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1337 lines (1181 loc) · 44.4 KB
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/*
** Routines to represent binary data in ASCII and vice-versa
**
** This module currently supports the following encodings:
** uuencode:
** each line encodes 45 bytes (except possibly the last)
** First char encodes (binary) length, rest data
** each char encodes 6 bits, as follows:
** binary: 01234567 abcdefgh ijklmnop
** ascii: 012345 67abcd efghij klmnop
** ASCII encoding method is "excess-space": 000000 is encoded as ' ', etc.
** short binary data is zero-extended (so the bits are always in the
** right place), this does *not* reflect in the length.
** base64:
** Line breaks are insignificant, but lines are at most 76 chars
** each char encodes 6 bits, in similar order as uucode/hqx. Encoding
** is done via a table.
** Short binary data is filled (in ASCII) with '='.
** hqx:
** File starts with introductory text, real data starts and ends
** with colons.
** Data consists of three similar parts: info, datafork, resourcefork.
** Each part is protected (at the end) with a 16-bit crc
** The binary data is run-length encoded, and then ascii-fied:
** binary: 01234567 abcdefgh ijklmnop
** ascii: 012345 67abcd efghij klmnop
** ASCII encoding is table-driven, see the code.
** Short binary data results in the runt ascii-byte being output with
** the bits in the right place.
**
** While I was reading dozens of programs that encode or decode the formats
** here (documentation? hihi:-) I have formulated Jansen's Observation:
**
** Programs that encode binary data in ASCII are written in
** such a style that they are as unreadable as possible. Devices used
** include unnecessary global variables, burying important tables
** in unrelated sourcefiles, putting functions in include files,
** using seemingly-descriptive variable names for different purposes,
** calls to empty subroutines and a host of others.
**
** I have attempted to break with this tradition, but I guess that that
** does make the performance sub-optimal. Oh well, too bad...
**
** Jack Jansen, CWI, July 1995.
**
** Added support for quoted-printable encoding, based on rfc 1521 et al
** quoted-printable encoding specifies that non printable characters (anything
** below 32 and above 126) be encoded as =XX where XX is the hexadecimal value
** of the character. It also specifies some other behavior to enable 8bit data
** in a mail message with little difficulty (maximum line sizes, protecting
** some cases of whitespace, etc).
**
** Brandon Long, September 2001.
*/
#ifndef Py_BUILD_CORE_BUILTIN
# define Py_BUILD_CORE_MODULE 1
#endif
#include "Python.h"
#include "pycore_long.h" // _PyLong_DigitValue
#include "pycore_strhex.h" // _Py_strhex_bytes_with_sep()
#ifdef USE_ZLIB_CRC32
# include "zlib.h"
#endif
typedef struct binascii_state {
PyObject *Error;
PyObject *Incomplete;
} binascii_state;
static inline binascii_state *
get_binascii_state(PyObject *module)
{
return (binascii_state *)PyModule_GetState(module);
}
static const unsigned char table_a2b_base64[] = {
-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,
-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,
-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,62, -1,-1,-1,63,
52,53,54,55, 56,57,58,59, 60,61,-1,-1, -1, 0,-1,-1, /* Note PAD->0 */
-1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9,10, 11,12,13,14,
15,16,17,18, 19,20,21,22, 23,24,25,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,
-1,26,27,28, 29,30,31,32, 33,34,35,36, 37,38,39,40,
41,42,43,44, 45,46,47,48, 49,50,51,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,
-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,
-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,
-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,
-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,
-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,
-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,
-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,
-1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,
};
#define BASE64_PAD '='
/* Max binary chunk size; limited only by available memory */
#define BASE64_MAXBIN ((PY_SSIZE_T_MAX - 3) / 2)
static const unsigned char table_b2a_base64[] =
"ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/";
static const unsigned short crctab_hqx[256] = {
0x0000, 0x1021, 0x2042, 0x3063, 0x4084, 0x50a5, 0x60c6, 0x70e7,
0x8108, 0x9129, 0xa14a, 0xb16b, 0xc18c, 0xd1ad, 0xe1ce, 0xf1ef,
0x1231, 0x0210, 0x3273, 0x2252, 0x52b5, 0x4294, 0x72f7, 0x62d6,
0x9339, 0x8318, 0xb37b, 0xa35a, 0xd3bd, 0xc39c, 0xf3ff, 0xe3de,
0x2462, 0x3443, 0x0420, 0x1401, 0x64e6, 0x74c7, 0x44a4, 0x5485,
0xa56a, 0xb54b, 0x8528, 0x9509, 0xe5ee, 0xf5cf, 0xc5ac, 0xd58d,
0x3653, 0x2672, 0x1611, 0x0630, 0x76d7, 0x66f6, 0x5695, 0x46b4,
0xb75b, 0xa77a, 0x9719, 0x8738, 0xf7df, 0xe7fe, 0xd79d, 0xc7bc,
0x48c4, 0x58e5, 0x6886, 0x78a7, 0x0840, 0x1861, 0x2802, 0x3823,
0xc9cc, 0xd9ed, 0xe98e, 0xf9af, 0x8948, 0x9969, 0xa90a, 0xb92b,
0x5af5, 0x4ad4, 0x7ab7, 0x6a96, 0x1a71, 0x0a50, 0x3a33, 0x2a12,
0xdbfd, 0xcbdc, 0xfbbf, 0xeb9e, 0x9b79, 0x8b58, 0xbb3b, 0xab1a,
0x6ca6, 0x7c87, 0x4ce4, 0x5cc5, 0x2c22, 0x3c03, 0x0c60, 0x1c41,
0xedae, 0xfd8f, 0xcdec, 0xddcd, 0xad2a, 0xbd0b, 0x8d68, 0x9d49,
0x7e97, 0x6eb6, 0x5ed5, 0x4ef4, 0x3e13, 0x2e32, 0x1e51, 0x0e70,
0xff9f, 0xefbe, 0xdfdd, 0xcffc, 0xbf1b, 0xaf3a, 0x9f59, 0x8f78,
0x9188, 0x81a9, 0xb1ca, 0xa1eb, 0xd10c, 0xc12d, 0xf14e, 0xe16f,
0x1080, 0x00a1, 0x30c2, 0x20e3, 0x5004, 0x4025, 0x7046, 0x6067,
0x83b9, 0x9398, 0xa3fb, 0xb3da, 0xc33d, 0xd31c, 0xe37f, 0xf35e,
0x02b1, 0x1290, 0x22f3, 0x32d2, 0x4235, 0x5214, 0x6277, 0x7256,
0xb5ea, 0xa5cb, 0x95a8, 0x8589, 0xf56e, 0xe54f, 0xd52c, 0xc50d,
0x34e2, 0x24c3, 0x14a0, 0x0481, 0x7466, 0x6447, 0x5424, 0x4405,
0xa7db, 0xb7fa, 0x8799, 0x97b8, 0xe75f, 0xf77e, 0xc71d, 0xd73c,
0x26d3, 0x36f2, 0x0691, 0x16b0, 0x6657, 0x7676, 0x4615, 0x5634,
0xd94c, 0xc96d, 0xf90e, 0xe92f, 0x99c8, 0x89e9, 0xb98a, 0xa9ab,
0x5844, 0x4865, 0x7806, 0x6827, 0x18c0, 0x08e1, 0x3882, 0x28a3,
0xcb7d, 0xdb5c, 0xeb3f, 0xfb1e, 0x8bf9, 0x9bd8, 0xabbb, 0xbb9a,
0x4a75, 0x5a54, 0x6a37, 0x7a16, 0x0af1, 0x1ad0, 0x2ab3, 0x3a92,
0xfd2e, 0xed0f, 0xdd6c, 0xcd4d, 0xbdaa, 0xad8b, 0x9de8, 0x8dc9,
0x7c26, 0x6c07, 0x5c64, 0x4c45, 0x3ca2, 0x2c83, 0x1ce0, 0x0cc1,
0xef1f, 0xff3e, 0xcf5d, 0xdf7c, 0xaf9b, 0xbfba, 0x8fd9, 0x9ff8,
0x6e17, 0x7e36, 0x4e55, 0x5e74, 0x2e93, 0x3eb2, 0x0ed1, 0x1ef0,
};
/*[clinic input]
module binascii
[clinic start generated code]*/
/*[clinic end generated code: output=da39a3ee5e6b4b0d input=de89fb46bcaf3fec]*/
/*[python input]
class ascii_buffer_converter(CConverter):
type = 'Py_buffer'
converter = 'ascii_buffer_converter'
impl_by_reference = True
c_default = "{NULL, NULL}"
def cleanup(self):
name = self.name
return "".join(["if (", name, ".obj)\n PyBuffer_Release(&", name, ");\n"])
[python start generated code]*/
/*[python end generated code: output=da39a3ee5e6b4b0d input=3eb7b63610da92cd]*/
static int
ascii_buffer_converter(PyObject *arg, Py_buffer *buf)
{
if (arg == NULL) {
PyBuffer_Release(buf);
return 1;
}
if (PyUnicode_Check(arg)) {
if (!PyUnicode_IS_ASCII(arg)) {
PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
"string argument should contain only ASCII characters");
return 0;
}
assert(PyUnicode_KIND(arg) == PyUnicode_1BYTE_KIND);
buf->buf = (void *) PyUnicode_1BYTE_DATA(arg);
buf->len = PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(arg);
buf->obj = NULL;
return 1;
}
if (PyObject_GetBuffer(arg, buf, PyBUF_SIMPLE) != 0) {
PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
"argument should be bytes, buffer or ASCII string, "
"not '%.100s'", Py_TYPE(arg)->tp_name);
return 0;
}
assert(PyBuffer_IsContiguous(buf, 'C'));
return Py_CLEANUP_SUPPORTED;
}
#include "clinic/binascii.c.h"
/*[clinic input]
binascii.a2b_uu
data: ascii_buffer
/
Decode a line of uuencoded data.
[clinic start generated code]*/
static PyObject *
binascii_a2b_uu_impl(PyObject *module, Py_buffer *data)
/*[clinic end generated code: output=e027f8e0b0598742 input=7cafeaf73df63d1c]*/
{
const unsigned char *ascii_data;
unsigned char *bin_data;
int leftbits = 0;
unsigned char this_ch;
unsigned int leftchar = 0;
PyObject *rv;
Py_ssize_t ascii_len, bin_len;
binascii_state *state;
ascii_data = data->buf;
ascii_len = data->len;
assert(ascii_len >= 0);
/* First byte: binary data length (in bytes) */
if (ascii_len == 0) {
state = get_binascii_state(module);
if (state == NULL) {
return NULL;
}
PyErr_SetString(state->Error, "Missing length byte");
return NULL;
}
bin_len = (*ascii_data++ - ' ') & 077;
ascii_len--;
/* Allocate the buffer */
if ( (rv=PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(NULL, bin_len)) == NULL )
return NULL;
bin_data = (unsigned char *)PyBytes_AS_STRING(rv);
for( ; bin_len > 0 ; ascii_len--, ascii_data++ ) {
/* XXX is it really best to add NULs if there's no more data */
this_ch = (ascii_len > 0) ? *ascii_data : 0;
if ( this_ch == '\n' || this_ch == '\r' || ascii_len <= 0) {
/*
** Whitespace. Assume some spaces got eaten at
** end-of-line. (We check this later)
*/
this_ch = 0;
} else {
/* Check the character for legality
** The 64 in stead of the expected 63 is because
** there are a few uuencodes out there that use
** '`' as zero instead of space.
*/
if ( this_ch < ' ' || this_ch > (' ' + 64)) {
state = get_binascii_state(module);
if (state == NULL) {
return NULL;
}
PyErr_SetString(state->Error, "Illegal char");
Py_DECREF(rv);
return NULL;
}
this_ch = (this_ch - ' ') & 077;
}
/*
** Shift it in on the low end, and see if there's
** a byte ready for output.
*/
leftchar = (leftchar << 6) | (this_ch);
leftbits += 6;
if ( leftbits >= 8 ) {
leftbits -= 8;
*bin_data++ = (leftchar >> leftbits) & 0xff;
leftchar &= ((1 << leftbits) - 1);
bin_len--;
}
}
/*
** Finally, check that if there's anything left on the line
** that it's whitespace only.
*/
while( ascii_len-- > 0 ) {
this_ch = *ascii_data++;
/* Extra '`' may be written as padding in some cases */
if ( this_ch != ' ' && this_ch != ' '+64 &&
this_ch != '\n' && this_ch != '\r' ) {
state = get_binascii_state(module);
if (state == NULL) {
return NULL;
}
PyErr_SetString(state->Error, "Trailing garbage");
Py_DECREF(rv);
return NULL;
}
}
return rv;
}
/*[clinic input]
binascii.b2a_uu
data: Py_buffer
/
*
backtick: bool = False
Uuencode line of data.
[clinic start generated code]*/
static PyObject *
binascii_b2a_uu_impl(PyObject *module, Py_buffer *data, int backtick)
/*[clinic end generated code: output=b1b99de62d9bbeb8 input=beb27822241095cd]*/
{
unsigned char *ascii_data;
const unsigned char *bin_data;
int leftbits = 0;
unsigned char this_ch;
unsigned int leftchar = 0;
binascii_state *state;
Py_ssize_t bin_len, out_len;
_PyBytesWriter writer;
_PyBytesWriter_Init(&writer);
bin_data = data->buf;
bin_len = data->len;
if ( bin_len > 45 ) {
/* The 45 is a limit that appears in all uuencode's */
state = get_binascii_state(module);
if (state == NULL) {
return NULL;
}
PyErr_SetString(state->Error, "At most 45 bytes at once");
return NULL;
}
/* We're lazy and allocate to much (fixed up later) */
out_len = 2 + (bin_len + 2) / 3 * 4;
ascii_data = _PyBytesWriter_Alloc(&writer, out_len);
if (ascii_data == NULL)
return NULL;
/* Store the length */
if (backtick && !bin_len)
*ascii_data++ = '`';
else
*ascii_data++ = ' ' + (unsigned char)bin_len;
for( ; bin_len > 0 || leftbits != 0 ; bin_len--, bin_data++ ) {
/* Shift the data (or padding) into our buffer */
if ( bin_len > 0 ) /* Data */
leftchar = (leftchar << 8) | *bin_data;
else /* Padding */
leftchar <<= 8;
leftbits += 8;
/* See if there are 6-bit groups ready */
while ( leftbits >= 6 ) {
this_ch = (leftchar >> (leftbits-6)) & 0x3f;
leftbits -= 6;
if (backtick && !this_ch)
*ascii_data++ = '`';
else
*ascii_data++ = this_ch + ' ';
}
}
*ascii_data++ = '\n'; /* Append a courtesy newline */
return _PyBytesWriter_Finish(&writer, ascii_data);
}
/*[clinic input]
binascii.a2b_base64
data: ascii_buffer
/
*
strict_mode: bool = False
Decode a line of base64 data.
strict_mode
When set to True, bytes that are not part of the base64 standard are not allowed.
The same applies to excess data after padding (= / ==).
[clinic start generated code]*/
static PyObject *
binascii_a2b_base64_impl(PyObject *module, Py_buffer *data, int strict_mode)
/*[clinic end generated code: output=5409557788d4f975 input=c0c15fd0f8f9a62d]*/
{
assert(data->len >= 0);
const unsigned char *ascii_data = data->buf;
size_t ascii_len = data->len;
binascii_state *state = NULL;
/* Allocate the buffer */
Py_ssize_t bin_len = ((ascii_len+3)/4)*3; /* Upper bound, corrected later */
_PyBytesWriter writer;
_PyBytesWriter_Init(&writer);
unsigned char *bin_data = _PyBytesWriter_Alloc(&writer, bin_len);
if (bin_data == NULL)
return NULL;
unsigned char *bin_data_start = bin_data;
int quad_pos = 0;
unsigned char leftchar = 0;
int pads = 0;
for (size_t i = 0; i < ascii_len; i++) {
unsigned char this_ch = ascii_data[i];
/* Check for pad sequences and ignore
** the invalid ones.
*/
if (this_ch == BASE64_PAD) {
pads++;
if (quad_pos >= 2 && quad_pos + pads <= 4) {
continue;
}
// See RFC 4648, section-3.3: "specifications MAY ignore the
// pad character, "=", treating it as non-alphabet data, if
// it is present before the end of the encoded data" and
// "the excess pad characters MAY also be ignored."
if (!strict_mode) {
continue;
}
if (quad_pos == 1) {
/* Set an error below. */
break;
}
state = get_binascii_state(module);
if (state) {
PyErr_SetString(state->Error,
(quad_pos == 0 && i == 0)
? "Leading padding not allowed"
: "Excess padding not allowed");
}
goto error_end;
}
this_ch = table_a2b_base64[this_ch];
if (this_ch >= 64) {
// See RFC 4648, section-3.3.
if (strict_mode) {
state = get_binascii_state(module);
if (state) {
PyErr_SetString(state->Error, "Only base64 data is allowed");
}
goto error_end;
}
continue;
}
// Characters that are not '=', in the middle of the padding, are
// not allowed (except when they are). See RFC 4648, section-3.3.
if (pads && strict_mode) {
state = get_binascii_state(module);
if (state) {
PyErr_SetString(state->Error, (quad_pos + pads == 4)
? "Excess data after padding"
: "Discontinuous padding not allowed");
}
goto error_end;
}
pads = 0;
switch (quad_pos) {
case 0:
quad_pos = 1;
leftchar = this_ch;
break;
case 1:
quad_pos = 2;
*bin_data++ = (leftchar << 2) | (this_ch >> 4);
leftchar = this_ch & 0x0f;
break;
case 2:
quad_pos = 3;
*bin_data++ = (leftchar << 4) | (this_ch >> 2);
leftchar = this_ch & 0x03;
break;
case 3:
quad_pos = 0;
*bin_data++ = (leftchar << 6) | (this_ch);
leftchar = 0;
break;
}
}
if (quad_pos == 1) {
/* There is exactly one extra valid, non-padding, base64 character.
* * This is an invalid length, as there is no possible input that
** could encoded into such a base64 string.
*/
state = get_binascii_state(module);
if (state) {
PyErr_Format(state->Error,
"Invalid base64-encoded string: "
"number of data characters (%zd) cannot be 1 more "
"than a multiple of 4",
(bin_data - bin_data_start) / 3 * 4 + 1);
}
goto error_end;
}
if (quad_pos != 0 && quad_pos + pads < 4) {
state = get_binascii_state(module);
if (state) {
PyErr_SetString(state->Error, "Incorrect padding");
}
goto error_end;
}
return _PyBytesWriter_Finish(&writer, bin_data);
error_end:
_PyBytesWriter_Dealloc(&writer);
return NULL;
}
/*[clinic input]
binascii.b2a_base64
data: Py_buffer
/
*
newline: bool = True
Base64-code line of data.
[clinic start generated code]*/
static PyObject *
binascii_b2a_base64_impl(PyObject *module, Py_buffer *data, int newline)
/*[clinic end generated code: output=4ad62c8e8485d3b3 input=0e20ff59c5f2e3e1]*/
{
unsigned char *ascii_data;
const unsigned char *bin_data;
int leftbits = 0;
unsigned char this_ch;
unsigned int leftchar = 0;
Py_ssize_t bin_len, out_len;
_PyBytesWriter writer;
binascii_state *state;
bin_data = data->buf;
bin_len = data->len;
_PyBytesWriter_Init(&writer);
assert(bin_len >= 0);
if ( bin_len > BASE64_MAXBIN ) {
state = get_binascii_state(module);
if (state == NULL) {
return NULL;
}
PyErr_SetString(state->Error, "Too much data for base64 line");
return NULL;
}
/* We're lazy and allocate too much (fixed up later).
"+2" leaves room for up to two pad characters.
Note that 'b' gets encoded as 'Yg==\n' (1 in, 5 out). */
out_len = bin_len*2 + 2;
if (newline)
out_len++;
ascii_data = _PyBytesWriter_Alloc(&writer, out_len);
if (ascii_data == NULL)
return NULL;
for( ; bin_len > 0 ; bin_len--, bin_data++ ) {
/* Shift the data into our buffer */
leftchar = (leftchar << 8) | *bin_data;
leftbits += 8;
/* See if there are 6-bit groups ready */
while ( leftbits >= 6 ) {
this_ch = (leftchar >> (leftbits-6)) & 0x3f;
leftbits -= 6;
*ascii_data++ = table_b2a_base64[this_ch];
}
}
if ( leftbits == 2 ) {
*ascii_data++ = table_b2a_base64[(leftchar&3) << 4];
*ascii_data++ = BASE64_PAD;
*ascii_data++ = BASE64_PAD;
} else if ( leftbits == 4 ) {
*ascii_data++ = table_b2a_base64[(leftchar&0xf) << 2];
*ascii_data++ = BASE64_PAD;
}
if (newline)
*ascii_data++ = '\n'; /* Append a courtesy newline */
return _PyBytesWriter_Finish(&writer, ascii_data);
}
/*[clinic input]
binascii.crc_hqx
data: Py_buffer
crc: unsigned_int(bitwise=True)
/
Compute CRC-CCITT incrementally.
[clinic start generated code]*/
static PyObject *
binascii_crc_hqx_impl(PyObject *module, Py_buffer *data, unsigned int crc)
/*[clinic end generated code: output=2fde213d0f547a98 input=56237755370a951c]*/
{
const unsigned char *bin_data;
Py_ssize_t len;
crc &= 0xffff;
bin_data = data->buf;
len = data->len;
while(len-- > 0) {
crc = ((crc<<8)&0xff00) ^ crctab_hqx[(crc>>8)^*bin_data++];
}
return PyLong_FromUnsignedLong(crc);
}
#ifndef USE_ZLIB_CRC32
/* Crc - 32 BIT ANSI X3.66 CRC checksum files
Also known as: ISO 3307
**********************************************************************|
* *|
* Demonstration program to compute the 32-bit CRC used as the frame *|
* check sequence in ADCCP (ANSI X3.66, also known as FIPS PUB 71 *|
* and FED-STD-1003, the U.S. versions of CCITT's X.25 link-level *|
* protocol). The 32-bit FCS was added via the Federal Register, *|
* 1 June 1982, p.23798. I presume but don't know for certain that *|
* this polynomial is or will be included in CCITT V.41, which *|
* defines the 16-bit CRC (often called CRC-CCITT) polynomial. FIPS *|
* PUB 78 says that the 32-bit FCS reduces otherwise undetected *|
* errors by a factor of 10^-5 over 16-bit FCS. *|
* *|
**********************************************************************|
Copyright (C) 1986 Gary S. Brown. You may use this program, or
code or tables extracted from it, as desired without restriction.
First, the polynomial itself and its table of feedback terms. The
polynomial is
X^32+X^26+X^23+X^22+X^16+X^12+X^11+X^10+X^8+X^7+X^5+X^4+X^2+X^1+X^0
Note that we take it "backwards" and put the highest-order term in
the lowest-order bit. The X^32 term is "implied"; the LSB is the
X^31 term, etc. The X^0 term (usually shown as "+1") results in
the MSB being 1.
Note that the usual hardware shift register implementation, which
is what we're using (we're merely optimizing it by doing eight-bit
chunks at a time) shifts bits into the lowest-order term. In our
implementation, that means shifting towards the right. Why do we
do it this way? Because the calculated CRC must be transmitted in
order from highest-order term to lowest-order term. UARTs transmit
characters in order from LSB to MSB. By storing the CRC this way,
we hand it to the UART in the order low-byte to high-byte; the UART
sends each low-bit to hight-bit; and the result is transmission bit
by bit from highest- to lowest-order term without requiring any bit
shuffling on our part. Reception works similarly.
The feedback terms table consists of 256, 32-bit entries. Notes:
1. The table can be generated at runtime if desired; code to do so
is shown later. It might not be obvious, but the feedback
terms simply represent the results of eight shift/xor opera-
tions for all combinations of data and CRC register values.
2. The CRC accumulation logic is the same for all CRC polynomials,
be they sixteen or thirty-two bits wide. You simply choose the
appropriate table. Alternatively, because the table can be
generated at runtime, you can start by generating the table for
the polynomial in question and use exactly the same "updcrc",
if your application needn't simultaneously handle two CRC
polynomials. (Note, however, that XMODEM is strange.)
3. For 16-bit CRCs, the table entries need be only 16 bits wide;
of course, 32-bit entries work OK if the high 16 bits are zero.
4. The values must be right-shifted by eight bits by the "updcrc"
logic; the shift must be unsigned (bring in zeroes). On some
hardware you could probably optimize the shift in assembler by
using byte-swap instructions.
********************************************************************/
static const unsigned int crc_32_tab[256] = {
0x00000000U, 0x77073096U, 0xee0e612cU, 0x990951baU, 0x076dc419U,
0x706af48fU, 0xe963a535U, 0x9e6495a3U, 0x0edb8832U, 0x79dcb8a4U,
0xe0d5e91eU, 0x97d2d988U, 0x09b64c2bU, 0x7eb17cbdU, 0xe7b82d07U,
0x90bf1d91U, 0x1db71064U, 0x6ab020f2U, 0xf3b97148U, 0x84be41deU,
0x1adad47dU, 0x6ddde4ebU, 0xf4d4b551U, 0x83d385c7U, 0x136c9856U,
0x646ba8c0U, 0xfd62f97aU, 0x8a65c9ecU, 0x14015c4fU, 0x63066cd9U,
0xfa0f3d63U, 0x8d080df5U, 0x3b6e20c8U, 0x4c69105eU, 0xd56041e4U,
0xa2677172U, 0x3c03e4d1U, 0x4b04d447U, 0xd20d85fdU, 0xa50ab56bU,
0x35b5a8faU, 0x42b2986cU, 0xdbbbc9d6U, 0xacbcf940U, 0x32d86ce3U,
0x45df5c75U, 0xdcd60dcfU, 0xabd13d59U, 0x26d930acU, 0x51de003aU,
0xc8d75180U, 0xbfd06116U, 0x21b4f4b5U, 0x56b3c423U, 0xcfba9599U,
0xb8bda50fU, 0x2802b89eU, 0x5f058808U, 0xc60cd9b2U, 0xb10be924U,
0x2f6f7c87U, 0x58684c11U, 0xc1611dabU, 0xb6662d3dU, 0x76dc4190U,
0x01db7106U, 0x98d220bcU, 0xefd5102aU, 0x71b18589U, 0x06b6b51fU,
0x9fbfe4a5U, 0xe8b8d433U, 0x7807c9a2U, 0x0f00f934U, 0x9609a88eU,
0xe10e9818U, 0x7f6a0dbbU, 0x086d3d2dU, 0x91646c97U, 0xe6635c01U,
0x6b6b51f4U, 0x1c6c6162U, 0x856530d8U, 0xf262004eU, 0x6c0695edU,
0x1b01a57bU, 0x8208f4c1U, 0xf50fc457U, 0x65b0d9c6U, 0x12b7e950U,
0x8bbeb8eaU, 0xfcb9887cU, 0x62dd1ddfU, 0x15da2d49U, 0x8cd37cf3U,
0xfbd44c65U, 0x4db26158U, 0x3ab551ceU, 0xa3bc0074U, 0xd4bb30e2U,
0x4adfa541U, 0x3dd895d7U, 0xa4d1c46dU, 0xd3d6f4fbU, 0x4369e96aU,
0x346ed9fcU, 0xad678846U, 0xda60b8d0U, 0x44042d73U, 0x33031de5U,
0xaa0a4c5fU, 0xdd0d7cc9U, 0x5005713cU, 0x270241aaU, 0xbe0b1010U,
0xc90c2086U, 0x5768b525U, 0x206f85b3U, 0xb966d409U, 0xce61e49fU,
0x5edef90eU, 0x29d9c998U, 0xb0d09822U, 0xc7d7a8b4U, 0x59b33d17U,
0x2eb40d81U, 0xb7bd5c3bU, 0xc0ba6cadU, 0xedb88320U, 0x9abfb3b6U,
0x03b6e20cU, 0x74b1d29aU, 0xead54739U, 0x9dd277afU, 0x04db2615U,
0x73dc1683U, 0xe3630b12U, 0x94643b84U, 0x0d6d6a3eU, 0x7a6a5aa8U,
0xe40ecf0bU, 0x9309ff9dU, 0x0a00ae27U, 0x7d079eb1U, 0xf00f9344U,
0x8708a3d2U, 0x1e01f268U, 0x6906c2feU, 0xf762575dU, 0x806567cbU,
0x196c3671U, 0x6e6b06e7U, 0xfed41b76U, 0x89d32be0U, 0x10da7a5aU,
0x67dd4accU, 0xf9b9df6fU, 0x8ebeeff9U, 0x17b7be43U, 0x60b08ed5U,
0xd6d6a3e8U, 0xa1d1937eU, 0x38d8c2c4U, 0x4fdff252U, 0xd1bb67f1U,
0xa6bc5767U, 0x3fb506ddU, 0x48b2364bU, 0xd80d2bdaU, 0xaf0a1b4cU,
0x36034af6U, 0x41047a60U, 0xdf60efc3U, 0xa867df55U, 0x316e8eefU,
0x4669be79U, 0xcb61b38cU, 0xbc66831aU, 0x256fd2a0U, 0x5268e236U,
0xcc0c7795U, 0xbb0b4703U, 0x220216b9U, 0x5505262fU, 0xc5ba3bbeU,
0xb2bd0b28U, 0x2bb45a92U, 0x5cb36a04U, 0xc2d7ffa7U, 0xb5d0cf31U,
0x2cd99e8bU, 0x5bdeae1dU, 0x9b64c2b0U, 0xec63f226U, 0x756aa39cU,
0x026d930aU, 0x9c0906a9U, 0xeb0e363fU, 0x72076785U, 0x05005713U,
0x95bf4a82U, 0xe2b87a14U, 0x7bb12baeU, 0x0cb61b38U, 0x92d28e9bU,
0xe5d5be0dU, 0x7cdcefb7U, 0x0bdbdf21U, 0x86d3d2d4U, 0xf1d4e242U,
0x68ddb3f8U, 0x1fda836eU, 0x81be16cdU, 0xf6b9265bU, 0x6fb077e1U,
0x18b74777U, 0x88085ae6U, 0xff0f6a70U, 0x66063bcaU, 0x11010b5cU,
0x8f659effU, 0xf862ae69U, 0x616bffd3U, 0x166ccf45U, 0xa00ae278U,
0xd70dd2eeU, 0x4e048354U, 0x3903b3c2U, 0xa7672661U, 0xd06016f7U,
0x4969474dU, 0x3e6e77dbU, 0xaed16a4aU, 0xd9d65adcU, 0x40df0b66U,
0x37d83bf0U, 0xa9bcae53U, 0xdebb9ec5U, 0x47b2cf7fU, 0x30b5ffe9U,
0xbdbdf21cU, 0xcabac28aU, 0x53b39330U, 0x24b4a3a6U, 0xbad03605U,
0xcdd70693U, 0x54de5729U, 0x23d967bfU, 0xb3667a2eU, 0xc4614ab8U,
0x5d681b02U, 0x2a6f2b94U, 0xb40bbe37U, 0xc30c8ea1U, 0x5a05df1bU,
0x2d02ef8dU
};
static unsigned int
internal_crc32(const unsigned char *bin_data, Py_ssize_t len, unsigned int crc)
{ /* By Jim Ahlstrom; All rights transferred to CNRI */
unsigned int result;
crc = ~ crc;
while (len-- > 0) {
crc = crc_32_tab[(crc ^ *bin_data++) & 0xff] ^ (crc >> 8);
/* Note: (crc >> 8) MUST zero fill on left */
}
result = (crc ^ 0xFFFFFFFF);
return result & 0xffffffff;
}
#endif /* USE_ZLIB_CRC32 */
/*[clinic input]
binascii.crc32 -> unsigned_int
data: Py_buffer
crc: unsigned_int(bitwise=True) = 0
/
Compute CRC-32 incrementally.
[clinic start generated code]*/
static unsigned int
binascii_crc32_impl(PyObject *module, Py_buffer *data, unsigned int crc)
/*[clinic end generated code: output=52cf59056a78593b input=bbe340bc99d25aa8]*/
#ifdef USE_ZLIB_CRC32
/* This is the same as zlibmodule.c zlib_crc32_impl. It exists in two
* modules for historical reasons. */
{
/* Releasing the GIL for very small buffers is inefficient
and may lower performance */
if (data->len > 1024*5) {
unsigned char *buf = data->buf;
Py_ssize_t len = data->len;
Py_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS
/* Avoid truncation of length for very large buffers. crc32() takes
length as an unsigned int, which may be narrower than Py_ssize_t.
We further limit size due to bugs in Apple's macOS zlib.
See https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/105967
*/
#define ZLIB_CRC_CHUNK_SIZE 0x40000000
#if ZLIB_CRC_CHUNK_SIZE > INT_MAX
# error "unsupported less than 32-bit platform?"
#endif
while ((size_t)len > ZLIB_CRC_CHUNK_SIZE) {
crc = crc32(crc, buf, ZLIB_CRC_CHUNK_SIZE);
buf += (size_t) ZLIB_CRC_CHUNK_SIZE;
len -= (size_t) ZLIB_CRC_CHUNK_SIZE;
}
#undef ZLIB_CRC_CHUNK_SIZE
crc = crc32(crc, buf, (unsigned int)len);
Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS
} else {
crc = crc32(crc, data->buf, (unsigned int)data->len);
}
return crc & 0xffffffff;
}
#else /* USE_ZLIB_CRC32 */
{
const unsigned char *bin_data = data->buf;
Py_ssize_t len = data->len;
/* Releasing the GIL for very small buffers is inefficient
and may lower performance */
if (len > 1024*5) {
unsigned int result;
Py_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS
result = internal_crc32(bin_data, len, crc);
Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS
return result;
} else {
return internal_crc32(bin_data, len, crc);
}
}
#endif /* USE_ZLIB_CRC32 */
/*[clinic input]
binascii.b2a_hex
data: Py_buffer
sep: object = NULL
An optional single character or byte to separate hex bytes.
bytes_per_sep: int = 1
How many bytes between separators. Positive values count from the
right, negative values count from the left.
Hexadecimal representation of binary data.
The return value is a bytes object. This function is also
available as "hexlify()".
Example:
>>> binascii.b2a_hex(b'\xb9\x01\xef')
b'b901ef'
>>> binascii.hexlify(b'\xb9\x01\xef', ':')
b'b9:01:ef'
>>> binascii.b2a_hex(b'\xb9\x01\xef', b'_', 2)
b'b9_01ef'
[clinic start generated code]*/
static PyObject *
binascii_b2a_hex_impl(PyObject *module, Py_buffer *data, PyObject *sep,
int bytes_per_sep)
/*[clinic end generated code: output=a26937946a81d2c7 input=ec0ade6ba2e43543]*/
{
return _Py_strhex_bytes_with_sep((const char *)data->buf, data->len,
sep, bytes_per_sep);
}
/*[clinic input]
binascii.hexlify = binascii.b2a_hex
Hexadecimal representation of binary data.
The return value is a bytes object. This function is also
available as "b2a_hex()".
[clinic start generated code]*/
static PyObject *
binascii_hexlify_impl(PyObject *module, Py_buffer *data, PyObject *sep,
int bytes_per_sep)
/*[clinic end generated code: output=d12aa1b001b15199 input=bc317bd4e241f76b]*/
{
return _Py_strhex_bytes_with_sep((const char *)data->buf, data->len,
sep, bytes_per_sep);
}
/*[clinic input]
binascii.a2b_hex
hexstr: ascii_buffer
/
Binary data of hexadecimal representation.
hexstr must contain an even number of hex digits (upper or lower case).
This function is also available as "unhexlify()".
[clinic start generated code]*/
static PyObject *
binascii_a2b_hex_impl(PyObject *module, Py_buffer *hexstr)
/*[clinic end generated code: output=0cc1a139af0eeecb input=9e1e7f2f94db24fd]*/
{
const char* argbuf;
Py_ssize_t arglen;
PyObject *retval;
char* retbuf;
Py_ssize_t i, j;
binascii_state *state;
argbuf = hexstr->buf;
arglen = hexstr->len;
assert(arglen >= 0);
/* XXX What should we do about strings with an odd length? Should
* we add an implicit leading zero, or a trailing zero? For now,
* raise an exception.
*/
if (arglen % 2) {
state = get_binascii_state(module);
if (state == NULL) {
return NULL;
}
PyErr_SetString(state->Error, "Odd-length string");
return NULL;
}
retval = PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(NULL, (arglen/2));
if (!retval)
return NULL;
retbuf = PyBytes_AS_STRING(retval);
for (i=j=0; i < arglen; i += 2) {
unsigned int top = _PyLong_DigitValue[Py_CHARMASK(argbuf[i])];
unsigned int bot = _PyLong_DigitValue[Py_CHARMASK(argbuf[i+1])];
if (top >= 16 || bot >= 16) {
state = get_binascii_state(module);
if (state == NULL) {
return NULL;
}
PyErr_SetString(state->Error,
"Non-hexadecimal digit found");
goto finally;
}
retbuf[j++] = (top << 4) + bot;
}
return retval;
finally:
Py_DECREF(retval);
return NULL;
}
/*[clinic input]
binascii.unhexlify = binascii.a2b_hex
Binary data of hexadecimal representation.
hexstr must contain an even number of hex digits (upper or lower case).
[clinic start generated code]*/
static PyObject *
binascii_unhexlify_impl(PyObject *module, Py_buffer *hexstr)
/*[clinic end generated code: output=51a64c06c79629e3 input=dd8c012725f462da]*/
{
return binascii_a2b_hex_impl(module, hexstr);
}
#define MAXLINESIZE 76
/*[clinic input]
binascii.a2b_qp
data: ascii_buffer
header: bool = False
Decode a string of qp-encoded data.
[clinic start generated code]*/
static PyObject *
binascii_a2b_qp_impl(PyObject *module, Py_buffer *data, int header)
/*[clinic end generated code: output=e99f7846cfb9bc53 input=bdfb31598d4e47b9]*/
{
Py_ssize_t in, out;
char ch;
const unsigned char *ascii_data;
unsigned char *odata;
Py_ssize_t datalen = 0;
PyObject *rv;
ascii_data = data->buf;
datalen = data->len;
/* We allocate the output same size as input, this is overkill.
*/
odata = (unsigned char *) PyMem_Calloc(1, datalen);
if (odata == NULL) {
PyErr_NoMemory();
return NULL;
}
in = out = 0;
while (in < datalen) {
if (ascii_data[in] == '=') {
in++;
if (in >= datalen) break;
/* Soft line breaks */
if ((ascii_data[in] == '\n') || (ascii_data[in] == '\r')) {
if (ascii_data[in] != '\n') {
while (in < datalen && ascii_data[in] != '\n') in++;
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