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""" codecs -- Python Codec Registry, API and helpers.
Written by Marc-Andre Lemburg (mal@lemburg.com).
(c) Copyright CNRI, All Rights Reserved. NO WARRANTY.
"""
import builtins
import sys
### Registry and builtin stateless codec functions
try:
from _codecs import *
except ImportError as why:
raise SystemError('Failed to load the builtin codecs: %s' % why)
__all__ = ["register", "lookup", "open", "EncodedFile", "BOM", "BOM_BE",
"BOM_LE", "BOM32_BE", "BOM32_LE", "BOM64_BE", "BOM64_LE",
"BOM_UTF8", "BOM_UTF16", "BOM_UTF16_LE", "BOM_UTF16_BE",
"BOM_UTF32", "BOM_UTF32_LE", "BOM_UTF32_BE",
"CodecInfo", "Codec", "IncrementalEncoder", "IncrementalDecoder",
"StreamReader", "StreamWriter",
"StreamReaderWriter", "StreamRecoder",
"getencoder", "getdecoder", "getincrementalencoder",
"getincrementaldecoder", "getreader", "getwriter",
"encode", "decode", "iterencode", "iterdecode",
"strict_errors", "ignore_errors", "replace_errors",
"xmlcharrefreplace_errors",
"backslashreplace_errors", "namereplace_errors",
"register_error", "lookup_error"]
### Constants
#
# Byte Order Mark (BOM = ZERO WIDTH NO-BREAK SPACE = U+FEFF)
# and its possible byte string values
# for UTF8/UTF16/UTF32 output and little/big endian machines
#
# UTF-8
BOM_UTF8 = b'\xef\xbb\xbf'
# UTF-16, little endian
BOM_LE = BOM_UTF16_LE = b'\xff\xfe'
# UTF-16, big endian
BOM_BE = BOM_UTF16_BE = b'\xfe\xff'
# UTF-32, little endian
BOM_UTF32_LE = b'\xff\xfe\x00\x00'
# UTF-32, big endian
BOM_UTF32_BE = b'\x00\x00\xfe\xff'
if sys.byteorder == 'little':
# UTF-16, native endianness
BOM = BOM_UTF16 = BOM_UTF16_LE
# UTF-32, native endianness
BOM_UTF32 = BOM_UTF32_LE
else:
# UTF-16, native endianness
BOM = BOM_UTF16 = BOM_UTF16_BE
# UTF-32, native endianness
BOM_UTF32 = BOM_UTF32_BE
# Old broken names (don't use in new code)
BOM32_LE = BOM_UTF16_LE
BOM32_BE = BOM_UTF16_BE
BOM64_LE = BOM_UTF32_LE
BOM64_BE = BOM_UTF32_BE
### Codec base classes (defining the API)
class CodecInfo(tuple):
"""Codec details when looking up the codec registry"""
# Private API to allow Python 3.4 to denylist the known non-Unicode
# codecs in the standard library. A more general mechanism to
# reliably distinguish test encodings from other codecs will hopefully
# be defined for Python 3.5
#
# See http://bugs.python.org/issue19619
_is_text_encoding = True # Assume codecs are text encodings by default
def __new__(cls, encode, decode, streamreader=None, streamwriter=None,
incrementalencoder=None, incrementaldecoder=None, name=None,
*, _is_text_encoding=None):
self = tuple.__new__(cls, (encode, decode, streamreader, streamwriter))
self.name = name
self.encode = encode
self.decode = decode
self.incrementalencoder = incrementalencoder
self.incrementaldecoder = incrementaldecoder
self.streamwriter = streamwriter
self.streamreader = streamreader
if _is_text_encoding is not None:
self._is_text_encoding = _is_text_encoding
return self
def __repr__(self):
return "<%s.%s object for encoding %s at %#x>" % \
(self.__class__.__module__, self.__class__.__qualname__,
self.name, id(self))
class Codec:
""" Defines the interface for stateless encoders/decoders.
The .encode()/.decode() methods may use different error
handling schemes by providing the errors argument. These
string values are predefined:
'strict' - raise a ValueError error (or a subclass)
'ignore' - ignore the character and continue with the next
'replace' - replace with a suitable replacement character;
Python will use the official U+FFFD REPLACEMENT
CHARACTER for the builtin Unicode codecs on
decoding and '?' on encoding.
'surrogateescape' - replace with private code points U+DCnn.
'xmlcharrefreplace' - Replace with the appropriate XML
character reference (only for encoding).
'backslashreplace' - Replace with backslashed escape sequences.
'namereplace' - Replace with \\N{...} escape sequences
(only for encoding).
The set of allowed values can be extended via register_error.
"""
def encode(self, input, errors='strict'):
""" Encodes the object input and returns a tuple (output
object, length consumed).
errors defines the error handling to apply. It defaults to
'strict' handling.
The method may not store state in the Codec instance. Use
StreamWriter for codecs which have to keep state in order to
make encoding efficient.
The encoder must be able to handle zero length input and
return an empty object of the output object type in this
situation.
"""
raise NotImplementedError
def decode(self, input, errors='strict'):
""" Decodes the object input and returns a tuple (output
object, length consumed).
input must be an object which provides the bf_getreadbuf
buffer slot. Python strings, buffer objects and memory
mapped files are examples of objects providing this slot.
errors defines the error handling to apply. It defaults to
'strict' handling.
The method may not store state in the Codec instance. Use
StreamReader for codecs which have to keep state in order to
make decoding efficient.
The decoder must be able to handle zero length input and
return an empty object of the output object type in this
situation.
"""
raise NotImplementedError
class IncrementalEncoder(object):
"""
An IncrementalEncoder encodes an input in multiple steps. The input can
be passed piece by piece to the encode() method. The IncrementalEncoder
remembers the state of the encoding process between calls to encode().
"""
def __init__(self, errors='strict'):
"""
Creates an IncrementalEncoder instance.
The IncrementalEncoder may use different error handling schemes by
providing the errors keyword argument. See the module docstring
for a list of possible values.
"""
self.errors = errors
self.buffer = ""
def encode(self, input, final=False):
"""
Encodes input and returns the resulting object.
"""
raise NotImplementedError
def reset(self):
"""
Resets the encoder to the initial state.
"""
def getstate(self):
"""
Return the current state of the encoder.
"""
return 0
def setstate(self, state):
"""
Set the current state of the encoder. state must have been
returned by getstate().
"""
class BufferedIncrementalEncoder(IncrementalEncoder):
"""
This subclass of IncrementalEncoder can be used as the baseclass for an
incremental encoder if the encoder must keep some of the output in a
buffer between calls to encode().
"""
def __init__(self, errors='strict'):
IncrementalEncoder.__init__(self, errors)
# unencoded input that is kept between calls to encode()
self.buffer = ""
def _buffer_encode(self, input, errors, final):
# Overwrite this method in subclasses: It must encode input
# and return an (output, length consumed) tuple
raise NotImplementedError
def encode(self, input, final=False):
# encode input (taking the buffer into account)
data = self.buffer + input
(result, consumed) = self._buffer_encode(data, self.errors, final)
# keep unencoded input until the next call
self.buffer = data[consumed:]
return result
def reset(self):
IncrementalEncoder.reset(self)
self.buffer = ""
def getstate(self):
return self.buffer or 0
def setstate(self, state):
self.buffer = state or ""
class IncrementalDecoder(object):
"""
An IncrementalDecoder decodes an input in multiple steps. The input can
be passed piece by piece to the decode() method. The IncrementalDecoder
remembers the state of the decoding process between calls to decode().
"""
def __init__(self, errors='strict'):
"""
Create an IncrementalDecoder instance.
The IncrementalDecoder may use different error handling schemes by
providing the errors keyword argument. See the module docstring
for a list of possible values.
"""
self.errors = errors
def decode(self, input, final=False):
"""
Decode input and returns the resulting object.
"""
raise NotImplementedError
def reset(self):
"""
Reset the decoder to the initial state.
"""
def getstate(self):
"""
Return the current state of the decoder.
This must be a (buffered_input, additional_state_info) tuple.
buffered_input must be a bytes object containing bytes that
were passed to decode() that have not yet been converted.
additional_state_info must be a non-negative integer
representing the state of the decoder WITHOUT yet having
processed the contents of buffered_input. In the initial state
and after reset(), getstate() must return (b"", 0).
"""
return (b"", 0)
def setstate(self, state):
"""
Set the current state of the decoder.
state must have been returned by getstate(). The effect of
setstate((b"", 0)) must be equivalent to reset().
"""
class BufferedIncrementalDecoder(IncrementalDecoder):
"""
This subclass of IncrementalDecoder can be used as the baseclass for an
incremental decoder if the decoder must be able to handle incomplete
byte sequences.
"""
def __init__(self, errors='strict'):
IncrementalDecoder.__init__(self, errors)
# undecoded input that is kept between calls to decode()
self.buffer = b""
def _buffer_decode(self, input, errors, final):
# Overwrite this method in subclasses: It must decode input
# and return an (output, length consumed) tuple
raise NotImplementedError
def decode(self, input, final=False):
# decode input (taking the buffer into account)
data = self.buffer + input
(result, consumed) = self._buffer_decode(data, self.errors, final)
# keep undecoded input until the next call
self.buffer = data[consumed:]
return result
def reset(self):
IncrementalDecoder.reset(self)
self.buffer = b""
def getstate(self):
# additional state info is always 0
return (self.buffer, 0)
def setstate(self, state):
# ignore additional state info
self.buffer = state[0]
#
# The StreamWriter and StreamReader class provide generic working
# interfaces which can be used to implement new encoding submodules
# very easily. See encodings/utf_8.py for an example on how this is
# done.
#
class StreamWriter(Codec):
def __init__(self, stream, errors='strict'):
""" Creates a StreamWriter instance.
stream must be a file-like object open for writing.
The StreamWriter may use different error handling
schemes by providing the errors keyword argument. These
parameters are predefined:
'strict' - raise a ValueError (or a subclass)
'ignore' - ignore the character and continue with the next
'replace'- replace with a suitable replacement character
'xmlcharrefreplace' - Replace with the appropriate XML
character reference.
'backslashreplace' - Replace with backslashed escape
sequences.
'namereplace' - Replace with \\N{...} escape sequences.
The set of allowed parameter values can be extended via
register_error.
"""
self.stream = stream
self.errors = errors
def write(self, object):
""" Writes the object's contents encoded to self.stream.
"""
data, consumed = self.encode(object, self.errors)
self.stream.write(data)
def writelines(self, list):
""" Writes the concatenated list of strings to the stream
using .write().
"""
self.write(''.join(list))
def reset(self):
""" Resets the codec buffers used for keeping internal state.
Calling this method should ensure that the data on the
output is put into a clean state, that allows appending
of new fresh data without having to rescan the whole
stream to recover state.
"""
pass
def seek(self, offset, whence=0):
self.stream.seek(offset, whence)
if whence == 0 and offset == 0:
self.reset()
def __getattr__(self, name,
getattr=getattr):
""" Inherit all other methods from the underlying stream.
"""
return getattr(self.stream, name)
def __enter__(self):
return self
def __exit__(self, type, value, tb):
self.stream.close()
def __reduce_ex__(self, proto):
raise TypeError("can't serialize %s" % self.__class__.__name__)
###
class StreamReader(Codec):
charbuffertype = str
def __init__(self, stream, errors='strict'):
""" Creates a StreamReader instance.
stream must be a file-like object open for reading.
The StreamReader may use different error handling
schemes by providing the errors keyword argument. These
parameters are predefined:
'strict' - raise a ValueError (or a subclass)
'ignore' - ignore the character and continue with the next
'replace'- replace with a suitable replacement character
'backslashreplace' - Replace with backslashed escape sequences;
The set of allowed parameter values can be extended via
register_error.
"""
self.stream = stream
self.errors = errors
self.bytebuffer = b""
self._empty_charbuffer = self.charbuffertype()
self.charbuffer = self._empty_charbuffer
self.linebuffer = None
def decode(self, input, errors='strict'):
raise NotImplementedError
def read(self, size=-1, chars=-1, firstline=False):
""" Decodes data from the stream self.stream and returns the
resulting object.
chars indicates the number of decoded code points or bytes to
return. read() will never return more data than requested,
but it might return less, if there is not enough available.
size indicates the approximate maximum number of decoded
bytes or code points to read for decoding. The decoder
can modify this setting as appropriate. The default value
-1 indicates to read and decode as much as possible. size
is intended to prevent having to decode huge files in one
step.
If firstline is true, and a UnicodeDecodeError happens
after the first line terminator in the input only the first line
will be returned, the rest of the input will be kept until the
next call to read().
The method should use a greedy read strategy, meaning that
it should read as much data as is allowed within the
definition of the encoding and the given size, e.g. if
optional encoding endings or state markers are available
on the stream, these should be read too.
"""
# If we have lines cached, first merge them back into characters
if self.linebuffer:
self.charbuffer = self._empty_charbuffer.join(self.linebuffer)
self.linebuffer = None
if chars < 0:
# For compatibility with other read() methods that take a
# single argument
chars = size
# read until we get the required number of characters (if available)
while True:
# can the request be satisfied from the character buffer?
if chars >= 0:
if len(self.charbuffer) >= chars:
break
# we need more data
if size < 0:
newdata = self.stream.read()
else:
newdata = self.stream.read(size)
# decode bytes (those remaining from the last call included)
data = self.bytebuffer + newdata
if not data:
break
try:
newchars, decodedbytes = self.decode(data, self.errors)
except UnicodeDecodeError as exc:
if firstline:
newchars, decodedbytes = \
self.decode(data[:exc.start], self.errors)
lines = newchars.splitlines(keepends=True)
if len(lines)<=1:
raise
else:
raise
# keep undecoded bytes until the next call
self.bytebuffer = data[decodedbytes:]
# put new characters in the character buffer
self.charbuffer += newchars
# there was no data available
if not newdata:
break
if chars < 0:
# Return everything we've got
result = self.charbuffer
self.charbuffer = self._empty_charbuffer
else:
# Return the first chars characters
result = self.charbuffer[:chars]
self.charbuffer = self.charbuffer[chars:]
return result
def readline(self, size=None, keepends=True):
""" Read one line from the input stream and return the
decoded data.
size, if given, is passed as size argument to the
read() method.
"""
# If we have lines cached from an earlier read, return
# them unconditionally
if self.linebuffer:
line = self.linebuffer[0]
del self.linebuffer[0]
if len(self.linebuffer) == 1:
# revert to charbuffer mode; we might need more data
# next time
self.charbuffer = self.linebuffer[0]
self.linebuffer = None
if not keepends:
line = line.splitlines(keepends=False)[0]
return line
readsize = size or 72
line = self._empty_charbuffer
# If size is given, we call read() only once
while True:
data = self.read(readsize, firstline=True)
if data:
# If we're at a "\r" read one extra character (which might
# be a "\n") to get a proper line ending. If the stream is
# temporarily exhausted we return the wrong line ending.
if (isinstance(data, str) and data.endswith("\r")) or \
(isinstance(data, bytes) and data.endswith(b"\r")):
data += self.read(size=1, chars=1)
line += data
lines = line.splitlines(keepends=True)
if lines:
if len(lines) > 1:
# More than one line result; the first line is a full line
# to return
line = lines[0]
del lines[0]
if len(lines) > 1:
# cache the remaining lines
lines[-1] += self.charbuffer
self.linebuffer = lines
self.charbuffer = None
else:
# only one remaining line, put it back into charbuffer
self.charbuffer = lines[0] + self.charbuffer
if not keepends:
line = line.splitlines(keepends=False)[0]
break
line0withend = lines[0]
line0withoutend = lines[0].splitlines(keepends=False)[0]
if line0withend != line0withoutend: # We really have a line end
# Put the rest back together and keep it until the next call
self.charbuffer = self._empty_charbuffer.join(lines[1:]) + \
self.charbuffer
if keepends:
line = line0withend
else:
line = line0withoutend
break
# we didn't get anything or this was our only try
if not data or size is not None:
if line and not keepends:
line = line.splitlines(keepends=False)[0]
break
if readsize < 8000:
readsize *= 2
return line
def readlines(self, sizehint=None, keepends=True):
""" Read all lines available on the input stream
and return them as a list.
Line breaks are implemented using the codec's decoder
method and are included in the list entries.
sizehint, if given, is ignored since there is no efficient
way to finding the true end-of-line.
"""
data = self.read()
return data.splitlines(keepends)
def reset(self):
""" Resets the codec buffers used for keeping internal state.
Note that no stream repositioning should take place.
This method is primarily intended to be able to recover
from decoding errors.
"""
self.bytebuffer = b""
self.charbuffer = self._empty_charbuffer
self.linebuffer = None
def seek(self, offset, whence=0):
""" Set the input stream's current position.
Resets the codec buffers used for keeping state.
"""
self.stream.seek(offset, whence)
self.reset()
def __next__(self):
""" Return the next decoded line from the input stream."""
line = self.readline()
if line:
return line
raise StopIteration
def __iter__(self):
return self
def __getattr__(self, name,
getattr=getattr):
""" Inherit all other methods from the underlying stream.
"""
return getattr(self.stream, name)
def __enter__(self):
return self
def __exit__(self, type, value, tb):
self.stream.close()
def __reduce_ex__(self, proto):
raise TypeError("can't serialize %s" % self.__class__.__name__)
###
class StreamReaderWriter:
""" StreamReaderWriter instances allow wrapping streams which
work in both read and write modes.
The design is such that one can use the factory functions
returned by the codec.lookup() function to construct the
instance.
"""
# Optional attributes set by the file wrappers below
encoding = 'unknown'
def __init__(self, stream, Reader, Writer, errors='strict'):
""" Creates a StreamReaderWriter instance.
stream must be a Stream-like object.
Reader, Writer must be factory functions or classes
providing the StreamReader, StreamWriter interface resp.
Error handling is done in the same way as defined for the
StreamWriter/Readers.
"""
self.stream = stream
self.reader = Reader(stream, errors)
self.writer = Writer(stream, errors)
self.errors = errors
def read(self, size=-1):
return self.reader.read(size)
def readline(self, size=None):
return self.reader.readline(size)
def readlines(self, sizehint=None):
return self.reader.readlines(sizehint)
def __next__(self):
""" Return the next decoded line from the input stream."""
return next(self.reader)
def __iter__(self):
return self
def write(self, data):
return self.writer.write(data)
def writelines(self, list):
return self.writer.writelines(list)
def reset(self):
self.reader.reset()
self.writer.reset()
def seek(self, offset, whence=0):
self.stream.seek(offset, whence)
self.reader.reset()
if whence == 0 and offset == 0:
self.writer.reset()
def __getattr__(self, name,
getattr=getattr):
""" Inherit all other methods from the underlying stream.
"""
return getattr(self.stream, name)
# these are needed to make "with StreamReaderWriter(...)" work properly
def __enter__(self):
return self
def __exit__(self, type, value, tb):
self.stream.close()
def __reduce_ex__(self, proto):
raise TypeError("can't serialize %s" % self.__class__.__name__)
###
class StreamRecoder:
""" StreamRecoder instances translate data from one encoding to another.
They use the complete set of APIs returned by the
codecs.lookup() function to implement their task.
Data written to the StreamRecoder is first decoded into an
intermediate format (depending on the "decode" codec) and then
written to the underlying stream using an instance of the provided
Writer class.
In the other direction, data is read from the underlying stream using
a Reader instance and then encoded and returned to the caller.
"""
# Optional attributes set by the file wrappers below
data_encoding = 'unknown'
file_encoding = 'unknown'
def __init__(self, stream, encode, decode, Reader, Writer,
errors='strict'):
""" Creates a StreamRecoder instance which implements a two-way
conversion: encode and decode work on the frontend (the
data visible to .read() and .write()) while Reader and Writer
work on the backend (the data in stream).
You can use these objects to do transparent
transcodings from e.g. latin-1 to utf-8 and back.
stream must be a file-like object.
encode and decode must adhere to the Codec interface; Reader and
Writer must be factory functions or classes providing the
StreamReader and StreamWriter interfaces resp.
Error handling is done in the same way as defined for the
StreamWriter/Readers.
"""
self.stream = stream
self.encode = encode
self.decode = decode
self.reader = Reader(stream, errors)
self.writer = Writer(stream, errors)
self.errors = errors
def read(self, size=-1):
data = self.reader.read(size)
data, bytesencoded = self.encode(data, self.errors)
return data
def readline(self, size=None):
if size is None:
data = self.reader.readline()
else:
data = self.reader.readline(size)
data, bytesencoded = self.encode(data, self.errors)
return data
def readlines(self, sizehint=None):
data = self.reader.read()
data, bytesencoded = self.encode(data, self.errors)
return data.splitlines(keepends=True)
def __next__(self):
""" Return the next decoded line from the input stream."""
data = next(self.reader)
data, bytesencoded = self.encode(data, self.errors)
return data
def __iter__(self):
return self
def write(self, data):
data, bytesdecoded = self.decode(data, self.errors)
return self.writer.write(data)
def writelines(self, list):
data = b''.join(list)
data, bytesdecoded = self.decode(data, self.errors)
return self.writer.write(data)
def reset(self):
self.reader.reset()
self.writer.reset()
def seek(self, offset, whence=0):
# Seeks must be propagated to both the readers and writers
# as they might need to reset their internal buffers.
self.reader.seek(offset, whence)
self.writer.seek(offset, whence)
def __getattr__(self, name,
getattr=getattr):
""" Inherit all other methods from the underlying stream.
"""
return getattr(self.stream, name)
def __enter__(self):
return self
def __exit__(self, type, value, tb):
self.stream.close()
def __reduce_ex__(self, proto):
raise TypeError("can't serialize %s" % self.__class__.__name__)
### Shortcuts
def open(filename, mode='r', encoding=None, errors='strict', buffering=-1):
""" Open an encoded file using the given mode and return
a wrapped version providing transparent encoding/decoding.
Note: The wrapped version will only accept the object format
defined by the codecs, i.e. Unicode objects for most builtin
codecs. Output is also codec dependent and will usually be
Unicode as well.
If encoding is not None, then the
underlying encoded files are always opened in binary mode.
The default file mode is 'r', meaning to open the file in read mode.
encoding specifies the encoding which is to be used for the
file.
errors may be given to define the error handling. It defaults
to 'strict' which causes ValueErrors to be raised in case an
encoding error occurs.
buffering has the same meaning as for the builtin open() API.
It defaults to -1 which means that the default buffer size will
be used.
The returned wrapped file object provides an extra attribute
.encoding which allows querying the used encoding. This
attribute is only available if an encoding was specified as
parameter.
"""
if encoding is not None and \
'b' not in mode:
# Force opening of the file in binary mode
mode = mode + 'b'
file = builtins.open(filename, mode, buffering)
if encoding is None:
return file
try:
info = lookup(encoding)
srw = StreamReaderWriter(file, info.streamreader, info.streamwriter, errors)
# Add attributes to simplify introspection
srw.encoding = encoding
return srw
except:
file.close()
raise
def EncodedFile(file, data_encoding, file_encoding=None, errors='strict'):
""" Return a wrapped version of file which provides transparent
encoding translation.
Data written to the wrapped file is decoded according
to the given data_encoding and then encoded to the underlying
file using file_encoding. The intermediate data type
will usually be Unicode but depends on the specified codecs.
Bytes read from the file are decoded using file_encoding and then
passed back to the caller encoded using data_encoding.
If file_encoding is not given, it defaults to data_encoding.
errors may be given to define the error handling. It defaults
to 'strict' which causes ValueErrors to be raised in case an
encoding error occurs.
The returned wrapped file object provides two extra attributes
.data_encoding and .file_encoding which reflect the given
parameters of the same name. The attributes can be used for
introspection by Python programs.
"""
if file_encoding is None:
file_encoding = data_encoding
data_info = lookup(data_encoding)
file_info = lookup(file_encoding)
sr = StreamRecoder(file, data_info.encode, data_info.decode,
file_info.streamreader, file_info.streamwriter, errors)
# Add attributes to simplify introspection
sr.data_encoding = data_encoding
sr.file_encoding = file_encoding
return sr
### Helpers for codec lookup
def getencoder(encoding):
""" Lookup up the codec for the given encoding and return
its encoder function.
Raises a LookupError in case the encoding cannot be found.
"""
return lookup(encoding).encode
def getdecoder(encoding):
""" Lookup up the codec for the given encoding and return
its decoder function.
Raises a LookupError in case the encoding cannot be found.
"""
return lookup(encoding).decode
def getincrementalencoder(encoding):
""" Lookup up the codec for the given encoding and return
its IncrementalEncoder class or factory function.
Raises a LookupError in case the encoding cannot be found
or the codecs doesn't provide an incremental encoder.
"""
encoder = lookup(encoding).incrementalencoder
if encoder is None:
You can’t perform that action at this time.