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947 lines (674 loc) · 34.8 KB
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#!/usr/bin/env python3
#
# Cross Platform and Multi Architecture Advanced Binary Emulation Framework
#
import unittest
import string
import random
import os
import io
import re
import socket
import sys
import time
import threading
from ctypes import *
sys.path.append("..")
from typing import Any, Sequence
from qiling import Qiling
from qiling.const import QL_ARCH, QL_OS, QL_INTERCEPT, QL_STOP, QL_VERBOSE
from qiling.exception import *
from qiling.extensions import pipe
from qiling.os.const import STRING
from qiling.os.posix import syscall
from qiling.os.mapper import QlFsMappedObject
class ELFTest(unittest.TestCase):
def test_libpatch_elf_linux_x8664(self):
ql = Qiling(["../examples/rootfs/x8664_linux/bin/patch_test.bin"], "../examples/rootfs/x8664_linux")
ql.patch(0x0000000000000575, b'qiling\x00', target='libpatch_test.so')
ql.run()
del ql
def test_elf_freebsd_x8664(self):
ql = Qiling(["../examples/rootfs/x8664_freebsd/bin/x8664_hello_asm"], "../examples/rootfs/x8664_freebsd", verbose=QL_VERBOSE.DUMP)
ql.run()
del ql
def test_elf_partial_linux_x8664(self):
snapshot_file = r'/tmp/snapshot.bin'
def dump(ql: Qiling, *args, **kw):
ql.save(reg=False, cpu_context=True, snapshot=snapshot_file)
ql.emu_stop()
ql = Qiling(["../examples/rootfs/x8664_linux/bin/sleep_hello"], "../examples/rootfs/x8664_linux", verbose=QL_VERBOSE.DEFAULT)
load_address = ql.profile.getint("OS64", "load_address")
ql.hook_address(dump, load_address + 0x1094)
ql.run()
ql = Qiling(["../examples/rootfs/x8664_linux/bin/sleep_hello"], "../examples/rootfs/x8664_linux", verbose=QL_VERBOSE.DEBUG)
load_address = ql.profile.getint("OS64", "load_address")
ql.restore(snapshot=snapshot_file)
begin_point = load_address + 0x109e
end_point = load_address + 0x10bc
ql.run(begin_point, end_point)
del ql
def test_elf_x_only_segment(self):
def stop(ql: Qiling):
ql.emu_stop()
ql = Qiling(["../examples/rootfs/x8664_linux/bin/sleep_hello_with_x_only_segment"], "../examples/rootfs/x8664_linux", verbose=QL_VERBOSE.DEBUG)
load_address = ql.profile.getint("OS64", "load_address")
ql.hook_address(stop, load_address + 0x1094)
ql.run()
del ql
def _test_elf_linux_x86_snapshot_restore_common(self, reg=False, ctx=False):
rootfs = "../examples/rootfs/x86_linux"
cmdline = ["../examples/rootfs/x86_linux/bin/x86_hello"]
snapshot = os.path.join(rootfs, 'snapshot_restore_reg_ctx.snapshot')
ql = Qiling(cmdline, rootfs, verbose=QL_VERBOSE.DEBUG)
load_address = ql.profile.getint("OS32", "load_address")
hook_address = load_address + 0x542 # call printf
def dump(ql: Qiling):
ql.save(reg=reg, cpu_context=ctx, os=True, loader=True, snapshot=snapshot)
ql.emu_stop()
ql.hook_address(dump, hook_address)
ql.run()
# make sure that the ending PC is the same as the hook address because dump stops the emulater
self.assertEqual(ql.arch.regs.arch_pc, hook_address)
del ql
ql = Qiling(cmdline, rootfs, verbose=QL_VERBOSE.DEBUG)
ql.restore(snapshot=snapshot)
# ensure that the starting PC is same as the PC we stopped on when taking the snapshot
self.assertEqual(ql.arch.regs.arch_pc, hook_address)
ql.run(begin=hook_address)
del ql
os.remove(snapshot)
def test_elf_linux_x86_snapshot_restore_reg(self):
self._test_elf_linux_x86_snapshot_restore_common(reg=True, ctx=False)
def test_elf_linux_x86_snapshot_restore_ctx(self):
self._test_elf_linux_x86_snapshot_restore_common(reg=False, ctx=True)
def test_elf_linux_x86_snapshot_restore_reg_ctx(self):
self._test_elf_linux_x86_snapshot_restore_common(reg=True, ctx=True)
PARAMS_PUTS = {'s': STRING}
def test_elf_linux_x8664(self):
checklist = {}
def my_puts(ql: Qiling):
params = ql.os.resolve_fcall_params(ELFTest.PARAMS_PUTS)
print(f'puts("{params["s"]}")')
reg = ql.arch.regs.rax
print(f'reg : {reg:#x}')
checklist['set_api'] = reg
def write_onEnter(ql: Qiling, fd: int, str_ptr: int, str_len: int):
checklist['set_syscall_onenter'] = True
print("enter write syscall!")
# override syscall pc (ignored) and set of params with our own
return None, (fd, str_ptr + 1, str_len - 1)
def write_onexit(ql: Qiling, fd: int, str_ptr: int, str_len: int, retval: int):
checklist['set_syscall_onexit'] = True
print("exit write syscall!")
# override syscall return value with our own
return str_len + 1
ql = Qiling(["../examples/rootfs/x8664_linux/bin/x8664_args", "1234test", "12345678", "bin/x8664_hello"], "../examples/rootfs/x8664_linux", verbose=QL_VERBOSE.DEBUG)
ql.os.set_syscall(1, write_onEnter, QL_INTERCEPT.ENTER)
ql.os.set_syscall(1, write_onexit, QL_INTERCEPT.EXIT)
ql.os.set_api('puts', my_puts)
blob = bytes.fromhex("ff fe fd fc fb fa fb fc fc fe fd")
ql.mem.map(0x1000, 0x1000)
ql.mem.write(0x1000, blob)
ql.mem.map(0x2000, 0x1000)
ql.mem.write(0x2000, blob)
ql.run()
self.assertListEqual([0x1000, 0x2000], ql.mem.search(blob))
self.assertEqual(0x5555555546ca, checklist['set_api'])
self.assertTrue(checklist['set_syscall_onenter'])
self.assertTrue(checklist['set_syscall_onexit'])
del ql
def test_elf_hijackapi_linux_x8664(self):
checklist = {}
def my_puts_enter(ql: Qiling):
params = ql.os.resolve_fcall_params(ELFTest.PARAMS_PUTS)
checklist['enter_str'] = params["s"]
def my_puts_exit(ql):
checklist['exit_rdi'] = ql.arch.regs.rdi
ql = Qiling(["../examples/rootfs/x8664_linux/bin/x8664_puts"], "../examples/rootfs/x8664_linux", verbose=QL_VERBOSE.DEBUG)
ql.os.set_api('puts', my_puts_enter, QL_INTERCEPT.ENTER)
ql.os.set_api('puts', my_puts_exit, QL_INTERCEPT.EXIT)
ql.run()
self.assertIn(checklist['exit_rdi'], (0x1, 0x7fffb81c2760))
self.assertEqual("CCCC", checklist['enter_str'])
del ql
def test_elf_linux_x8664_flex_api(self):
opened = []
def onenter_fopen(ql: Qiling):
params = ql.os.resolve_fcall_params({
'filename' : STRING,
'mode' : STRING
})
# log opened filenames
opened.append(params['filename'])
def hook_main(ql: Qiling):
# set up fopen hook when reaching main
ql.os.set_api('fopen', onenter_fopen, QL_INTERCEPT.ENTER)
ql = Qiling(["../examples/rootfs/x8664_linux/bin/x8664_fetch_urandom"], "../examples/rootfs/x8664_linux", verbose=QL_VERBOSE.DEFAULT)
ba = ql.loader.images[0].base
ql.hook_address(hook_main, ba + 0x10e0)
ql.run()
del ql
# test whether we interpected opening urandom
self.assertListEqual(opened, [r'/dev/urandom'])
def test_elf_linux_x8664_static(self):
ql = Qiling(["../examples/rootfs/x8664_linux/bin/x8664_hello_static"], "../examples/rootfs/x8664_linux", verbose=QL_VERBOSE.DEBUG)
ql.run()
del ql
def test_elf_linux_x86(self):
filename = 'test.qlog'
ql = Qiling(["../examples/rootfs/x86_linux/bin/x86_hello"], "../examples/rootfs/x86_linux", verbose=QL_VERBOSE.DEBUG, log_devices=[filename])
ql.run()
ql._log_file_fd.handlers[0].close() # prevent FD leak that causes downstream issues
os.remove(filename)
del ql
def test_elf_linux_x86_static(self):
ql = Qiling(["../examples/rootfs/x86_linux/bin/x86_hello_static"], "../examples/rootfs/x86_linux", verbose=QL_VERBOSE.DEBUG)
ql.run()
del ql
def posix_syscall_test(self, argv: str, rootfs: str, syscalls: Sequence[str]):
"""A generic method to test out POSIX system calls hooking.
"""
checklist = []
def test_syscall_read(ql: Qiling, fd: int, buf: int, count: int):
retval = syscall.ql_syscall_read(ql, fd, buf, count)
hpath = ql.os.fd[fd].name
if os.path.basename(hpath) == "test_syscall_read.txt":
mcontent = ql.mem.read(buf, count)
with open(hpath, 'rb') as infile:
fcontent = infile.read()
if ql.host.os is not QL_OS.WINDOWS:
os.remove(hpath)
self.assertEqual(mcontent, fcontent)
checklist.append('read')
return retval
def test_syscall_write(ql: Qiling, fd: int, buf: int, count: int):
retval = syscall.ql_syscall_write(ql, fd, buf, count)
hpath = ql.os.fd[fd].name
if os.path.basename(hpath) == "test_syscall_write.txt":
mcontent = ql.mem.read(buf, count)
with open(hpath, 'rb') as infile:
fcontent = infile.read()
if ql.host.os is not QL_OS.WINDOWS:
os.remove(hpath)
self.assertEqual(mcontent, fcontent)
checklist.append('write')
return retval
def test_syscall_open(ql: Qiling, path: int, flags: int, mode: int):
retval = syscall.ql_syscall_open(ql, path, flags, mode)
vpath = ql.os.utils.read_cstring(path)
if vpath == "test_syscall_open.txt":
hpath = ql.os.path.virtual_to_host_path(vpath)
self.assertTrue(os.path.isfile(hpath))
checklist.append('open')
if ql.host.os is not QL_OS.WINDOWS:
os.remove(hpath)
return retval
def test_syscall_openat(ql: Qiling, fd: int, path: int, flags: int, mode: int):
retval = syscall.ql_syscall_openat(ql, fd, path, flags, mode)
vpath = ql.os.utils.read_cstring(path)
if vpath == "test_syscall_open.txt":
hpath = ql.os.path.virtual_to_host_path(vpath)
self.assertTrue(os.path.isfile(hpath))
checklist.append('openat')
if ql.host.os is not QL_OS.WINDOWS:
os.remove(hpath)
return retval
def test_syscall_unlink(ql: Qiling, path: int):
retval = syscall.ql_syscall_unlink(ql, path)
vpath = ql.os.utils.read_cstring(path)
if vpath == "test_syscall_unlink.txt":
hpath = ql.os.path.virtual_to_host_path(vpath)
self.assertFalse(os.path.isfile(hpath))
checklist.append('unlink')
return retval
def test_syscall_unlinkat(ql: Qiling, fd: int, path: int, flags: int):
retval = syscall.ql_syscall_unlinkat(ql, fd, path, flags)
vpath = ql.os.utils.read_cstring(path)
if vpath == "test_syscall_unlink.txt":
hpath = ql.os.path.virtual_to_host_path(vpath)
self.assertFalse(os.path.isfile(hpath))
checklist.append('unlinkat')
return retval
def test_syscall_truncate(ql: Qiling, path: int, length: int):
retval = syscall.ql_syscall_truncate(ql, path, length)
vpath = ql.os.utils.read_cstring(path)
if vpath == "test_syscall_truncate.txt":
hpath = ql.os.path.virtual_to_host_path(vpath)
self.assertEqual(length, os.stat(hpath).st_size)
checklist.append('truncate')
if ql.host.os is not QL_OS.WINDOWS:
os.remove(hpath)
return retval
def test_syscall_ftruncate(ql: Qiling, fd: int, length: int):
retval = syscall.ql_syscall_ftruncate(ql, fd, length)
hpath = ql.os.fd[fd].name
if os.path.basename(hpath) == "test_syscall_ftruncate.txt":
self.assertEqual(length, os.stat(hpath).st_size)
checklist.append('ftruncate')
if ql.host.os is not QL_OS.WINDOWS:
os.remove(hpath)
return retval
hooks = {
'read' : test_syscall_read,
'write' : test_syscall_write,
'open' : test_syscall_open,
'openat' : test_syscall_openat,
'unlink' : test_syscall_unlink,
'unlinkat' : test_syscall_unlinkat,
'truncate' : test_syscall_truncate,
'ftruncate' : test_syscall_ftruncate,
}
ql = Qiling([f'{rootfs}{argv}'], rootfs, verbose=QL_VERBOSE.DEBUG)
# hook reuested system calls
for name in syscalls:
ql.os.set_syscall(name, hooks[name])
ql.run()
# make sure we visited them all
self.assertSequenceEqual(syscalls, checklist)
def test_elf_linux_x86_posix_syscall(self):
syscalls = ['openat', 'write', 'read', 'truncate', 'ftruncate', 'unlink']
self.posix_syscall_test(r'/bin/x86_posix_syscall', r'../examples/rootfs/x86_linux', syscalls)
def test_elf_linux_arm(self):
def my_puts(ql: Qiling):
params = ql.os.resolve_fcall_params(ELFTest.PARAMS_PUTS)
print(f'puts("{params["s"]}")')
all_mem = ql.mem.save()
ql.mem.restore(all_mem)
ql = Qiling(["../examples/rootfs/arm_linux/bin/arm_hello"], "../examples/rootfs/arm_linux", verbose=QL_VERBOSE.DEBUG)
ql.os.set_api('puts', my_puts)
ql.run()
del ql
def test_setsockopt_mips_so_rcvbuf(self):
# MIPS uses its own SO_* numbering (SO_RCVBUF = 0x1002, not the generic
# 0x08). The MIPS socket-option table had the wrong values, so e.g.
# busybox ping's setsockopt(SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, ...) raised
# NotImplementedError ("Could not convert emulated socket option 4098").
from qiling.const import QL_ENDIAN
from qiling.os.posix.syscall.socket import ql_syscall_socket, ql_syscall_setsockopt
ql = Qiling(code=b"\x00\x00\x00\x00", archtype=QL_ARCH.MIPS, ostype=QL_OS.LINUX,
endian=QL_ENDIAN.EB, rootfs="../examples/rootfs/mips32_linux",
verbose=QL_VERBOSE.OFF)
AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM = 2, 2
SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF = 0xffff, 0x1002 # MIPS values
fd = ql_syscall_socket(ql, AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0)
self.assertGreaterEqual(fd, 0)
base = 0x100000
ql.mem.map(base, 0x1000)
ql.mem.write_ptr(base, 16384, 4) # requested SO_RCVBUF size
# must map SO_RCVBUF (0x1002) to the host option and succeed, not raise
self.assertEqual(ql_syscall_setsockopt(ql, fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, base, 4), 0)
del ql
def test_elf_linux_arm_static(self):
ql = Qiling(["../examples/rootfs/arm_linux/bin/arm_hello_static"], "../examples/rootfs/arm_linux", verbose=QL_VERBOSE.DEFAULT)
all_mem = ql.mem.save()
ql.mem.restore(all_mem)
ql.run()
del ql
@unittest.skip('broken: ARM executable should be generated properly')
def test_elf_linux_arm_posix_syscall(self):
# TODO: check the list, it might be inacurate
syscalls = ['openat', 'write', 'read', 'truncate', 'ftruncate', 'unlink']
self.posix_syscall_test(r'/bin/arm_posix_syscall', r'../examples/rootfs/arm_linux', syscalls)
def test_elf_linux_arm64(self):
ql = Qiling(["../examples/rootfs/arm64_linux/bin/arm64_hello"], "../examples/rootfs/arm64_linux", verbose=QL_VERBOSE.DEBUG)
ql.run()
del ql
def test_elf_linux_arm64_static(self):
ql = Qiling(["../examples/rootfs/arm64_linux/bin/arm64_hello_static"], "../examples/rootfs/arm64_linux", verbose=QL_VERBOSE.DEFAULT)
ql.run()
del ql
def test_elf_linux_mips32eb_static(self):
ql = Qiling(["../examples/rootfs/mips32_linux/bin/mips32_hello_static"], "../examples/rootfs/mips32_linux")
ql.run()
del ql
@staticmethod
def random_generator(length: int):
chars = string.ascii_uppercase + string.digits
return ''.join(random.choices(chars, k=length))
def test_elf_linux_mips32eb(self):
ql = Qiling(["../examples/rootfs/mips32_linux/bin/mips32_hello", self.random_generator(64)], "../examples/rootfs/mips32_linux")
ql.run()
del ql
def test_mips32eb_fake_urandom(self):
class Fake_urandom(QlFsMappedObject):
def read(self, size: int):
return b'\x01' * size
def fstat(self):
return -1
def close(self):
return 0
ql = Qiling(["../examples/rootfs/mips32_linux/bin/mips32_fetch_urandom"], "../examples/rootfs/mips32_linux")
ql.add_fs_mapper("/dev/urandom", Fake_urandom())
ql.run()
del ql
def test_elf_onEnter_mips32el(self):
def my_puts_onenter(ql: Qiling):
params = ql.os.resolve_fcall_params(ELFTest.PARAMS_PUTS)
print(f'puts("{params["s"]}")')
params = ql.os.fcall.readParams(ELFTest.PARAMS_PUTS.values())
self.my_puts_onenter_addr = params[0]
return 2
ql = Qiling(["../examples/rootfs/mips32el_linux/bin/mips32el_double_hello"], "../examples/rootfs/mips32el_linux")
ql.os.set_api('puts', my_puts_onenter, QL_INTERCEPT.ENTER)
ql.run()
self.assertEqual(4196680, self.my_puts_onenter_addr)
del ql
def test_elf_linux_arm64_posix_syscall(self):
syscalls = ['openat', 'write', 'read', 'truncate', 'ftruncate', 'unlinkat']
self.posix_syscall_test(r'/bin/arm64_posix_syscall', r'../examples/rootfs/arm64_linux', syscalls)
def test_elf_linux_mips32el(self):
ql = Qiling(["../examples/rootfs/mips32el_linux/bin/mips32el_hello", self.random_generator(64)], "../examples/rootfs/mips32el_linux")
ql.run()
del ql
def test_elf_linux_mips32el_static(self):
ql = Qiling(["../examples/rootfs/mips32el_linux/bin/mips32el_hello_static", self.random_generator(64)], "../examples/rootfs/mips32el_linux")
ql.run()
del ql
def test_elf_linux_mips32el_posix_syscall(self):
syscalls = ['open', 'write', 'read', 'truncate', 'ftruncate', 'unlink']
self.posix_syscall_test(r'/bin/mips32el_posix_syscall', r'../examples/rootfs/mips32el_linux', syscalls)
def test_elf_linux_powerpc(self):
ql = Qiling(["../examples/rootfs/powerpc_linux/bin/powerpc_hello"], "../examples/rootfs/powerpc_linux", verbose=QL_VERBOSE.DEBUG)
ql.run()
del ql
def test_elf_linux_arm_custom_syscall(self):
checklist = {}
def my_syscall_write(ql: Qiling, fd: int, buf: int, count: int):
try:
data = ql.mem.read(buf, count)
ql.os.fd[fd].write(data)
except:
regreturn = -1
else:
regreturn = count
checklist['set_syscall'] = ql.arch.regs.r0
return regreturn
ql = Qiling(["../examples/rootfs/arm_linux/bin/arm_hello"], "../examples/rootfs/arm_linux")
ql.os.set_syscall('write', my_syscall_write)
ql.run()
self.assertEqual(1, checklist['set_syscall'])
del ql
def test_elf_linux_x86_crackme(self):
def instruction_count(ql: Qiling, address: int, size: int, user_data: Any):
user_data[0] += 1
def my__llseek(ql, *args, **kw):
pass
def run_one_round(payload):
ql = Qiling(["../examples/rootfs/x86_linux/bin/crackme_linux"], "../examples/rootfs/x86_linux", console=False)
ins_count = [0]
ql.hook_code(instruction_count, ins_count)
ql.os.set_syscall("_llseek", my__llseek)
ql.os.stdin = pipe.SimpleInStream(0)
ql.os.stdin.write(payload)
ql.run()
del ql
return ins_count[0]
def solve():
idx_list = [1, 4, 2, 0, 3]
flag = b'\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\n'
old_count = run_one_round(flag)
for idx in idx_list:
for i in b'L1NUX\\n':
flag = flag[:idx] + chr(i).encode() + flag[idx + 1:]
tmp = run_one_round(flag)
if tmp > old_count:
old_count = tmp
break
print(flag)
print("Linux Simple Crackme Brute Force, This Will Take Some Time ...")
solve()
def test_x86_fake_urandom_multiple_times(self):
next_id = 0
def get_next_id() -> int:
nonlocal next_id
curr_id = next_id
next_id += 1
return curr_id
ids = []
class Fake_urandom(QlFsMappedObject):
def __init__(self):
ids.append(get_next_id())
def read(self, size: int):
return b'\x01' * size
def fstat(self):
return -1
def close(self):
return 0
ql = Qiling(["../examples/rootfs/x86_linux/bin/x86_fetch_urandom_multiple_times"], "../examples/rootfs/x86_linux")
ql.add_fs_mapper("/dev/urandom", Fake_urandom())
ql.run()
self.assertListEqual([0], ids)
del ql
def test_x86_fake_urandom(self):
class Fake_urandom(QlFsMappedObject):
def read(self, size: int):
return b"\x01" * size
def fstat(self):
return -1
def close(self):
return 0
ql = Qiling(["../examples/rootfs/x86_linux/bin/x86_fetch_urandom"], "../examples/rootfs/x86_linux", verbose=QL_VERBOSE.DEBUG)
ql.add_fs_mapper("/dev/urandom", Fake_urandom())
ql.run()
del ql
def test_x8664_map_urandom(self):
ql = Qiling(["../examples/rootfs/x8664_linux/bin/x8664_fetch_urandom"], "../examples/rootfs/x8664_linux", verbose=QL_VERBOSE.DEBUG)
ql.add_fs_mapper("/dev/urandom", "/dev/urandom")
ql.run()
del ql
def test_x8664_symlink(self):
ql = Qiling(["../examples/rootfs/x8664_linux_symlink/bin/x8664_hello"], "../examples/rootfs/x8664_linux_symlink", verbose=QL_VERBOSE.DEBUG)
ql.run()
del ql
def test_x8664_absolute_path(self):
ql = Qiling(["../examples/rootfs/x8664_linux/bin/absolutepath"], "../examples/rootfs/x8664_linux", verbose=QL_VERBOSE.DEBUG)
ql.os.stdout = pipe.SimpleOutStream(1)
ql.run()
self.assertEqual(ql.os.stdout.read(), b'test_complete\n\ntest_complete\n\n')
del ql
def test_x8664_getcwd(self):
ql = Qiling(["../examples/rootfs/x8664_linux/bin/testcwd"], "../examples/rootfs/x8664_linux", verbose=QL_VERBOSE.DEBUG)
ql.os.stdout = pipe.SimpleOutStream(1)
ql.run()
self.assertEqual(ql.os.stdout.read(), b'/\n/lib\n/bin\n/\n')
del ql
def test_elf_linux_x86_return_from_main_stackpointer(self):
ql = Qiling(["../examples/rootfs/x86_linux/bin/x86_return_main"], "../examples/rootfs/x86_linux", stop=QL_STOP.STACK_POINTER)
ql.run()
del ql
def test_elf_linux_x86_return_from_main_exit_trap(self):
ql = Qiling(["../examples/rootfs/x86_linux/bin/x86_return_main"], "../examples/rootfs/x86_linux", stop=QL_STOP.EXIT_TRAP)
ql.run()
del ql
def test_elf_linux_x8664_return_from_main_stackpointer(self):
ql = Qiling(["../examples/rootfs/x8664_linux/bin/x8664_return_main"], "../examples/rootfs/x8664_linux", stop=QL_STOP.STACK_POINTER)
ql.run()
del ql
def test_elf_linux_x8664_return_from_main_exit_trap(self):
ql = Qiling(["../examples/rootfs/x8664_linux/bin/x8664_return_main"], "../examples/rootfs/x8664_linux", stop=QL_STOP.EXIT_TRAP)
ql.run()
del ql
def test_arm_stat64(self):
ql = Qiling(["../examples/rootfs/arm_linux/bin/arm_stat64", "/bin/arm_stat64"], "../examples/rootfs/arm_linux", verbose=QL_VERBOSE.DEBUG)
ql.run()
del ql
def test_elf_linux_x8664_getdents(self):
ql = Qiling(["../examples/rootfs/x8664_linux/bin/x8664_getdents"], "../examples/rootfs/x8664_linux", verbose=QL_VERBOSE.DEBUG)
ql.os.stdout = io.BytesIO()
ql.run()
ql.os.stdout.seek(0)
self.assertIn("bin\n", ql.os.stdout.read().decode("utf-8"))
del ql
def test_elf_linux_armeb(self):
ql = Qiling(["../examples/rootfs/armeb_linux/bin/armeb_hello"], "../examples/rootfs/armeb_linux", verbose=QL_VERBOSE.DEBUG)
ql.run()
del ql
def test_elf_linux_armeb_static(self):
ql = Qiling(["../examples/rootfs/armeb_linux/bin/armeb_hello_static"], "../examples/rootfs/armeb_linux", verbose=QL_VERBOSE.DEFAULT)
ql.run()
del ql
# TODO: Disable for now
# def test_armoabi_eb_linux_syscall_elf_static(self):
# # src: https://github.com/qilingframework/qiling/blob/1f1e9bc756e59a0bfc112d32735f8882b1afc165/examples/src/linux/posix_syscall.c
# ql = Qiling(["../examples/rootfs/armeb_linux/bin/posix_syscall_msb.armoabi"], "../examples/rootfs/armeb_linux", verbose=QL_VERBOSE.DEBUG)
# ql.run()
def test_armoabi_le_linux_syscall_elf_static(self):
# src: https://github.com/qilingframework/qiling/blob/1f1e9bc756e59a0bfc112d32735f8882b1afc165/examples/src/linux/posix_syscall.c
ql = Qiling(["../examples/rootfs/arm_linux/bin/posix_syscall_lsb.armoabi"], "../examples/rootfs/arm_linux", verbose=QL_VERBOSE.DEBUG)
ql.run()
del ql
def test_elf_linux_x86_getdents64(self):
ql = Qiling(["../examples/rootfs/x86_linux/bin/x86_getdents64"], "../examples/rootfs/x86_linux", verbose=QL_VERBOSE.DEBUG)
ql.os.stdout = pipe.SimpleOutStream(1)
ql.run()
self.assertIn("bin\n", ql.os.stdout.read().decode("utf-8"))
del ql
# Regression for getdents64 record alignment. Each linux_dirent64 record
# must be padded so the next record's leading u64 d_ino stays 8-byte
# aligned; otherwise a strict-alignment guest (e.g. MIPS) faults with an
# unaligned load while walking the buffer. x86 tolerates the unaligned read,
# which is why it was never caught.
def test_linux_getdents64_alignment(self):
from qiling.const import QL_ENDIAN
from qiling.os.posix.syscall.fcntl import ql_syscall_open
from qiling.os.posix.syscall.unistd import ql_syscall_getdents64
ql = Qiling(code=b"\x00\x00\x00\x00", archtype=QL_ARCH.MIPS, ostype=QL_OS.LINUX,
endian=QL_ENDIAN.EB, rootfs="../examples/rootfs/mips32_linux",
verbose=QL_VERBOSE.OFF)
base = 0x100000
ql.mem.map(base, 0x4000)
path_ptr, buf_ptr = base, base + 0x100
ql.mem.write(path_ptr, b"/\x00")
fd = ql_syscall_open(ql, path_ptr, 0, 0) # O_RDONLY on a directory
self.assertGreaterEqual(fd, 0)
nbytes = ql_syscall_getdents64(ql, fd, buf_ptr, 0x2000)
self.assertGreater(nbytes, 0)
# walk the linux_dirent64 records; every record (hence its leading u64
# d_ino) must start at an 8-byte boundary. d_reclen is a u16 at offset 16.
buf = bytes(ql.mem.read(buf_ptr, nbytes))
off = 0
while off < nbytes:
self.assertEqual(off % 8, 0, f"dirent at offset {off} is not 8-byte aligned")
d_reclen = int.from_bytes(buf[off + 16:off + 18], "big")
self.assertNotEqual(d_reclen, 0)
off += d_reclen
del ql
def test_linux_getdents_alignment(self):
# the legacy getdents record was not rounded up to the alignment of its
# word-sized d_ino either, so a strict-alignment guest faulted walking
# the buffer. unlike getdents64, legacy linux_dirent keeps d_type in the
# record's last byte (offset d_reclen-1), so the padding must sit between
# d_name and d_type -- verify the records are aligned AND d_type survives.
from qiling.const import QL_ENDIAN
from qiling.os.posix.syscall.fcntl import ql_syscall_open
from qiling.os.posix.syscall.unistd import ql_syscall_getdents
ql = Qiling(code=b"\x00\x00\x00\x00", archtype=QL_ARCH.MIPS, ostype=QL_OS.LINUX,
endian=QL_ENDIAN.EB, rootfs="../examples/rootfs/mips32_linux",
verbose=QL_VERBOSE.OFF)
base = 0x100000
ql.mem.map(base, 0x4000)
path_ptr, buf_ptr = base, base + 0x100
ql.mem.write(path_ptr, b"/\x00")
fd = ql_syscall_open(ql, path_ptr, 0, 0) # O_RDONLY on a directory
self.assertGreaterEqual(fd, 0)
nbytes = ql_syscall_getdents(ql, fd, buf_ptr, 0x2000)
self.assertGreater(nbytes, 0)
# walk the linux_dirent records; on 32-bit MIPS d_ino is 4 bytes, so each
# record must start at a 4-byte boundary. d_reclen is a u16 at offset 8
# (after the 4-byte d_ino + 4-byte d_off); d_name starts at offset 10.
buf = bytes(ql.mem.read(buf_ptr, nbytes))
off = 0
while off < nbytes:
self.assertEqual(off % 4, 0, f"dirent at offset {off} is not 4-byte aligned")
d_reclen = int.from_bytes(buf[off + 8:off + 10], "big")
self.assertNotEqual(d_reclen, 0)
name = buf[off + 10:buf.index(b"\x00", off + 10)].decode()
# legacy getdents stores d_type in the record's last byte; '.' and
# '..' must still report DT_DIR (4) after the alignment padding
if name in (".", ".."):
self.assertEqual(buf[off + d_reclen - 1], 4, f"{name}: d_type not DT_DIR")
off += d_reclen
self.assertEqual(off, nbytes) # records tile the buffer exactly
del ql
def test_memory_search(self):
ql = Qiling(code=b"\xCC", archtype=QL_ARCH.X8664, ostype=QL_OS.LINUX, verbose=QL_VERBOSE.DEBUG)
ql.mem.map(0x1000, 0x1000)
ql.mem.map(0x2000, 0x1000)
ql.mem.map(0x3000, 0x1000)
ql.mem.write(0x1000, b"\x47\x06\x0d\x1e\x0d\x1a\x53\x0f\x07\x06\x06\x09\x53\x0f\x01\x1e\x0d\x53\x11\x07\x1d\x53\x1d\x18\x4f\x53\x06\x0d\x1e\x0d\x1a\x53\x0f\x07\x06\x06\x09\x53\x04\x0d\x1c\x53\x11\x07\x1d\x53\x0c\x07\x1f\x06\x45")
ql.mem.write(0x2000, b"\x47\x06\x0d\x1e\x0d\x1a\x53\x0f\x07\x06\x06\x09\x53\x1a\x1d\x06\x53\x09\x1a\x07\x1d\x06\x0c\x53\x09\x06\x0c\x53\x0c\x0d\x1b\x0d\x1a\x1c\x53\x11\x07\x1d\x4f\x53\x06\x0d\x1e\x0d\x1a\x53\x0f\x07\x06\x06\x09\x53\x05\x09\x03\x0d\x53\x11\x07\x1d\x53\x0b\x1a\x11\x45")
ql.mem.write(0x3000, b"\x47\x06\x0d\x1e\x0d\x1a\x53\x0f\x07\x06\x06\x09\x53\x1b\x09\x11\x53\x0f\x07\x07\x0c\x0a\x11\x0d\x4f\x53\x06\x0d\x1e\x0d\x1a\x53\x0f\x07\x06\x06\x09\x53\x1c\x0d\x04\x04\x53\x09\x53\x04\x01\x0d\x53\x09\x06\x0c\x53\x00\x1d\x1a\x1c\x53\x11\x07\x1d\x45")
ql.mem.write(0x1FFB, b"\x1f\x00\x07\x53\x03\x06\x07\x1f\x1b")
# Needle not in haystack
self.assertEqual([], ql.mem.search(b"\x3a\x01\x0b\x03\x53\x29\x1b\x1c\x04\x0d\x11"))
# Needle appears several times in haystack
self.assertEqual([0x1000 + 24, 0x2000 + 38, 0x3000 + 24], ql.mem.search(b"\x4f\x53\x06\x0d\x1e\x0d\x1a"))
# Needle inside haystack
self.assertEqual([0x1000 + 13], ql.mem.search(b"\x0f\x01\x1e\x0d\x53\x11\x07\x1d\x53\x1d\x18", begin=0x1000 + 10, end=0x1000 + 30))
# Needle before haystack
self.assertEqual([], ql.mem.search(b"\x04\x0d\x1c\x53\x11\x07\x1d\x53\x0c\x07\x1f\x06", begin=0x1337))
# Needle after haystack
self.assertEqual([], ql.mem.search(b"\x1b\x09\x11\x53\x0f\x07\x07\x0c\x0a\x11\x0d", end=0x3000 + 13))
# Needle exactly inside haystack
self.assertEqual([0x2000 + 13], ql.mem.search(b"\x1a\x1d\x06\x53\x09\x1a\x07\x1d\x06\x0c", begin=0x2000 + 13, end=0x2000 + 23))
# Needle 'tears' two mapped regions
self.assertEqual([], ql.mem.search(b"\x1f\x00\x07\x53\x03\x06\x07\x1f\x1b", begin=0x1F00, end=0x200F))
# Needle is a regex
self.assertEqual([0x1000 + 11, 0x2000 + 11, 0x3000 + 43], ql.mem.search(re.compile(b"\x09\x53(\x0f|\x1a|\x04)[^\x0d]")))
del ql
def test_elf_linux_x8664_path_traversion(self):
ql = Qiling(["../examples/rootfs/x8664_linux/bin/path_traverse_static"], "../examples/rootfs/x8664_linux", verbose=QL_VERBOSE.DEBUG)
ql.os.stdout = pipe.SimpleOutStream(1)
ql.run()
self.assertNotIn("root\n", ql.os.stdout.read().decode("utf-8"))
del ql
@unittest.skip("stdin hijacking doesn't work as expected")
def test_elf_linux_x8664_epoll_simple(self):
# This tests a sample binary that (e)polls on stdin and echos back the output. Upon
# receiving 'stop', it will exit.
#
# epoll-0 tkaen from: https://github.com/maxasm/epoll-c/blob/main/main.c
rootfs = "../examples/rootfs/x8664_linux"
argv = r"../examples/rootfs/x8664_linux/bin/x8664_linux_epoll_0".split()
ql = Qiling(argv, rootfs, verbose=QL_VERBOSE.DEBUG)
ql.os.stdin = pipe.SimpleInStream(0)
ql.os.stdin.write(b'echo\n')
ql.os.stdin.write(b'stop\n') # signal to exit gracefully
ql.run()
self.assertIn(b'echo\n', ql.os.stdout.read())
del ql
def test_elf_linux_x8664_epoll_server(self):
# This tests a simple server that uses epoll to wait for data, then prints it out. It has
# been modified to exit after data has been received; instead of a typical server operation
# that reads requests indefinitely.
#
# It listens on port 8000, and a separate thread is spawned in order to test how the server
# handles a 'hello world' input. The server prints out whatever it receives, so the assert
# statement checks the input is present as expected.
#
# onestraw server taken from: https://github.com/onestraw/epoll-example
# Note: Without a hook for this syscall, this error fires:
# TypeError: stat: path should be string, bytes, os.PathLike or integer, not NoneType
def hook_newfstatat(ql: Qiling, dirfd: int, pathname: int, statbuf: int, flags: int):
return 0
def client():
# give time for the server to listen
time.sleep(3)
s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
s.connect(("127.0.0.1", 8000))
s.send(b"hello world")
s.close()
rootfs = "../examples/rootfs/x8664_linux"
argv = r"../examples/rootfs/x8664_linux/bin/x8664_onestraw_server s".split() # s means 'server mode'
ql = Qiling(argv, rootfs, verbose=QL_VERBOSE.DEBUG)
ql.os.set_syscall("newfstatat", hook_newfstatat, QL_INTERCEPT.CALL)
ql.os.stdout = pipe.SimpleOutStream(1) # server prints data received to stdout
ql.filter = '^data:'
client_thread = threading.Thread(target=client, daemon=True)
client_thread.start()
ql.run()
self.assertIn(b'hello world', ql.os.stdout.read(200)) # 200 is arbitrary--"good enough" for this task
del ql
if __name__ == "__main__":
unittest.main()
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