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"""

Variables allow us to store values in named records that can be used in

a program. This module shows how to define variables and make assertions

about the state of each defined variable.

"""

def main():

# Here are the main literal types to be aware of

a = 1

b = 2.0

c = True

d = "hello"

# Notice that each type is a class. Each of the variables above refers

# to an instance of the class it belongs to

a_type = type(a)

b_type = type(b)

c_type = type(c)

d_type = type(d)

# Also, say hello to the `assert` keyword! This is a debugging aid that

# we will use to validate the code as we progress through each `main`

# function. These statements are used to validate the correctness of

# the data and to reduce the amount of output sent to the screen

assert a_type is int

assert b_type is float

assert c_type is bool

assert d_type is str

# Everything is an object in Python. That means instances are objects

# and classes are objects as well

assert isinstance(a, object) and isinstance(a_type, object)

assert isinstance(b, object) and isinstance(b_type, object)

assert isinstance(c, object) and isinstance(c_type, object)

assert isinstance(d, object) and isinstance(d_type, object)

# We can represent integer literals in Python using 4 bases: decimal,

# hexadecimal, octal, and binary. Decimal literals do not require any

# prefix while other bases require prefixes:

# - `0x` for hexadecimal

# - `0o` for octal

# - `0b` for binary

assert 100 == 0x64 == 0o144 == 0b1100100

# We can use underscores (literal `_`) to separate digit groups in

# integer literals

assert 10_000 == 10000

assert 0x01_0f_2c == 69_420

assert 3.456_290e-1 == 0.3_456_290

if __name__ == "__main__":

main()