], assertvalues[col.key])
eq_(ipk._fields, tuple([col.key for col in table_.primary_key]))
@testing.requires.supports_autoincrement_w_composite_pk
@testing.combinations(
(True, testing.requires.insert_returning),
(False,),
argnames="implicit_returning",
)
def test_lastrow_accessor_one(
self, metadata, connection, implicit_returning
):
self._test_lastrow_accessor(
connection,
Table(
"t1",
metadata,
Column(
"id",
Integer,
primary_key=True,
test_needs_autoincrement=True,
),
Column("foo", String(30), primary_key=True),
implicit_returning=implicit_returning,
),
{"foo": "hi"},
{"id": 1, "foo": "hi"},
)
@testing.requires.supports_autoincrement_w_composite_pk
@testing.combinations(
(True, testing.requires.insert_returning),
(False,),
argnames="implicit_returning",
)
def test_lastrow_accessor_two(
self, metadata, connection, implicit_returning
):
self._test_lastrow_accessor(
connection,
Table(
"t2",
metadata,
Column(
"id",
Integer,
primary_key=True,
test_needs_autoincrement=True,
),
Column("foo", String(30), primary_key=True),
Column("bar", String(30), server_default="hi"),
implicit_returning=implicit_returning,
),
{"foo": "hi"},
{"id": 1, "foo": "hi", "bar": "hi"},
)
@testing.combinations(
(True, testing.requires.insert_returning),
(False,),
argnames="implicit_returning",
)
def test_lastrow_accessor_three(
self, metadata, connection, implicit_returning
):
self._test_lastrow_accessor(
connection,
Table(
"t3",
metadata,
Column("id", String(40), primary_key=True),
Column("foo", String(30), primary_key=True),
Column("bar", String(30)),
implicit_returning=implicit_returning,
),
{"id": "hi", "foo": "thisisfoo", "bar": "thisisbar"},
{"id": "hi", "foo": "thisisfoo", "bar": "thisisbar"},
)
@testing.requires.sequences
@testing.combinations(
(True, testing.requires.insert_returning),
(False,),
argnames="implicit_returning",
)
def test_lastrow_accessor_four(
self, metadata, connection, implicit_returning
):
self._test_lastrow_accessor(
connection,
Table(
"t4",
metadata,
Column(
"id",
Integer,
normalize_sequence(
config, Sequence("t4_id_seq", optional=True)
),
primary_key=True,
),
Column("foo", String(30), primary_key=True),
Column("bar", String(30), server_default="hi"),
implicit_returning=implicit_returning,
),
{"foo": "hi", "id": 1},
{"id": 1, "foo": "hi", "bar": "hi"},
)
@testing.requires.sequences
@testing.combinations(
(True, testing.requires.insert_returning),
(False,),
argnames="implicit_returning",
)
def test_lastrow_accessor_four_a(
self, metadata, connection, implicit_returning
):
self._test_lastrow_accessor(
connection,
Table(
"t4",
metadata,
Column(
"id",
Integer,
normalize_sequence(config, Sequence("t4_id_seq")),
primary_key=True,
),
Column("foo", String(30)),
implicit_returning=implicit_returning,
),
{"foo": "hi"},
{"id": 1, "foo": "hi"},
)
@testing.combinations(
(True, testing.requires.insert_returning),
(False,),
argnames="implicit_returning",
)
def test_lastrow_accessor_five(
self, metadata, connection, implicit_returning
):
self._test_lastrow_accessor(
connection,
Table(
"t5",
metadata,
Column("id", String(10), primary_key=True),
Column("bar", String(30), server_default="hi"),
implicit_returning=implicit_returning,
),
{"id": "id1"},
{"id": "id1", "bar": "hi"},
)
@testing.requires.supports_autoincrement_w_composite_pk
@testing.combinations(
(True, testing.requires.insert_returning),
(False,),
argnames="implicit_returning",
)
def test_lastrow_accessor_six(
self, metadata, connection, implicit_returning
):
self._test_lastrow_accessor(
connection,
Table(
"t6",
metadata,
Column(
"id",
Integer,
primary_key=True,
test_needs_autoincrement=True,
),
Column("bar", Integer, primary_key=True),
implicit_returning=implicit_returning,
),
{"bar": 0},
{"id": 1, "bar": 0},
)
# TODO: why not in the sqlite suite?
@testing.only_on("sqlite+pysqlite")
def test_lastrowid_zero(self, metadata, connection):
from sqlalchemy.dialects import sqlite
class ExcCtx(sqlite.base.SQLiteExecutionContext):
def get_lastrowid(self):
return 0
t = Table(
"t",
self.metadata,
Column("x", Integer, primary_key=True),
Column("y", Integer),
implicit_returning=False,
)
t.create(connection)
with mock.patch.object(
connection.dialect, "execution_ctx_cls", ExcCtx
):
r = connection.execute(t.insert().values(y=5))
eq_(r.inserted_primary_key, (0,))
@testing.requires.supports_autoincrement_w_composite_pk
def test_misordered_lastrow(self, connection, metadata):
related = Table(
"related",
metadata,
Column("id", Integer, primary_key=True),
mysql_engine="MyISAM",
mariadb_engine="MyISAM",
)
t6 = Table(
"t6",
metadata,
Column(
"manual_id",
Integer,
ForeignKey("related.id"),
primary_key=True,
),
Column(
"auto_id",
Integer,
primary_key=True,
test_needs_autoincrement=True,
),
mysql_engine="MyISAM",
mariadb_engine="MyISAM",
)
metadata.create_all(connection)
r = connection.execute(related.insert().values(id=12))
id_ = r.inserted_primary_key[0]
eq_(id_, 12)
r = connection.execute(t6.insert().values(manual_id=id_))
eq_(r.inserted_primary_key, (12, 1))
def test_implicit_id_insert_select_columns(self, connection):
users = self.tables.users
stmt = users.insert().from_select(
(users.c.user_id, users.c.user_name),
users.select().where(users.c.user_id == 20),
)
r = connection.execute(stmt)
eq_(r.inserted_primary_key, (None,))
def test_implicit_id_insert_select_keys(self, connection):
users = self.tables.users
stmt = users.insert().from_select(
["user_id", "user_name"],
users.select().where(users.c.user_id == 20),
)
r = connection.execute(stmt)
eq_(r.inserted_primary_key, (None,))
@testing.requires.empty_inserts
@testing.requires.insert_returning
def test_no_inserted_pk_on_returning(
self, connection, close_result_when_finished
):
users = self.tables.users
result = connection.execute(
users.insert().returning(users.c.user_id, users.c.user_name)
)
close_result_when_finished(result)
assert_raises_message(
exc.InvalidRequestError,
r"Can't call inserted_primary_key when returning\(\) is used.",
getattr,
result,
"inserted_primary_key",
)
class TableInsertTest(fixtures.TablesTest):
"""test for consistent insert behavior across dialects
regarding the inline() method, values() method, lower-case 't' tables.
"""
run_create_tables = "each"
__backend__ = True
@classmethod
def define_tables(cls, metadata):
Table(
"foo",
metadata,
Column(
"id",
Integer,
normalize_sequence(config, Sequence("t_id_seq")),
primary_key=True,
),
Column("data", String(50)),
Column("x", Integer),
)
Table(
"foo_no_seq",
metadata,
# note this will have full AUTO INCREMENT on MariaDB
# whereas "foo" will not due to sequence support
Column(
"id",
Integer,
primary_key=True,
),
Column("data", String(50)),
Column("x", Integer),
)
def _fixture(self, types=True):
if types:
t = sql.table(
"foo",
sql.column("id", Integer),
sql.column("data", String),
sql.column("x", Integer),
)
else:
t = sql.table(
"foo", sql.column("id"), sql.column("data"), sql.column("x")
)
return t
def _test(
self,
connection,
stmt,
row,
returning=None,
inserted_primary_key=False,
table=None,
parameters=None,
):
if parameters is not None:
r = connection.execute(stmt, parameters)
else:
r = connection.execute(stmt)
if returning:
returned = r.first()
eq_(returned, returning)
elif inserted_primary_key is not False:
eq_(r.inserted_primary_key, inserted_primary_key)
if table is None:
table = self.tables.foo
eq_(connection.execute(table.select()).first(), row)
def _test_multi(self, connection, stmt, rows, data):
connection.execute(stmt, rows)
eq_(
connection.execute(
self.tables.foo.select().order_by(self.tables.foo.c.id)
).all(),
data,
)
@testing.requires.sequences
def test_explicit_sequence(self, connection):
t = self._fixture()
self._test(
connection,
t.insert().values(
id=func.next_value(
normalize_sequence(config, Sequence("t_id_seq"))
),
data="data",
x=5,
),
(testing.db.dialect.default_sequence_base, "data", 5),
)
def test_uppercase(self, connection):
t = self.tables.foo
self._test(
connection,
t.insert().values(id=1, data="data", x=5),
(1, "data", 5),
inserted_primary_key=(1,),
)
def test_uppercase_inline(self, connection):
t = self.tables.foo
self._test(
connection,
t.insert().inline().values(id=1, data="data", x=5),
(1, "data", 5),
inserted_primary_key=(1,),
)
@testing.crashes(
"mssql+pyodbc",
"Pyodbc + SQL Server + Py3K, some decimal handling issue",
)
def test_uppercase_inline_implicit(self, connection):
t = self.tables.foo
self._test(
connection,
t.insert().inline().values(data="data", x=5),
(1, "data", 5),
inserted_primary_key=(None,),
)
def test_uppercase_implicit(self, connection):
t = self.tables.foo
self._test(
connection,
t.insert().values(data="data", x=5),
(testing.db.dialect.default_sequence_base, "data", 5),
inserted_primary_key=(testing.db.dialect.default_sequence_base,),
)
def test_uppercase_direct_params(self, connection):
t = self.tables.foo
self._test(
connection,
t.insert().values(id=1, data="data", x=5),
(1, "data", 5),
inserted_primary_key=(1,),
)
@testing.requires.insert_returning
def test_uppercase_direct_params_returning(self, connection):
t = self.tables.foo
self._test(
connection,
t.insert().values(id=1, data="data", x=5).returning(t.c.id, t.c.x),
(1, "data", 5),
returning=(1, 5),
)
@testing.requires.sql_expressions_inserted_as_primary_key
def test_sql_expr_lastrowid(self, connection):
# see also test.orm.test_unitofwork.py
# ClauseAttributesTest.test_insert_pk_expression
t = self.tables.foo_no_seq
self._test(
connection,
t.insert().values(id=literal(5) + 10, data="data", x=5),
(15, "data", 5),
inserted_primary_key=(15,),
table=self.tables.foo_no_seq,
)
def test_direct_params(self, connection):
t = self._fixture()
self._test(
connection,
t.insert().values(id=1, data="data", x=5),
(1, "data", 5),
inserted_primary_key=(),
)
@testing.requires.insert_returning
def test_direct_params_returning(self, connection):
t = self._fixture()
self._test(
connection,
t.insert().values(id=1, data="data", x=5).returning(t.c.id, t.c.x),
(testing.db.dialect.default_sequence_base, "data", 5),
returning=(testing.db.dialect.default_sequence_base, 5),
)
# there's a non optional Sequence in the metadata, which if the dialect
# supports sequences, it means the CREATE TABLE should *not* have
# autoincrement, so the INSERT below would fail because the "t" fixture
# does not indicate the Sequence
@testing.fails_if(testing.requires.sequences)
@testing.requires.emulated_lastrowid
def test_implicit_pk(self, connection):
t = self._fixture()
self._test(
connection,
t.insert().values(data="data", x=5),
(testing.db.dialect.default_sequence_base, "data", 5),
inserted_primary_key=(),
)
@testing.fails_if(testing.requires.sequences)
@testing.requires.emulated_lastrowid
def test_implicit_pk_multi_rows(self, connection):
t = self._fixture()
self._test_multi(
connection,
t.insert(),
[
{"data": "d1", "x": 5},
{"data": "d2", "x": 6},
{"data": "d3", "x": 7},
],
[(1, "d1", 5), (2, "d2", 6), (3, "d3", 7)],
)
@testing.fails_if(testing.requires.sequences)
@testing.requires.emulated_lastrowid
def test_implicit_pk_inline(self, connection):
t = self._fixture()
self._test(
connection,
t.insert().inline().values(data="data", x=5),
(testing.db.dialect.default_sequence_base, "data", 5),
inserted_primary_key=(),
)
@testing.requires.database_discards_null_for_autoincrement
def test_explicit_null_pk_values_db_ignores_it(self, connection):
"""test new use case in #7998"""
# NOTE: this use case uses cursor.lastrowid on SQLite, MySQL, MariaDB,
# however when SQLAlchemy 2.0 adds support for RETURNING to SQLite
# and MariaDB, it should work there as well.
t = self.tables.foo_no_seq
self._test(
connection,
t.insert().values(id=None, data="data", x=5),
(testing.db.dialect.default_sequence_base, "data", 5),
inserted_primary_key=(testing.db.dialect.default_sequence_base,),
table=t,
)
@testing.requires.database_discards_null_for_autoincrement
def test_explicit_null_pk_params_db_ignores_it(self, connection):
"""test new use case in #7998"""
# NOTE: this use case uses cursor.lastrowid on SQLite, MySQL, MariaDB,
# however when SQLAlchemy 2.0 adds support for RETURNING to SQLite
# and MariaDB, it should work there as well.
t = self.tables.foo_no_seq
self._test(
connection,
t.insert(),
(testing.db.dialect.default_sequence_base, "data", 5),
inserted_primary_key=(testing.db.dialect.default_sequence_base,),
table=t,
parameters=dict(id=None, data="data", x=5),
)
class InsertManyValuesTest(fixtures.RemovesEvents, fixtures.TablesTest):
__backend__ = True
__requires__ = ("insertmanyvalues",)
@classmethod
def define_tables(cls, metadata):
Table(
"data",
metadata,
Column("id", Integer, primary_key=True),
Column("x", String(50)),
Column("y", String(50)),
Column("z", Integer, server_default="5"),
)
Table(
"Unitéble2",
metadata,
Column("méil", Integer, primary_key=True),
Column("\u6e2c\u8a66", Integer),
)
Table(
"extra_table",
metadata,
Column("id", Integer, primary_key=True),
Column("x_value", String(50)),
Column("y_value", String(50)),
)
def test_insert_unicode_keys(self, connection):
table = self.tables["Unitéble2"]
stmt = table.insert().returning(table.c["méil"])
connection.execute(
stmt,
[
{"méil": 1, "\u6e2c\u8a66": 1},
{"méil": 2, "\u6e2c\u8a66": 2},
{"méil": 3, "\u6e2c\u8a66": 3},
],
)
eq_(connection.execute(table.select()).all(), [(1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3)])
@testing.variation("preserve_rowcount", [True, False])
def test_insert_returning_values(self, connection, preserve_rowcount):
t = self.tables.data
conn = connection
page_size = conn.dialect.insertmanyvalues_page_size or 100
data = [
{"x": "x%d" % i, "y": "y%d" % i}
for i in range(1, page_size * 2 + 27)
]
if preserve_rowcount:
eo = {"preserve_rowcount": True}
else:
eo = {}
result = conn.execute(
t.insert().returning(t.c.x, t.c.y), data, execution_options=eo
)
eq_([tup[0] for tup in result.cursor.description], ["x", "y"])
eq_(result.keys(), ["x", "y"])
assert t.c.x in result.keys()
assert t.c.id not in result.keys()
assert not result._soft_closed
assert isinstance(
result.cursor_strategy,
_cursor.FullyBufferedCursorFetchStrategy,
)
assert not result.closed
eq_(result.mappings().all(), data)
assert result._soft_closed
# assert result.closed
assert result.cursor is None
if preserve_rowcount:
eq_(result.rowcount, len(data))
def test_insert_returning_preexecute_pk(self, metadata, connection):
counter = itertools.count(1)
t = Table(
"t",
self.metadata,
Column(
"id",
Integer,
primary_key=True,
default=lambda: next(counter),
),
Column("data", Integer),
)
metadata.create_all(connection)
result = connection.execute(
t.insert().return_defaults(),
[{"data": 1}, {"data": 2}, {"data": 3}],
)
eq_(result.inserted_primary_key_rows, [(1,), (2,), (3,)])
@testing.requires.ctes_on_dml
@testing.variation("add_expr_returning", [True, False])
def test_insert_w_bindparam_in_nested_insert(
self, connection, add_expr_returning
):
"""test related to #9173"""
data, extra_table = self.tables("data", "extra_table")
inst = (
extra_table.insert()
.values(x_value="x", y_value="y")
.returning(extra_table.c.id)
.cte("inst")
)
stmt = (
data.insert()
.values(x="the x", z=select(inst.c.id).scalar_subquery())
.add_cte(inst)
)
if add_expr_returning:
stmt = stmt.returning(data.c.id, data.c.y + " returned y")
else:
stmt = stmt.returning(data.c.id)
result = connection.execute(
stmt,
[
{"y": "y1"},
{"y": "y2"},
{"y": "y3"},
],
)
result_rows = result.all()
ids = [row[0] for row in result_rows]
extra_row = connection.execute(
select(extra_table).order_by(extra_table.c.id)
).one()
extra_row_id = extra_row[0]
eq_(extra_row, (extra_row_id, "x", "y"))
eq_(
connection.execute(select(data).order_by(data.c.id)).all(),
[
(ids[0], "the x", "y1", extra_row_id),
(ids[1], "the x", "y2", extra_row_id),
(ids[2], "the x", "y3", extra_row_id),
],
)
@testing.requires.provisioned_upsert
def test_upsert_w_returning(self, connection):
"""test cases that will execise SQL similar to that of
test/orm/dml/test_bulk_statements.py
"""
data = self.tables.data
initial_data = [
{"x": "x1", "y": "y1", "z": 4},
{"x": "x2", "y": "y2", "z": 8},
]
ids = connection.scalars(
data.insert().returning(data.c.id), initial_data
).all()
upsert_data = [
{
"id": ids[0],
"x": "x1",
"y": "y1",
},
{
"id": 32,
"x": "x19",
"y": "y7",
},
{
"id": ids[1],
"x": "x5",
"y": "y6",
},
{
"id": 28,
"x": "x9",
"y": "y15",
},
]
stmt = provision.upsert(
config,
data,
(data,),
set_lambda=lambda inserted: {"x": inserted.x + " upserted"},
)
result = connection.execute(stmt, upsert_data)
eq_(
result.all(),
[
(ids[0], "x1 upserted", "y1", 4),
(32, "x19", "y7", 5),
(ids[1], "x5 upserted", "y2", 8),
(28, "x9", "y15", 5),
],
)
@testing.combinations(True, False, argnames="use_returning")
@testing.combinations(1, 2, argnames="num_embedded_params")
@testing.combinations(True, False, argnames="use_whereclause")
@testing.crashes(
"+mariadbconnector",
"returning crashes, regular executemany malfunctions",
)
def test_insert_w_bindparam_in_subq(
self, connection, use_returning, num_embedded_params, use_whereclause
):
"""test #8639
see also test_insert_w_bindparam_in_nested_insert
"""
t = self.tables.data
extra = self.tables.extra_table
conn = connection
connection.execute(
extra.insert(),
[
{"x_value": "p1", "y_value": "yv1"},
{"x_value": "p2", "y_value": "yv2"},
{"x_value": "p1_p1", "y_value": "yv3"},
{"x_value": "p2_p2", "y_value": "yv4"},
],
)
if num_embedded_params == 1:
if use_whereclause:
scalar_subq = select(bindparam("paramname")).scalar_subquery()
params = [
{"paramname": "p1_p1", "y": "y1"},
{"paramname": "p2_p2", "y": "y2"},
]
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