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// gh-91321: Very basic C++ test extension to check that the Python C API is

// compatible with C++ and does not emit C++ compiler warnings.

// The code is only built, not executed.

// Always enable assertions

#undef NDEBUG

#include "Python.h"

#ifndef MODULE_NAME

# error "MODULE_NAME macro must be defined"

#endif

#define _STR(NAME) #NAME

#define STR(NAME) _STR(NAME)

PyDoc_STRVAR(_testcppext_add_doc,

"add(x, y)\n"

"\n"

"Return the sum of two integers: x + y.");

static PyObject *

_testcppext_add(PyObject *Py_UNUSED(module), PyObject *args)

{

long i, j;

if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "ll:foo", &i, &j)) {

return _Py_NULL;

}

long res = i + j;

return PyLong_FromLong(res);

}

// Class to test operator casting an object to PyObject*

class StrongRef

{

public:

StrongRef(PyObject *obj) : m_obj(obj) {

Py_INCREF(this->m_obj);

}

~StrongRef() {

Py_DECREF(this->m_obj);

}

// Cast to PyObject*: get a borrowed reference

inline operator PyObject*() const { return this->m_obj; }

private:

PyObject *m_obj; // Strong reference

};

static PyObject *

test_api_casts(PyObject *Py_UNUSED(module), PyObject *Py_UNUSED(args))

{

PyObject *obj = Py_BuildValue("(ii)", 1, 2);

if (obj == _Py_NULL) {

return _Py_NULL;

}

Py_ssize_t refcnt = Py_REFCNT(obj);

assert(refcnt >= 1);

#ifndef Py_LIMITED_API

// gh-92138: For backward compatibility, functions of Python C API accepts

// "const PyObject*". Check that using it does not emit C++ compiler

// warnings.

const PyObject *const_obj = obj;

Py_INCREF(const_obj);

Py_DECREF(const_obj);

PyTypeObject *type = Py_TYPE(const_obj);

assert(Py_REFCNT(const_obj) == refcnt);

assert(type == &PyTuple_Type);

assert(PyTuple_GET_SIZE(const_obj) == 2);

PyObject *one = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(const_obj, 0);

assert(PyLong_AsLong(one) == 1);

#endif

// gh-92898: StrongRef doesn't inherit from PyObject but has an operator to

// cast to PyObject*.

StrongRef strong_ref(obj);

assert(Py_TYPE(strong_ref) == &PyTuple_Type);

assert(Py_REFCNT(strong_ref) == (refcnt + 1));

Py_INCREF(strong_ref);

Py_DECREF(strong_ref);

// gh-93442: Pass 0 as NULL for PyObject*

Py_XINCREF(0);

Py_XDECREF(0);

#if __cplusplus >= 201103

// Test nullptr passed as PyObject*

Py_XINCREF(nullptr);

Py_XDECREF(nullptr);

#endif

Py_DECREF(obj);

Py_RETURN_NONE;

}

static PyObject *

test_unicode(PyObject *Py_UNUSED(module), PyObject *Py_UNUSED(args))

{

PyObject *str = PyUnicode_FromString("abc");

if (str == _Py_NULL) {

return _Py_NULL;

}

assert(PyUnicode_Check(str));

assert(PyUnicode_GetLength(str) == 3);

assert(PyUnicode_ReadChar(str, 0) == 'a');

assert(PyUnicode_ReadChar(str, 1) == 'b');

#ifndef Py_LIMITED_API

assert(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(str) == 3);

// gh-92800: test PyUnicode_READ()

const void* data = PyUnicode_DATA(str);

assert(data != _Py_NULL);

int kind = PyUnicode_KIND(str);

assert(kind == PyUnicode_1BYTE_KIND);

assert(PyUnicode_READ(kind, data, 0) == 'a');

// gh-92800: test PyUnicode_READ() casts

const void* const_data = PyUnicode_DATA(str);

unsigned int ukind = static_cast<unsigned int>(kind);

assert(PyUnicode_READ(ukind, const_data, 2) == 'c');

assert(PyUnicode_READ_CHAR(str, 1) == 'b');

#endif

Py_DECREF(str);

Py_RETURN_NONE;

}

/* Test a `new`-allocated object with a virtual method.

* (https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/94731) */

class VirtualPyObject : public PyObject {

public:

VirtualPyObject();

virtual ~VirtualPyObject() {

delete [] internal_data;

--instance_count;

}

virtual void set_internal_data() {

internal_data[0] = 1;

}

static void dealloc(PyObject* o) {

delete static_cast<VirtualPyObject*>(o);

}

// Number of "living" instances

static int instance_count;

private:

// buffer that can get corrupted

int* internal_data;

};

int VirtualPyObject::instance_count = 0;

PyType_Slot VirtualPyObject_Slots[] = {

{Py_tp_free, (void*)VirtualPyObject::dealloc},

{0, _Py_NULL},

};

PyType_Spec VirtualPyObject_Spec = {

/* .name */ STR(MODULE_NAME) ".VirtualPyObject",

/* .basicsize */ sizeof(VirtualPyObject),

/* .itemsize */ 0,

/* .flags */ Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT,

/* .slots */ VirtualPyObject_Slots,

};

VirtualPyObject::VirtualPyObject() {

// Create a temporary type (just so we don't need to store it)

PyObject *type = PyType_FromSpec(&VirtualPyObject_Spec);

// no good way to signal failure from a C++ constructor, so use assert

// for error handling

assert(type);

assert(PyObject_Init(this, (PyTypeObject *)type));

Py_DECREF(type);

internal_data = new int[50];

++instance_count;

}

static PyObject *

test_virtual_object(PyObject *Py_UNUSED(module), PyObject *Py_UNUSED(args))

{

VirtualPyObject* obj = new VirtualPyObject();

obj->set_internal_data();

Py_DECREF(obj);

if (VirtualPyObject::instance_count != 0) {

return PyErr_Format(

PyExc_AssertionError,

"instance_count should be 0, got %d",

VirtualPyObject::instance_count);

}

Py_RETURN_NONE;

}

static PyMethodDef _testcppext_methods[] = {

{"add", _testcppext_add, METH_VARARGS, _testcppext_add_doc},

{"test_api_casts", test_api_casts, METH_NOARGS, _Py_NULL},

{"test_unicode", test_unicode, METH_NOARGS, _Py_NULL},

{"test_virtual_object", test_virtual_object, METH_NOARGS, _Py_NULL},

// Note: _testcppext_exec currently runs all test functions directly.

// When adding a new one, add a call there.

{_Py_NULL, _Py_NULL, 0, _Py_NULL} /* sentinel */

};

static int

_testcppext_exec(PyObject *module)

{

if (PyModule_AddIntMacro(module, __cplusplus) < 0) {

return -1;

}

PyObject *result;

result = PyObject_CallMethod(module, "test_api_casts", "");

if (!result) return -1;

Py_DECREF(result);

result = PyObject_CallMethod(module, "test_unicode", "");

if (!result) return -1;

Py_DECREF(result);

result = PyObject_CallMethod(module, "test_virtual_object", "");

if (!result) return -1;

Py_DECREF(result);

// test Py_BUILD_ASSERT() and Py_BUILD_ASSERT_EXPR()

Py_BUILD_ASSERT(sizeof(int) == sizeof(unsigned int));

assert(Py_BUILD_ASSERT_EXPR(sizeof(int) == sizeof(unsigned int)) == 0);

return 0;

}

static PyModuleDef_Slot _testcppext_slots[] = {

{Py_mod_exec, reinterpret_cast<void*>(_testcppext_exec)},

{0, _Py_NULL}

};

PyDoc_STRVAR(_testcppext_doc, "C++ test extension.");

static struct PyModuleDef _testcppext_module = {

PyModuleDef_HEAD_INIT, // m_base

STR(MODULE_NAME), // m_name

_testcppext_doc, // m_doc

0, // m_size

_testcppext_methods, // m_methods

_testcppext_slots, // m_slots

_Py_NULL, // m_traverse

_Py_NULL, // m_clear

_Py_NULL, // m_free

};

#define _FUNC_NAME(NAME) PyInit_ ## NAME

#define FUNC_NAME(NAME) _FUNC_NAME(NAME)

PyMODINIT_FUNC

FUNC_NAME(MODULE_NAME)(void)

{

return PyModuleDef_Init(&_testcppext_module);

}

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