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/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Copyright (c) 2018-2023, Microsoft Research, Daan Leijen
This is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
terms of the MIT license. A copy of the license can be found in the file
"LICENSE" at the root of this distribution.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#pragma once
#ifndef MIMALLOC_PRIM_H
#define MIMALLOC_PRIM_H
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
// This file specifies the primitive portability API.
// Each OS/host needs to implement these primitives, see `src/prim`
// for implementations on Window, macOS, WASI, and Linux/Unix.
//
// note: on all primitive functions, we always have result parameters != NUL, and:
// addr != NULL and page aligned
// size > 0 and page aligned
// return value is an error code an int where 0 is success.
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
// OS memory configuration
typedef struct mi_os_mem_config_s {
size_t page_size; // 4KiB
size_t large_page_size; // 2MiB
size_t alloc_granularity; // smallest allocation size (on Windows 64KiB)
bool has_overcommit; // can we reserve more memory than can be actually committed?
bool must_free_whole; // must allocated blocks be freed as a whole (false for mmap, true for VirtualAlloc)
bool has_virtual_reserve; // supports virtual address space reservation? (if true we can reserve virtual address space without using commit or physical memory)
} mi_os_mem_config_t;
// Initialize
void _mi_prim_mem_init( mi_os_mem_config_t* config );
// Free OS memory
int _mi_prim_free(void* addr, size_t size );
// Allocate OS memory. Return NULL on error.
// The `try_alignment` is just a hint and the returned pointer does not have to be aligned.
// If `commit` is false, the virtual memory range only needs to be reserved (with no access)
// which will later be committed explicitly using `_mi_prim_commit`.
// `is_zero` is set to true if the memory was zero initialized (as on most OS's)
// pre: !commit => !allow_large
// try_alignment >= _mi_os_page_size() and a power of 2
int _mi_prim_alloc(size_t size, size_t try_alignment, bool commit, bool allow_large, bool* is_large, bool* is_zero, void** addr);
// Commit memory. Returns error code or 0 on success.
// For example, on Linux this would make the memory PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE.
// `is_zero` is set to true if the memory was zero initialized (e.g. on Windows)
int _mi_prim_commit(void* addr, size_t size, bool* is_zero);
// Decommit memory. Returns error code or 0 on success. The `needs_recommit` result is true
// if the memory would need to be re-committed. For example, on Windows this is always true,
// but on Linux we could use MADV_DONTNEED to decommit which does not need a recommit.
// pre: needs_recommit != NULL
int _mi_prim_decommit(void* addr, size_t size, bool* needs_recommit);
// Reset memory. The range keeps being accessible but the content might be reset.
// Returns error code or 0 on success.
int _mi_prim_reset(void* addr, size_t size);
// Protect memory. Returns error code or 0 on success.
int _mi_prim_protect(void* addr, size_t size, bool protect);
// Allocate huge (1GiB) pages possibly associated with a NUMA node.
// `is_zero` is set to true if the memory was zero initialized (as on most OS's)
// pre: size > 0 and a multiple of 1GiB.
// numa_node is either negative (don't care), or a numa node number.
int _mi_prim_alloc_huge_os_pages(void* hint_addr, size_t size, int numa_node, bool* is_zero, void** addr);
// Return the current NUMA node
size_t _mi_prim_numa_node(void);
// Return the number of logical NUMA nodes
size_t _mi_prim_numa_node_count(void);
// Clock ticks
mi_msecs_t _mi_prim_clock_now(void);
// Return process information (only for statistics)
typedef struct mi_process_info_s {
mi_msecs_t elapsed;
mi_msecs_t utime;
mi_msecs_t stime;
size_t current_rss;
size_t peak_rss;
size_t current_commit;
size_t peak_commit;
size_t page_faults;
} mi_process_info_t;
void _mi_prim_process_info(mi_process_info_t* pinfo);
// Default stderr output. (only for warnings etc. with verbose enabled)
// msg != NULL && _mi_strlen(msg) > 0
void _mi_prim_out_stderr( const char* msg );
// Get an environment variable. (only for options)
// name != NULL, result != NULL, result_size >= 64
bool _mi_prim_getenv(const char* name, char* result, size_t result_size);
// Fill a buffer with strong randomness; return `false` on error or if
// there is no strong randomization available.
bool _mi_prim_random_buf(void* buf, size_t buf_len);
// Called on the first thread start, and should ensure `_mi_thread_done` is called on thread termination.
void _mi_prim_thread_init_auto_done(void);
// Called on process exit and may take action to clean up resources associated with the thread auto done.
void _mi_prim_thread_done_auto_done(void);
// Called when the default heap for a thread changes
void _mi_prim_thread_associate_default_heap(mi_heap_t* heap);
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
// Thread id: `_mi_prim_thread_id()`
//
// Getting the thread id should be performant as it is called in the
// fast path of `_mi_free` and we specialize for various platforms as
// inlined definitions. Regular code should call `init.c:_mi_thread_id()`.
// We only require _mi_prim_thread_id() to return a unique id
// for each thread (unequal to zero).
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
// defined in `init.c`; do not use these directly
extern mi_decl_thread mi_heap_t* _mi_heap_default; // default heap to allocate from
extern bool _mi_process_is_initialized; // has mi_process_init been called?
static inline mi_threadid_t _mi_prim_thread_id(void) mi_attr_noexcept;
#ifdef MI_PRIM_THREAD_ID
static inline mi_threadid_t _mi_prim_thread_id(void) mi_attr_noexcept {
return MI_PRIM_THREAD_ID();
}
#elif defined(_WIN32)
#define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
#include <windows.h>
static inline mi_threadid_t _mi_prim_thread_id(void) mi_attr_noexcept {
// Windows: works on Intel and ARM in both 32- and 64-bit
return (uintptr_t)NtCurrentTeb();
}
// We use assembly for a fast thread id on the main platforms. The TLS layout depends on
// both the OS and libc implementation so we use specific tests for each main platform.
// If you test on another platform and it works please send a PR :-)
// see also https://akkadia.org/drepper/tls.pdf for more info on the TLS register.
#elif defined(__GNUC__) && ( \
(defined(__GLIBC__) && (defined(__x86_64__) || defined(__i386__) || (defined(__arm__) && __ARM_ARCH >= 7) || defined(__aarch64__))) \
|| (defined(__APPLE__) && (defined(__x86_64__) || defined(__aarch64__))) \
|| (defined(__BIONIC__) && (defined(__x86_64__) || defined(__i386__) || (defined(__arm__) && __ARM_ARCH >= 7) || defined(__aarch64__))) \
|| (defined(__FreeBSD__) && (defined(__x86_64__) || defined(__i386__) || defined(__aarch64__))) \
|| (defined(__OpenBSD__) && (defined(__x86_64__) || defined(__i386__) || defined(__aarch64__))) \
)
static inline void* mi_prim_tls_slot(size_t slot) mi_attr_noexcept {
void* res;
const size_t ofs = (slot*sizeof(void*));
#if defined(__i386__)
__asm__("movl %%gs:%1, %0" : "=r" (res) : "m" (*((void**)ofs)) : ); // x86 32-bit always uses GS
#elif defined(__APPLE__) && defined(__x86_64__)
__asm__("movq %%gs:%1, %0" : "=r" (res) : "m" (*((void**)ofs)) : ); // x86_64 macOSX uses GS
#elif defined(__x86_64__) && (MI_INTPTR_SIZE==4)
__asm__("movl %%fs:%1, %0" : "=r" (res) : "m" (*((void**)ofs)) : ); // x32 ABI
#elif defined(__x86_64__)
__asm__("movq %%fs:%1, %0" : "=r" (res) : "m" (*((void**)ofs)) : ); // x86_64 Linux, BSD uses FS
#elif defined(__arm__)
void** tcb; MI_UNUSED(ofs);
__asm__ volatile ("mrc p15, 0, %0, c13, c0, 3\nbic %0, %0, #3" : "=r" (tcb));
res = tcb[slot];
#elif defined(__aarch64__)
void** tcb; MI_UNUSED(ofs);
#if defined(__APPLE__) // M1, issue #343
__asm__ volatile ("mrs %0, tpidrro_el0\nbic %0, %0, #7" : "=r" (tcb));
#else
__asm__ volatile ("mrs %0, tpidr_el0" : "=r" (tcb));
#endif
res = tcb[slot];
#endif
return res;
}
// setting a tls slot is only used on macOS for now
static inline void mi_prim_tls_slot_set(size_t slot, void* value) mi_attr_noexcept {
const size_t ofs = (slot*sizeof(void*));
#if defined(__i386__)
__asm__("movl %1,%%gs:%0" : "=m" (*((void**)ofs)) : "rn" (value) : ); // 32-bit always uses GS
#elif defined(__APPLE__) && defined(__x86_64__)
__asm__("movq %1,%%gs:%0" : "=m" (*((void**)ofs)) : "rn" (value) : ); // x86_64 macOS uses GS
#elif defined(__x86_64__) && (MI_INTPTR_SIZE==4)
__asm__("movl %1,%%fs:%0" : "=m" (*((void**)ofs)) : "rn" (value) : ); // x32 ABI
#elif defined(__x86_64__)
__asm__("movq %1,%%fs:%0" : "=m" (*((void**)ofs)) : "rn" (value) : ); // x86_64 Linux, BSD uses FS
#elif defined(__arm__)
void** tcb; MI_UNUSED(ofs);
__asm__ volatile ("mrc p15, 0, %0, c13, c0, 3\nbic %0, %0, #3" : "=r" (tcb));
tcb[slot] = value;
#elif defined(__aarch64__)
void** tcb; MI_UNUSED(ofs);
#if defined(__APPLE__) // M1, issue #343
__asm__ volatile ("mrs %0, tpidrro_el0\nbic %0, %0, #7" : "=r" (tcb));
#else
__asm__ volatile ("mrs %0, tpidr_el0" : "=r" (tcb));
#endif
tcb[slot] = value;
#endif
}
static inline mi_threadid_t _mi_prim_thread_id(void) mi_attr_noexcept {
#if defined(__BIONIC__)
// issue #384, #495: on the Bionic libc (Android), slot 1 is the thread id
// see: https://github.com/aosp-mirror/platform_bionic/blob/c44b1d0676ded732df4b3b21c5f798eacae93228/libc/platform/bionic/tls_defines.h#L86
return (uintptr_t)mi_prim_tls_slot(1);
#else
// in all our other targets, slot 0 is the thread id
// glibc: https://sourceware.org/git/?p=glibc.git;a=blob_plain;f=sysdeps/x86_64/nptl/tls.h
// apple: https://github.com/apple/darwin-xnu/blob/main/libsyscall/os/tsd.h#L36
return (uintptr_t)mi_prim_tls_slot(0);
#endif
}
#else
// otherwise use portable C, taking the address of a thread local variable (this is still very fast on most platforms).
static inline mi_threadid_t _mi_prim_thread_id(void) mi_attr_noexcept {
return (uintptr_t)&_mi_heap_default;
}
#endif
/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The thread local default heap: `_mi_prim_get_default_heap()`
This is inlined here as it is on the fast path for allocation functions.
On most platforms (Windows, Linux, FreeBSD, NetBSD, etc), this just returns a
__thread local variable (`_mi_heap_default`). With the initial-exec TLS model this ensures
that the storage will always be available (allocated on the thread stacks).
On some platforms though we cannot use that when overriding `malloc` since the underlying
TLS implementation (or the loader) will call itself `malloc` on a first access and recurse.
We try to circumvent this in an efficient way:
- macOSX : we use an unused TLS slot from the OS allocated slots (MI_TLS_SLOT). On OSX, the
loader itself calls `malloc` even before the modules are initialized.
- OpenBSD: we use an unused slot from the pthread block (MI_TLS_PTHREAD_SLOT_OFS).
- DragonFly: defaults are working but seem slow compared to freeBSD (see PR #323)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
static inline mi_heap_t* mi_prim_get_default_heap(void);
#if defined(MI_MALLOC_OVERRIDE)
#if defined(__APPLE__) // macOS
#define MI_TLS_SLOT 89 // seems unused?
// #define MI_TLS_RECURSE_GUARD 1
// other possible unused ones are 9, 29, __PTK_FRAMEWORK_JAVASCRIPTCORE_KEY4 (94), __PTK_FRAMEWORK_GC_KEY9 (112) and __PTK_FRAMEWORK_OLDGC_KEY9 (89)
// see <https://github.com/rweichler/substrate/blob/master/include/pthread_machdep.h>
#elif defined(__OpenBSD__)
// use end bytes of a name; goes wrong if anyone uses names > 23 characters (ptrhread specifies 16)
// see <https://github.com/openbsd/src/blob/master/lib/libc/include/thread_private.h#L371>
#define MI_TLS_PTHREAD_SLOT_OFS (6*sizeof(int) + 4*sizeof(void*) + 24)
// #elif defined(__DragonFly__)
// #warning "mimalloc is not working correctly on DragonFly yet."
// #define MI_TLS_PTHREAD_SLOT_OFS (4 + 1*sizeof(void*)) // offset `uniqueid` (also used by gdb?) <https://github.com/DragonFlyBSD/DragonFlyBSD/blob/master/lib/libthread_xu/thread/thr_private.h#L458>
#elif defined(__ANDROID__)
// See issue #381
#define MI_TLS_PTHREAD
#endif
#endif
#if defined(MI_TLS_SLOT)
static inline mi_heap_t* mi_prim_get_default_heap(void) {
mi_heap_t* heap = (mi_heap_t*)mi_prim_tls_slot(MI_TLS_SLOT);
if mi_unlikely(heap == NULL) {
#ifdef __GNUC__
__asm(""); // prevent conditional load of the address of _mi_heap_empty
#endif
heap = (mi_heap_t*)&_mi_heap_empty;
}
return heap;
}
#elif defined(MI_TLS_PTHREAD_SLOT_OFS)
static inline mi_heap_t** mi_prim_tls_pthread_heap_slot(void) {
pthread_t self = pthread_self();
#if defined(__DragonFly__)
if (self==NULL) return NULL;
#endif
return (mi_heap_t**)((uint8_t*)self + MI_TLS_PTHREAD_SLOT_OFS);
}
static inline mi_heap_t* mi_prim_get_default_heap(void) {
mi_heap_t** pheap = mi_prim_tls_pthread_heap_slot();
if mi_unlikely(pheap == NULL) return _mi_heap_main_get();
mi_heap_t* heap = *pheap;
if mi_unlikely(heap == NULL) return (mi_heap_t*)&_mi_heap_empty;
return heap;
}
#elif defined(MI_TLS_PTHREAD)
extern pthread_key_t _mi_heap_default_key;
static inline mi_heap_t* mi_prim_get_default_heap(void) {
mi_heap_t* heap = (mi_unlikely(_mi_heap_default_key == (pthread_key_t)(-1)) ? _mi_heap_main_get() : (mi_heap_t*)pthread_getspecific(_mi_heap_default_key));
return (mi_unlikely(heap == NULL) ? (mi_heap_t*)&_mi_heap_empty : heap);
}
#else // default using a thread local variable; used on most platforms.
static inline mi_heap_t* mi_prim_get_default_heap(void) {
#if defined(MI_TLS_RECURSE_GUARD)
if (mi_unlikely(!_mi_process_is_initialized)) return _mi_heap_main_get();
#endif
return _mi_heap_default;
}
#endif // mi_prim_get_default_heap()
#endif // MIMALLOC_PRIM_H
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