if (!window.MathJax) {window.MathJax = {}}

MathJax.isPacked = true;

if(document.getElementById&&document.childNodes&&document.createElement){if(!window.MathJax){window.MathJax={}}if(!MathJax.Hub){MathJax.version="1.1";(function(d){var b=window[d];if(!b){b=window[d]={}}var f=[];var c=function(g){var h=g.constructor;if(!h){h=new Function("")}for(var i in g){if(i!=="constructor"&&g.hasOwnProperty(i)){h[i]=g[i]}}return h};var a=function(){return new Function("return arguments.callee.Init.call(this,arguments)")};var e=a();e.prototype={bug_test:1};if(!e.prototype.bug_test){a=function(){return function(){return arguments.callee.Init.call(this,arguments)}}}b.Object=c({constructor:a(),Subclass:function(g,i){var h=a();h.SUPER=this;h.Init=this.Init;h.Subclass=this.Subclass;h.Augment=this.Augment;h.protoFunction=this.protoFunction;h.can=this.can;h.has=this.has;h.isa=this.isa;h.prototype=new this(f);h.prototype.constructor=h;h.Augment(g,i);return h},Init:function(g){var h=this;if(g.length===1&&g[0]===f){return h}if(!(h instanceof g.callee)){h=new g.callee(f)}return h.Init.apply(h,g)||h},Augment:function(g,h){var i;if(g!=null){for(i in g){if(g.hasOwnProperty(i)){this.protoFunction(i,g[i])}}if(g.toString!==this.prototype.toString&&g.toString!=={}.toString){this.protoFunction("toString",g.toString)}}if(h!=null){for(i in h){if(h.hasOwnProperty(i)){this[i]=h[i]}}}return this},protoFunction:function(h,g){this.prototype[h]=g;if(typeof g==="function"){g.SUPER=this.SUPER.prototype}},prototype:{Init:function(){},SUPER:function(g){return g.callee.SUPER},can:function(g){return typeof(this[g])==="function"},has:function(g){return typeof(this[g])!=="undefined"},isa:function(g){return(g instanceof Object)&&(this instanceof g)}},can:function(g){return this.prototype.can.call(this,g)},has:function(g){return this.prototype.has.call(this,g)},isa:function(h){var g=this;while(g){if(g===h){return true}else{g=g.SUPER}}return false},SimpleSUPER:c({constructor:function(g){return this.SimpleSUPER.define(g)},define:function(g){var i={};if(g!=null){for(var h in g){if(g.hasOwnProperty(h)){this.protoFunction(h,g[h])}}if(g.toString!==this.prototype.toString&&g.toString!=={}.toString){this.protoFunction("toString",g.toString)}}return i},wrap:function(i,h){if(typeof(h)==="function"&&h.toString().match(/\.\s*SUPER\s*\(/)){var g=new Function(this.wrapper);g.label=i;g.original=h;h=g;g.toString=this.stringify}return h},wrapper:function(){var h=arguments.callee;this.SUPER=h.SUPER[h.label];try{var g=h.original.apply(this,arguments)}catch(i){delete this.SUPER;throw i}delete this.SUPER;return g}.toString().replace(/^\s*function \(\)\s*\{\s*/i,"").replace(/\s*\}\s*$/i,""),toString:function(){return this.original.toString.apply(this.original,arguments)}})})})("MathJax");(function(BASENAME){var BASE=window[BASENAME];if(!BASE){BASE=window[BASENAME]={}}var CALLBACK=function(data){var cb=new Function("return arguments.callee.execute.apply(arguments.callee,arguments)");for(var id in CALLBACK.prototype){if(CALLBACK.prototype.hasOwnProperty(id)){if(typeof(data[id])!=="undefined"){cb[id]=data[id]}else{cb[id]=CALLBACK.prototype[id]}}}cb.toString=CALLBACK.prototype.toString;return cb};CALLBACK.prototype={isCallback:true,hook:function(){},data:[],object:window,execute:function(){if(!this.called||this.autoReset){this.called=!this.autoReset;return this.hook.apply(this.object,this.data.concat([].slice.call(arguments,0)))}},reset:function(){delete this.called},toString:function(){return this.hook.toString.apply(this.hook,arguments)}};var ISCALLBACK=function(f){return(typeof(f)==="function"&&f.isCallback)};var EVAL=function(code){return eval.call(window,code)};EVAL("var __TeSt_VaR__ = 1");if(window.__TeSt_VaR__){try{delete window.__TeSt_VaR__}catch(error){window.__TeSt_VaR__=null}}else{if(window.execScript){EVAL=function(code){BASE.__code=code;code="try {"+BASENAME+".__result = eval("+BASENAME+".__code)} catch(err) {"+BASENAME+".__result = err}";window.execScript(code);var result=BASE.__result;delete BASE.__result;delete BASE.__code;if(result instanceof Error){throw result}return result}}else{EVAL=function(code){BASE.__code=code;code="try {"+BASENAME+".__result = eval("+BASENAME+".__code)} catch(err) {"+BASENAME+".__result = err}";var head=(document.getElementsByTagName("head"))[0];if(!head){head=document.body}var script=document.createElement("script");script.appendChild(document.createTextNode(code));head.appendChild(script);head.removeChild(script);var result=BASE.__result;delete BASE.__result;delete BASE.__code;if(result instanceof Error){throw result}return result}}}var USING=function(args,i){if(arguments.length>1){if(arguments.length===2&&!(typeof arguments[0]==="function")&&arguments[0] instanceof Object&&typeof arguments[1]==="number"){args=[].slice.call(args,i)}else{args=[].slice.call(arguments,0)}}if(args instanceof Array&&args.length===1){args=args[0]}if(typeof args==="function"){if(args.execute===CALLBACK.prototype.execute){return args}return CALLBACK({hook:args})}else{if(args instanceof Array){if(typeof(args[0])==="string"&&args[1] instanceof Object&&typeof args[1][args[0]]==="function"){return CALLBACK({hook:args[1][args[0]],object:args[1],data:args.slice(2)})}else{if(typeof args[0]==="function"){return CALLBACK({hook:args[0],data:args.slice(1)})}else{if(typeof args[1]==="function"){return CALLBACK({hook:args[1],object:args[0],data:args.slice(2)})}}}}else{if(typeof(args)==="string"){return CALLBACK({hook:EVAL,data:[args]})}else{if(args instanceof Object){return CALLBACK(args)}else{if(typeof(args)==="undefined"){return CALLBACK({})}}}}}throw Error("Can't make callback from given data")};var DELAY=function(time,callback){callback=USING(callback);callback.timeout=setTimeout(callback,time);return callback};var WAITFOR=function(callback,signal){callback=USING(callback);if(!callback.called){WAITSIGNAL(callback,signal);signal.pending++}};var WAITEXECUTE=function(){var signals=this.signal;delete this.signal;this.execute=this.oldExecute;delete this.oldExecute;var result=this.execute.apply(this,arguments);if(ISCALLBACK(result)&&!result.called){WAITSIGNAL(result,signals)}else{for(var i=0,m=signals.length;i<m;i++){signals[i].pending--;if(signals[i].pending<=0){signals[i].call()}}}};var WAITSIGNAL=function(callback,signals){if(!(signals instanceof Array)){signals=[signals]}if(!callback.signal){callback.oldExecute=callback.execute;callback.execute=WAITEXECUTE;callback.signal=signals}else{if(signals.length===1){callback.signal.push(signals[0])}else{callback.signal=callback.signal.concat(signals)}}};var AFTER=function(callback){callback=USING(callback);callback.pending=0;for(var i=1,m=arguments.length;i<m;i++){if(arguments[i]){WAITFOR(arguments[i],callback)}}if(callback.pending===0){var result=callback();if(ISCALLBACK(result)){callback=result}}return callback};var HOOKS=function(hooks,data,reset){if(!hooks){return null}if(!(hooks instanceof Array)){hooks=[hooks]}if(!(data instanceof Array)){data=(data==null?[]:[data])}var callbacks=[{}];for(var i=0,m=hooks.length;i<m;i++){if(reset){hooks[i].reset()}var result=hooks[i].apply(window,data);if(ISCALLBACK(result)&&!result.called){callbacks.push(result)}}if(callbacks.length===1){return null}if(callbacks.length===2){return callbacks[1]}return AFTER.apply({},callbacks)};var QUEUE=BASE.Object.Subclass({Init:function(){this.pending=0;this.running=0;this.queue=[];this.Push.apply(this,arguments)},Push:function(){var callback;for(var i=0,m=arguments.length;i<m;i++){callback=USING(arguments[i]);if(callback===arguments[i]&&!callback.called){callback=USING(["wait",this,callback])}this.queue.push(callback)}if(!this.running&&!this.pending){this.Process()}return callback},Process:function(queue){while(!this.running&&!this.pending&&this.queue.length){var callback=this.queue[0];queue=this.queue.slice(1);this.queue=[];this.Suspend();var result=callback();this.Resume();if(queue.length){this.queue=queue.concat(this.queue)}if(ISCALLBACK(result)&&!result.called){WAITFOR(result,this)}}},Suspend:function(){this.running++},Resume:function(){if(this.running){this.running--}},call:function(){this.Process.apply(this,arguments)},wait:function(callback){return callback}});var SIGNAL=QUEUE.Subclass({Init:function(name){QUEUE.prototype.Init.call(this);this.name=name;this.posted=[];this.listeners=[]},Post:function(message,callback,forget){callback=USING(callback);if(this.posting||this.pending){this.Push(["Post",this,message,callback,forget])}else{this.callback=callback;callback.reset();if(!forget){this.posted.push(message)}this.Suspend();this.posting=1;for(var i=0,m=this.listeners.length;i<m;i++){this.listeners[i].reset();var result=(this.listeners[i])(message);if(ISCALLBACK(result)&&!result.called){WAITFOR(result,this)}}this.Resume();delete this.posting;if(!this.pending){this.call()}}return callback},Clear:function(callback){callback=USING(callback);if(this.posting||this.pending){callback=this.Push(["Clear",this,callback])}else{this.posted=[];callback()}return callback},call:function(){this.callback(this);this.Process()},Interest:function(callback,ignorePast){callback=USING(callback);this.listeners[this.listeners.length]=callback;if(!ignorePast){for(var i=0,m=this.posted.length;i<m;i++){callback.reset();var result=callback(this.posted[i]);if(ISCALLBACK(result)&&i===this.posted.length-1){WAITFOR(result,this)}}}return callback},NoInterest:function(callback){for(var i=0,m=this.listeners.length;i<m;i++){if(this.listeners[i]===callback){this.listeners.splice(i,1);return}}},MessageHook:function(msg,callback){callback=USING(callback);if(!this.hooks){this.hooks={};this.Interest(["ExecuteHooks",this])}if(!this.hooks[msg]){this.hooks[msg]=[]}this.hooks[msg].push(callback);for(var i=0,m=this.posted.length;i<m;i++){if(this.posted[i]==msg){callback.reset();callback(this.posted[i])}}return callback},ExecuteHooks:function(msg,more){var type=((msg instanceof Array)?msg[0]:msg);return HOOKS(this.hooks[type],[msg],true)}},{signals:{},find:function(name){if(!SIGNAL.signals[name]){SIGNAL.signals[name]=new SIGNAL(name)}return SIGNAL.signals[name]}});BASE.Callback=BASE.CallBack=USING;BASE.Callback.Delay=DELAY;BASE.Callback.After=AFTER;BASE.Callback.Queue=QUEUE;BASE.Callback.Signal=SIGNAL.find;BASE.Callback.ExecuteHooks=HOOKS})("MathJax");(function(d){var a=window[d];if(!a){a=window[d]={}}var c=(navigator.vendor==="Apple Computer, Inc."&&typeof navigator.vendorSub==="undefined");var f=0;var g=function(h){if(document.styleSheets&&document.styleSheets.length>f){f=document.styleSheets.length}if(!h){h=(document.getElementsByTagName("head"))[0];if(!h){h=document.body}}return h};var e=[];var b=function(){for(var j=0,h=e.length;j<h;j++){a.Ajax.head.removeChild(e[j])}e=[]};a.Ajax={loaded:{},loading:{},loadHooks:{},timeout:15*1000,styleDelay:1,config:{root:""},STATUS:{OK:1,ERROR:-1},rootPattern:new RegExp("^\\["+d+"\\]"),fileURL:function(h){return h.replace(this.rootPattern,this.config.root)},Require:function(j,m){m=a.Callback(m);var k;if(j instanceof Object){for(var h in j){}k=h.toUpperCase();j=j[h]}else{k=j.split(/\./).pop().toUpperCase()}j=this.fileURL(j);if(this.loaded[j]){m(this.loaded[j])}else{var l={};l[k]=j;this.Load(l,m)}return m},Load:function(j,l){l=a.Callback(l);var k;if(j instanceof Object){for(var h in j){}k=h.toUpperCase();j=j[h]}else{k=j.split(/\./).pop().toUpperCase()}j=this.fileURL(j);if(this.loading[j]){if(!this.loadHooks[j]){this.loadHooks[j]=[]}this.loadHooks[j].push(l)}else{this.head=g(this.head);if(this.loader[k]){this.loader[k].call(this,j,l)}else{throw Error("Can't load files of type "+k)}}return l},LoadHook:function(j,k){k=a.Callback(k);if(j instanceof Object){for(var h in j){j=j[h]}}j=this.fileURL(j);if(this.loaded[j]){k(this.loaded[j])}else{if(!this.loadHooks[j]){this.loadHooks[j]=[]}this.loadHooks[j].push(k)}return k},Preloading:function(){for(var k=0,h=arguments.length;k<h;k++){var j=this.fileURL(arguments[k]);if(!this.loading[j]){this.loading[j]={preloaded:true}}}},loader:{JS:function(i,k){var h=document.createElement("script");var j=a.Callback(["loadTimeout",this,i]);this.loading[i]={callback:k,message:a.Message.File(i),timeout:setTimeout(j,this.timeout),status:this.STATUS.OK,script:h};h.onerror=j;h.type="text/javascript";h.src=i;this.head.appendChild(h)},CSS:function(h,j){var i=document.createElement("link");i.rel="stylesheet";i.type="text/css";i.href=h;this.loading[h]={callback:j,message:a.Message.File(h),status:this.STATUS.OK};this.head.appendChild(i);this.timer.create.call(this,[this.timer.file,h],i)}},timer:{create:function(i,h){i=a.Callback(i);if(h.nodeName==="STYLE"&&h.styleSheet&&typeof(h.styleSheet.cssText)!=="undefined"){i(this.STATUS.OK)}else{if(window.chrome&&typeof(window.sessionStorage)!=="undefined"&&h.nodeName==="STYLE"){i(this.STATUS.OK)}else{if(c){this.timer.start(this,[this.timer.checkSafari2,f++,i],this.styleDelay)}else{this.timer.start(this,[this.timer.checkLength,h,i],this.styleDelay)}}}return i},start:function(i,h,j,k){h=a.Callback(h);h.execute=this.execute;h.time=this.time;h.STATUS=i.STATUS;h.timeout=k||i.timeout;h.delay=h.total=0;setTimeout(h,j)},time:function(h){this.total+=this.delay;this.delay=Math.floor(this.delay*1.05+5);if(this.total>=this.timeout){h(this.STATUS.ERROR);return 1}return 0},file:function(i,h){if(h<0){a.Ajax.loadTimeout(i)}else{a.Ajax.loadComplete(i)}},execute:function(){this.hook.call(this.object,this,this.data[0],this.data[1])},checkSafari2:function(h,i,j){if(h.time(j)){return}if(document.styleSheets.length>i&&document.styleSheets[i].cssRules&&document.styleSheets[i].cssRules.length){j(h.STATUS.OK)}else{setTimeout(h,h.delay)}},checkLength:function(h,k,m){if(h.time(m)){return}var l=0;var i=(k.sheet||k.styleSheet);try{if((i.cssRules||i.rules||[]).length>0){l=1}}catch(j){if(j.message.match(/protected variable|restricted URI/)){l=1}else{if(j.message.match(/Security error/)){l=1}}}if(l){setTimeout(a.Callback([m,h.STATUS.OK]),0)}else{setTimeout(h,h.delay)}}},loadComplete:function(h){h=this.fileURL(h);var i=this.loading[h];if(i&&!i.preloaded){a.Message.Clear(i.message);clearTimeout(i.timeout);if(i.script){if(e.length===0){setTimeout(b,0)}e.push(i.script)}this.loaded[h]=i.status;delete this.loading[h];if(!this.loadHooks[h]){this.loadHooks[h]=[]}this.loadHooks[h].push(i.callback)}else{this.loaded[h]=this.STATUS.OK;i={status:this.STATUS.OK}}a.Callback.ExecuteHooks(this.loadHooks[h],i.status)},loadTimeout:function(h){if(this.loading[h].timeout){clearTimeout(this.loading[h].timeout)}this.loading[h].status=this.STATUS.ERROR;this.loadError(h);this.loadComplete(h)},loadError:function(h){a.Message.Set("File failed to load: "+h,null,2000)},Styles:function(j,k){var h=this.StyleString(j);if(h===""){k=a.Callback(k);k()}else{var i=document.createElement("style");i.type="text/css";this.head=g(this.head);this.head.appendChild(i);if(i.styleSheet&&typeof(i.styleSheet.cssText)!=="undefined"){i.styleSheet.cssText=h}else{i.appendChild(document.createTextNode(h))}k=this.timer.create.call(this,k,i)}return k},StyleString:function(m){if(typeof(m)==="string"){return m}var j="",n,l;for(n in m){if(m.hasOwnProperty(n)){if(typeof m[n]==="string"){j+=n+" {"+m[n]+"}\n"}else{if(m[n] instanceof Array){for(var k=0;k<m[n].length;k++){l={};l[n]=m[n][k];j+=this.StyleString(l)}}else{if(n.substr(0,6)==="@media"){j+=n+" {"+this.StyleString(m[n])+"}\n"}else{if(m[n]!=null){l=[];for(var h in m[n]){if(m[n].hasOwnProperty(h)){if(m[n][h]!=null){l[l.length]=h+": "+m[n][h]}}}j+=n+" {"+l.join("; ")+"}\n"}}}}}}return j}}})("MathJax");MathJax.HTML={Element:function(c,e,d){var f=document.createElement(c);if(e){if(e.style){var b=e.style;e.style={};for(var g in b){if(b.hasOwnProperty(g)){e.style[g.replace(/-([a-z])/g,this.ucMatch)]=b[g]}}}MathJax.Hub.Insert(f,e)}if(d){for(var a=0;a<d.length;a++){if(d[a] instanceof Array){f.appendChild(this.Element(d[a][0],d[a][1],d[a][2]))}else{f.appendChild(document.createTextNode(d[a]))}}}return f},ucMatch:function(a,b){return b.toUpperCase()},addElement:function(b,a,d,c){return b.appendChild(this.Element(a,d,c))},TextNode:function(a){return document.createTextNode(a)},addText:function(a,b){return a.appendChild(this.TextNode(b))},setScript:function(a,b){if(this.setScriptBug){a.text=b}else{while(a.firstChild){a.removeChild(a.firstChild)}this.addText(a,b)}},Cookie:{prefix:"mjx",expires:365,Set:function(a,d){var c=[];if(d){for(var f in d){if(d.hasOwnProperty(f)){c.push(f+":"+d[f].toString().replace(/&/g,"&&"))}}}var b=this.prefix+"."+a+"="+escape(c.join("&;"));if(this.expires){var e=new Date();e.setDate(e.getDate()+this.expires);b+="; expires="+e.toGMTString()}document.cookie=b+"; path=/"},Get:function(c,h){if(!h){h={}}var g=new RegExp("(?:^|;\\s*)"+this.prefix+"\\."+c+"=([^;]*)(?:;|$)");var b=g.exec(document.cookie);if(b&&b[1]!==""){var e=unescape(b[1]).split("&;");for(var d=0,a=e.length;d<a;d++){b=e[d].match(/([^:]+):(.*)/);var f=b[2].replace(/&&/g,"&");if(f==="true"){f=true}else{if(f==="false"){f=false}else{if(f.match(/^-?(\d+(\.\d+)?|\.\d+)$/)){f=parseFloat(f)}}}h[b[1]]=f}}return h}}};MathJax.Message={log:[{}],current:null,textNodeBug:(navigator.vendor==="Apple Computer, Inc."&&typeof navigator.vendorSub==="undefined")||(window.hasOwnProperty&&window.hasOwnProperty("konqueror")),styles:{"#MathJax_Message":{position:"fixed",left:"1px",bottom:"2px","background-color":"#E6E6E6",border:"1px solid #959595",margin:"0px",padding:"2px 8px","z-index":"102",color:"black","font-size":"80%",width:"auto","white-space":"nowrap"},"#MathJax_MSIE_Frame":{position:"absolute",top:0,left:0,width:"0px","z-index":101,border:"0px",margin:"0px",padding:"0px"}},browsers:{MSIE:function(a){MathJax.Hub.config.styles["#MathJax_Message"].position="absolute";MathJax.Message.quirks=(document.compatMode==="BackCompat")},Chrome:function(a){MathJax.Hub.config.styles["#MathJax_Message"].bottom="1.5em";MathJax.Hub.config.styles["#MathJax_Message"].left="1em"}},Init:function(){if(!document.body){return false}if(this.div&&this.div.parentNode==null){this.div=document.getElementById("MathJax_Message");if(this.div){this.text=this.div.firstChild}}if(!this.div){var a=document.body;if(MathJax.Hub.Browser.isMSIE){a=this.frame=this.addDiv(document.body);a.style.position="absolute";a.style.border=a.style.margin=a.style.padding="0px";a.style.zIndex="101";a.style.height="0px";a=this.addDiv(a);a.id="MathJax_MSIE_Frame";window.attachEvent("onscroll",this.MoveFrame);window.attachEvent("onresize",this.MoveFrame);this.MoveFrame()}this.div=this.addDiv(a);this.div.style.display="none";this.text=this.div.appendChild(document.createTextNode(""))}return true},addDiv:function(a){var b=document.createElement("div");b.id="MathJax_Message";if(a.firstChild){a.insertBefore(b,a.firstChild)}else{a.appendChild(b)}return b},MoveFrame:function(){var a=(MathJax.Message.quirks?document.body:document.documentElement);var b=MathJax.Message.frame;b.style.left=a.scrollLeft+"px";b.style.top=a.scrollTop+"px";b.style.width=a.clientWidth+"px";b=b.firstChild;b.style.height=a.clientHeight+"px"},filterText:function(a,b){if(MathJax.Hub.config.messageStyle==="simple"){if(a.match(/^Loading /)){if(!this.loading){this.loading="Loading "}a=this.loading;this.loading+="."}else{if(a.match(/^Processing /)){if(!this.processing){this.processing="Processing "}a=this.processing;this.processing+="."}}}return a},Set:function(b,c,a){if(this.timer){clearTimeout(this.timer);delete this.timeout}if(c==null){c=this.log.length;this.log[c]={}}this.log[c].text=b;b=this.filterText(b,c);if(typeof(this.log[c].next)==="undefined"){this.log[c].next=this.current;if(this.current!=null){this.log[this.current].prev=c}this.current=c}if(this.current===c&&MathJax.Hub.config.messageStyle!=="none"){if(this.Init()){if(this.textNodeBug){this.div.innerHTML=b}else{this.text.nodeValue=b}this.div.style.display="";if(this.status){window.status="";delete this.status}}else{window.status=b;this.status=true}}if(a){setTimeout(MathJax.Callback(["Clear",this,c]),a)}return c},Clear:function(b,a){if(this.log[b].prev!=null){this.log[this.log[b].prev].next=this.log[b].next}if(this.log[b].next!=null){this.log[this.log[b].next].prev=this.log[b].prev}if(this.current===b){this.current=this.log[b].next;if(this.text){if(this.div.parentNode==null){this.Init()}if(this.current==null){if(this.timer){clearTimeout(this.timer)}this.timer=setTimeout(MathJax.Callback(["Remove",this]),(a||600))}else{if(this.textNodeBug){this.div.innerHTML=this.log[this.current].text}else{this.text.nodeValue=this.log[this.current].text}}if(this.status){window.status="";delete this.status}}else{if(this.status){window.status=(this.current==null?"":this.log[this.current].text)}}}delete this.log[b].next;delete this.log[b].prev},Remove:function(){this.text.nodeValue="";this.div.style.display="none"},File:function(b){var a=MathJax.Ajax.config.root;if(b.substr(0,a.length)===a){b="[MathJax]"+b.substr(a.length)}return this.Set("Loading "+b)},Log:function(){var b=[];for(var c=1,a=this.log.length;c<a;c++){b[c]=this.log[c].text}return b.join("\n")}};MathJax.Hub={config:{root:"",config:[],styleSheets:[],styles:{},jax:[],extensions:[],preJax:null,postJax:null,displayAlign:"center",displayIndent:"0",preRemoveClass:"MathJax_Preview",showProcessingMessages:true,messageStyle:"normal",delayStartupUntil:"none",skipStartupTypeset:false,"v1.0-compatible":true,preProcessors:[],inputJax:{},outputJax:{order:{}},menuSettings:{zoom:"None",CTRL:false,ALT:false,CMD:false,Shift:false,zscale:"200%",renderer:"",font:"Auto",context:"MathJax"},errorSettings:{message:["[Math Processing Error]"],style:{color:"#CC0000","font-style":"italic"}}},processUpdateTime:250,signal:MathJax.Callback.Signal("Hub"),Config:function(a){this.Insert(this.config,a);if(this.config.Augment){this.Augment(this.config.Augment)}},CombineConfig:function(c,f){var b=this.config,g,e;c=c.split(/\./);for(var d=0,a=c.length;d<a;d++){g=c[d];if(!b[g]){b[g]={}}e=b;b=b[g]}e[g]=b=this.Insert(f,b);return b},Register:{PreProcessor:function(a){MathJax.Hub.config.preProcessors.push(MathJax.Callback(a))},MessageHook:function(){return MathJax.Hub.signal.MessageHook.apply(MathJax.Hub.signal,arguments)},StartupHook:function(){return MathJax.Hub.Startup.signal.MessageHook.apply(MathJax.Hub.Startup.signal,arguments)},LoadHook:function(){return MathJax.Ajax.LoadHook.apply(MathJax.Ajax,arguments)}},getAllJax:function(e){var c=[],b=this.elementScripts(e);for(var d=0,a=b.length;d<a;d++){if(b[d].MathJax&&b[d].MathJax.elementJax){c.push(b[d].MathJax.elementJax)}}return c},getJaxByType:function(f,e){var c=[],b=this.elementScripts(e);for(var d=0,a=b.length;d<a;d++){if(b[d].MathJax&&b[d].MathJax.elementJax&&b[d].MathJax.elementJax.mimeType===f){c.push(b[d].MathJax.elementJax)}}return c},getJaxByInputType:function(f,e){var c=[],b=this.elementScripts(e);for(var d=0,a=b.length;d<a;d++){if(b[d].MathJax&&b[d].MathJax.elementJax&&b[d].type&&b[d].type.replace(/ *;(.|\s)*/,"")===f){c.push(b[d].MathJax.elementJax)}}return c},getJaxFor:function(a){if(typeof(a)==="string"){a=document.getElementById(a)}if(a.MathJax){return a.MathJax.elementJax}return null},isJax:function(a){if(typeof(a)==="string"){a=document.getElementById(a)}if(a.tagName!=null&&a.tagName.toLowerCase()==="script"){if(a.MathJax){return(a.MathJax.state===MathJax.ElementJax.STATE.PROCESSED?1:-1)}if(a.type&&this.config.inputJax[a.type.replace(/ *;(.|\s)*/,"")]){return -1}}return 0},Queue:function(){return this.queue.Push.apply(this.queue,arguments)},Typeset:function(b,c){if(!MathJax.isReady){return null}var a=this.elementCallback(b,c);return MathJax.Callback.Queue(["PreProcess",this,a.element],["Process",this,a.element]).Push(a.callback)},PreProcess:function(b,c){var a=this.elementCallback(b,c);return MathJax.Callback.Queue(["Post",this.signal,"Begin PreProcess"],["ExecuteHooks",MathJax.Callback,(arguments.callee.disabled?[]:this.config.preProcessors),a.element,true],["Post",this.signal,"End PreProcess"]).Push(a.callback)},Process:function(a,b){return this.takeAction("Process",a,b)},Update:function(a,b){return this.takeAction("Update",a,b)},Reprocess:function(a,b){return this.takeAction("Reprocess",a,b)},takeAction:function(d,c,e){var b=this.elementCallback(c,e);var a=[];return MathJax.Callback.Queue(["Clear",this.signal],["Post",this.signal,["Begin "+d,b.element]],["prepareScripts",this,d,b.element,a],["processScripts",this,a],["Post",this.signal,["End "+d,b.element]]).Push(b.callback)},scriptAction:{Process:function(a){},Update:function(b){var a=b.MathJax.elementJax;if(a&&a.originalText===(b.text==""?b.innerHTML:b.text)){b.MathJax.state=a.STATE.PROCESSED}else{a.outputJax.Remove(a);b.MathJax.state=a.STATE.UPDATE}},Reprocess:function(b){var a=b.MathJax.elementJax;if(a){a.outputJax.Remove(a);b.MathJax.state=a.STATE.UPDATE}}},prepareScripts:function(h,e,f){if(arguments.callee.disabled){return}var b=this.elementScripts(e);var g=MathJax.ElementJax.STATE;for(var d=0,a=b.length;d<a;d++){var c=b[d];if(c.type&&this.config.inputJax[c.type.replace(/ *;(.|\n)*/,"")]){if(c.MathJax&&c.MathJax.state!==g.PENDING){this.scriptAction[h](c)}if(!c.MathJax){c.MathJax={state:g.PENDING}}if(c.MathJax.state!==g.PROCESSED){f.push(c)}}}},checkScriptSiblings:function(a){if(a.MathJax&&a.MathJax.checked){return}var b=this.config;var g=a.previousSibling;if(g&&g.nodeName=="#text"){var d,f;var c=a.nextSibling;if(c&&c.nodeName!="#text"){c=null}if(b.preJax){if(typeof(b.preJax)==="string"){b.preJax=new RegExp(b.preJax+"$")}d=g.nodeValue.match(b.preJax)}if(b.postJax&&c){if(typeof(b.postJax)==="string"){b.postJax=new RegExp("^"+b.postJax)}f=c.nodeValue.match(b.postJax)}if(d&&(!b.postJax||f)){g.nodeValue=g.nodeValue.replace(b.preJax,(d.length>1?d[1]:""));g=null}if(f&&(!b.preJax||d)){c.nodeValue=c.nodeValue.replace(b.postJax,(f.length>1?f[1]:""))}if(g&&!g.nodeValue.match(/\S/)){g=g.previousSibling}}if(b.preRemoveClass&&g&&g.className==b.preRemoveClass){try{g.innerHTML=""}catch(e){}g.style.display="none"}if(a.MathJax){a.MathJax.checked=1}},processScripts:function(h,b,d){if(arguments.callee.disabled){return null}var q,o=MathJax.ElementJax.STATE;var p=this.config.inputJax,c=this.config.outputJax;try{if(!b){b=new Date().getTime()}var j=0,l,f;while(j<h.length){l=h[j];if(!l){continue}f=l.previousSibling;if(f&&f.className==="MathJax_Error"){f.parentNode.removeChild(f)}var k=l.type.replace(/ *;(.|\s)*/,"");if(!l.MathJax||l.MathJax.state===o.PROCESSED){continue}if(!l.MathJax.elementJax||l.MathJax.state===o.UPDATE){this.checkScriptSiblings(l);q=p[k].Process(l);if(typeof q==="function"){if(q.called){continue}this.RestartAfter(q)}q.Attach(l,p[k])}var a=l.MathJax.elementJax;if(!c[a.mimeType]){l.MathJax.state=o.UPDATE;throw Error("No output jax registered for "+a.mimeType)}a.outputJax=c[a.mimeType][0];q=a.outputJax.Process(l);if(typeof q==="function"){l.MathJax.state=o.UPDATE;if(q.called){continue}this.RestartAfter(q)}l.MathJax.state=o.PROCESSED;this.signal.Post(["New Math",a.inputID]);j++;if(new Date().getTime()-b>this.processUpdateTime&&j<h.length){b=0;this.RestartAfter(MathJax.Callback.Delay(1))}}}catch(g){if(!g.restart){if(!this.config.errorSettings.message){throw g}this.formatError(l,g);j++}if(!d){d=0}var e=Math.floor((d+j)/(d+h.length)*100);d+=j;if(this.config.showProcessingMessages){MathJax.Message.Set("Processing math: "+e+"%",0)}return MathJax.Callback.After(["processScripts",this,h.slice(j),b,d],g.restart)}if((d||h.length)&&this.config.showProcessingMessages){MathJax.Message.Set("Processing Math: 100%",0);MathJax.Message.Clear(0)}return null},formatError:function(a,c){var b=MathJax.HTML.Element("span",{className:"MathJax_Error"},this.config.errorSettings.message);a.parentNode.insertBefore(b,a);this.lastError=c},RestartAfter:function(a){throw this.Insert(Error("restart"),{restart:MathJax.Callback(a)})},elementCallback:function(a,b){if(b==null&&(a instanceof Array||typeof a==="function")){b=a;a=document.body}else{if(a==null){a=document.body}else{if(typeof(a)==="string"){a=document.getElementById(a)}}}if(!a){throw Error("No such element")}if(!b){b={}}return{element:a,callback:b}},elementScripts:function(a){if(typeof(a)==="string"){a=document.getElementById(a)}if(a==null){a=document.body}if(a.tagName!=null&&a.tagName.toLowerCase()==="script"){return[a]}return a.getElementsByTagName("script")},Insert:function(c,a){for(var b in a){if(a.hasOwnProperty(b)){if(typeof a[b]==="object"&&!(a[b] instanceof Array)&&(typeof c[b]==="object"||typeof c[b]==="function")){this.Insert(c[b],a[b])}else{c[b]=a[b]}}}return c}};MathJax.Hub.Insert(MathJax.Hub.config.styles,MathJax.Message.styles);MathJax.Hub.Insert(MathJax.Hub.config.styles,{".MathJax_Error":MathJax.Hub.config.errorSettings.style});MathJax.Extension={};MathJax.Hub.Configured=MathJax.Callback({});MathJax.Hub.Startup={script:"",queue:MathJax.Callback.Queue(),signal:MathJax.Callback.Signal("Startup"),params:{},Config:function(){this.queue.Push(["Post",this.signal,"Begin Config"]);var b=MathJax.HTML.Cookie.Get("user");if(b.URL||b.Config){if(confirm("MathJax has found a user-configuration cookie that includes code to be run. Do you want to run it?\n\n(You should press Cancel unless you set up the cookie yourself.)")){if(b.URL){this.queue.Push(["Require",MathJax.Ajax,b.URL])}if(b.Config){this.queue.Push(new Function(b.Config))}}else{MathJax.HTML.Cookie.Set("user",{})}}if(this.params.config){var d=this.params.config.split(/,/);for(var c=0,a=d.length;c<a;c++){if(!d[c].match(/\.js$/)){d[c]+=".js"}this.queue.Push(["Require",MathJax.Ajax,this.URL("config",d[c])])}}if(this.script.match(/\S/)){this.queue.Push(this.script+";\n1;")}this.queue.Push(["ConfigDelay",this],["ConfigBlocks",this],["ConfigDefault",this],[function(e){return e.loadArray(MathJax.Hub.config.config,"config",null,true)},this],["Post",this.signal,"End Config"])},ConfigDelay:function(){var a=this.params.delayStartupUntil||MathJax.Hub.config.delayStartupUntil;if(a==="onload"){return this.onload}if(a==="configured"){return MathJax.Hub.Configured}return a},ConfigBlocks:function(){var c=document.getElementsByTagName("script");var f=null,b=MathJax.Callback.Queue();for(var d=0,a=c.length;d<a;d++){var e=String(c[d].type).replace(/ /g,"");if(e.match(/^text\/x-mathjax-config(;.*)?$/)&&!e.match(/;executed=true/)){c[d].type+=";executed=true";f=b.Push(c[d].innerHTML+";\n1;")}}return f},ConfigDefault:function(){var a=MathJax.Hub.config;if(a["v1.0-compatible"]&&a.jax.length===0){return MathJax.Ajax.Require(this.URL("extensions","v1.0-warning.js"))}},Cookie:function(){return this.queue.Push(["Post",this.signal,"Begin Cookie"],["Get",MathJax.HTML.Cookie,"menu",MathJax.Hub.config.menuSettings],[function(d){var f=d.menuSettings.renderer,b=d.jax;if(f){var c="output/"+f;b.sort();for(var e=0,a=b.length;e<a;e++){if(b[e].substr(0,7)==="output/"){break}}if(e==a-1){b.pop()}else{while(e<a){if(b[e]===c){b.splice(e,1);break}e++}}b.unshift(c)}},MathJax.Hub.config],["Post",this.signal,"End Cookie"])},Styles:function(){return this.queue.Push(["Post",this.signal,"Begin Styles"],["loadArray",this,MathJax.Hub.config.styleSheets,"config"],["Styles",MathJax.Ajax,MathJax.Hub.config.styles],["Post",this.signal,"End Styles"])},Jax:function(){var d=MathJax.Hub.config;for(var e=0,b=d.jax.length,c=0;e<b;e++){if(d.jax[e].substr(0,7)==="output/"){d.outputJax.order[d.jax[e].substr(7)]=c;c++}}var a=MathJax.Callback.Queue();return a.Push(["Post",this.signal,"Begin Jax"],["loadArray",this,d.jax,"jax","config.js"],["Post",this.signal,"End Jax"])},Extensions:function(){var a=MathJax.Callback.Queue();return a.Push(["Post",this.signal,"Begin Extensions"],["loadArray",this,MathJax.Hub.config.extensions,"extensions"],["Post",this.signal,"End Extensions"])},Menu:function(){var b=MathJax.Hub.config.menuSettings,a=MathJax.Hub.config.outputJax,d;for(var c in a){if(a.hasOwnProperty(c)){if(a[c].length){d=a[c];break}}}if(d&&d.length){if(b.renderer&&b.renderer!==d[0].id){d.unshift(MathJax.OutputJax[b.renderer])}b.renderer=d[0].id}},onLoad:function(a){var b=this.onload=MathJax.Callback(function(){MathJax.Hub.Startup.signal.Post("onLoad")});if(window.addEventListener){window.addEventListener("load",b,false)}else{if(window.attachEvent){window.attachEvent("onload",b)}else{window.onload=b}}return b},Typeset:function(a,b){if(MathJax.Hub.config.skipStartupTypeset){return function(){}}return this.queue.Push(["Post",this.signal,"Begin Typeset"],["Typeset",MathJax.Hub,a,b],["Post",this.signal,"End Typeset"])},URL:function(b,a){if(!a.match(/^([a-z]+:\/\/|\[|\/)/)){a="[MathJax]/"+b+"/"+a}return a},loadArray:function(b,f,c,a){if(b){if(!(b instanceof Array)){b=[b]}if(b.length){var h=MathJax.Callback.Queue(),j={},e;for(var g=0,d=b.length;g<d;g++){e=this.URL(f,b[g]);if(c){e+="/"+c}if(a){h.Push(["Require",MathJax.Ajax,e,j])}else{h.Push(MathJax.Ajax.Require(e,j))}}return h.Push({})}}return null}};(function(d){var b=window[d],e="["+d+"]";var c=b.Hub,a=b.Ajax,f=b.Callback;var g=MathJax.Object.Subclass({JAXFILE:"jax.js",require:null,config:{},Init:function(i,h){if(arguments.length===0){return this}return(this.constructor.Subclass(i,h))()},Augment:function(k,j){var i=this.constructor,h={};if(k!=null){for(var l in k){if(k.hasOwnProperty(l)){if(typeof k[l]==="function"){i.protoFunction(l,k[l])}else{h[l]=k[l]}}}if(k.toString!==i.prototype.toString&&k.toString!=={}.toString){i.protoFunction("toString",k.toString)}}c.Insert(i.prototype,h);i.Augment(null,j);return this},Process:function(h){var i=a.Require(this.directory+"/"+this.JAXFILE);if(!i.called){this.constructor.prototype.Process=function(j){return i}}return i},Translate:function(h){throw Error(this.directory+"/"+this.JAXFILE+" failed to redefine the Translate() method")},Register:function(h){},Config:function(){this.config=c.CombineConfig(this.id,this.config);if(this.config.Augment){this.Augment(this.config.Augment)}},Startup:function(){},loadComplete:function(n){if(n==="config.js"){return a.loadComplete(this.directory+"/"+n)}else{var j=f.Queue();j.Push(c.Register.StartupHook("End Config",{}),["Post",c.Startup.signal,this.id+" Jax Config"],["Config",this],["Post",c.Startup.signal,this.id+" Jax Require"]);if(this.require){var k=this.require;if(!(k instanceof Array)){k=[k]}for(var l=0,h=k.length;l<h;l++){j.Push(a.Require(k[l]))}}return j.Push([function(i,m){return MathJax.Hub.Startup.loadArray(i.extensions,"extensions/"+m)},this.config||{},this.id],["Post",c.Startup.signal,this.id+" Jax Startup"],["Startup",this],["Post",c.Startup.signal,this.id+" Jax Ready"],[function(i){i.Process=i.Translate},this.constructor.prototype],["loadComplete",a,this.directory+"/"+n])}}},{id:"unknown",version:"1.1",directory:e+"/jax",extensionDir:e+"/extensions"});b.InputJax=g.Subclass({elementJax:"mml",Process:function(o){var j=f.Queue();var k=this.elementJax;if(!(k instanceof Array)){k=[k]}for(var n=0,h=k.length;n<h;n++){var l=b.ElementJax.directory+"/"+k[n]+"/"+this.JAXFILE;if(!this.require){this.require=[]}else{if(!(this.require instanceof Array)){this.require=[this.require]}}this.require.push(l);j.Push(a.Require(l))}var p=j.Push(a.Require(this.directory+"/"+this.JAXFILE));if(!p.called){this.constructor.prototype.Process=function(){return p}}k=c.config.outputJax["jax/"+k[0]];if(k){j.Push(a.Require(k[0].directory+"/"+this.JAXFILE))}return j.Push({})},Register:function(h){if(!c.config.inputJax){c.config.inputJax={}}c.config.inputJax[h]=this}},{version:"1.1",directory:g.directory+"/input",extensionDir:g.extensionDir});b.OutputJax=g.Subclass({Register:function(i){var h=c.config.outputJax;if(!h[i]){h[i]=[]}if(h[i].length&&(this.id===c.config.menuSettings.renderer||(h.order[this.id]||0)<(h.order[h[i][0].id]||0))){h[i].unshift(this)}else{h[i].push(this)}if(!this.require){this.require=[]}else{if(!(this.require instanceof Array)){this.require=[this.require]}}this.require.push(b.ElementJax.directory+"/"+(i.split(/\//)[1])+"/"+this.JAXFILE)},Remove:function(h){}},{version:"1.1",directory:g.directory+"/output",extensionDir:g.extensionDir,fontDir:e+(b.isPacked?"":"/..")+"/fonts"});b.ElementJax=g.Subclass({Init:function(i,h){return this.constructor.Subclass(i,h)},inputJax:null,outputJax:null,inputID:null,originalText:"",mimeType:"",Text:function(i,j){var h=this.SourceElement();b.HTML.setScript(h,i);h.MathJax.state=this.STATE.UPDATE;return c.Update(h,j)},Reprocess:function(i){var h=this.SourceElement();h.MathJax.state=this.STATE.UPDATE;return c.Reprocess(h,i)},Remove:function(){this.outputJax.Remove(this);c.signal.Post(["Remove Math",this.inputID]);this.Detach()},SourceElement:function(){return document.getElementById(this.inputID)},Attach:function(i,j){var h=i.MathJax.elementJax;if(i.MathJax.state===this.STATE.UPDATE){h.Clone(this)}else{h=i.MathJax.elementJax=this;if(i.id){this.inputID=i.id}else{i.id=this.inputID=b.ElementJax.GetID();this.newID=1}}h.originalText=(i.text==""?i.innerHTML:i.text);h.inputJax=j},Detach:function(){var h=this.SourceElement();if(!h){return}try{delete h.MathJax}catch(i){h.MathJax=null}if(this.newID){h.id=""}},Clone:function(h){var i;for(i in this){if(!this.hasOwnProperty(i)){continue}if(typeof(h[i])==="undefined"&&i!=="newID"){delete this[i]}}for(i in h){if(!this.hasOwnProperty(i)){continue}if(typeof(this[i])==="undefined"||(this[i]!==h[i]&&i!=="inputID")){this[i]=h[i]}}}},{version:"1.1",directory:g.directory+"/element",extensionDir:g.extensionDir,ID:0,STATE:{PENDING:1,PROCESSED:2,UPDATE:3},GetID:function(){this.ID++;return"MathJax-Element-"+this.ID},Subclass:function(){var h=g.Subclass.apply(this,arguments);h.loadComplete=this.prototype.loadComplete;return h}});b.ElementJax.prototype.STATE=b.ElementJax.STATE})("MathJax");(function(l){var f=window[l];if(!f){f=window[l]={}}var c=f.Hub;var q=c.Startup;var u=c.config;var e=document.getElementsByTagName("head")[0];if(!e){e=document.childNodes[0]}var b=(document.documentElement||document).getElementsByTagName("script");var d=new RegExp("(^|/)"+l+"\\.js(\\?.*)?$");for(var o=b.length-1;o>=0;o--){if(b[o].src.match(d)){q.script=b[o].innerHTML;if(RegExp.$2){var r=RegExp.$2.substr(1).split(/\&/);for(var n=0,h=r.length;n<h;n++){var k=r[n].match(/(.*)=(.*)/);if(k){q.params[unescape(k[1])]=unescape(k[2])}}}u.root=b[o].src.replace(/(^|\/)[^\/]*(\?.*)?$/,"");break}}f.Ajax.config=u;var a={isMac:(navigator.platform.substr(0,3)==="Mac"),isPC:(navigator.platform.substr(0,3)==="Win"),isMSIE:(window.ActiveXObject!=null&&window.clipboardData!=null),isFirefox:(window.netscape!=null&&document.ATTRIBUTE_NODE!=null&&window.opera==null),isSafari:(navigator.userAgent.match(/ (Apple)?WebKit\//)!=null&&window.chrome==null),isChrome:(window.chrome!=null&&window.chrome.loadTimes!=null),isOpera:(window.opera!=null&&window.opera.version!=null),isKonqueror:(window.hasOwnProperty&&window.hasOwnProperty("konqueror")&&navigator.vendor=="KDE"),versionAtLeast:function(x){var w=(this.version).split(".");x=(new String(x)).split(".");for(var y=0,j=x.length;y<j;y++){if(w[y]!=x[y]){return parseInt(w[y]||"0")>=parseInt(x[y])}}return true},Select:function(j){var i=j[c.Browser];if(i){return i(c.Browser)}return null}};var g=navigator.userAgent.replace(/^Mozilla\/(\d+\.)+\d+ /,"").replace(/[a-z][-a-z0-9._: ]+\/\d+[^ ]*-[^ ]*\.([a-z][a-z])?\d+ /i,"").replace(/Gentoo |Ubuntu\/(\d+\.)*\d+ (\([^)]*\) )?/,"");c.Browser=c.Insert(c.Insert(new String("Unknown"),{version:"0.0"}),a);for(var t in a){if(a.hasOwnProperty(t)){if(a[t]&&t.substr(0,2)==="is"){t=t.slice(2);if(t==="Mac"||t==="PC"){continue}c.Browser=c.Insert(new String(t),a);var p=new RegExp(".*(Version)/((?:\\d+\\.)+\\d+)|.*("+t+")"+(t=="MSIE"?" ":"/")+"((?:\\d+\\.)*\\d+)|(?:^|\\(| )([a-z][-a-z0-9._: ]+|(?:Apple)?WebKit)/((?:\\d+\\.)+\\d+)");var s=p.exec(g)||["","","","unknown","0.0"];c.Browser.name=(s[1]=="Version"?t:(s[3]||s[5]));c.Browser.version=s[2]||s[4]||s[6];break}}}c.Browser.Select({Safari:function(j){var i=parseInt((String(j.version).split("."))[0]);if(i>85){j.webkit=j.version}if(i>=533){j.version="5.0"}else{if(i>=526){j.version="4.0"}else{if(i>=525){j.version="3.1"}else{if(i>500){j.version="3.0"}else{if(i>400){j.version="2.0"}else{if(i>85){j.version="1.0"}}}}}}},Firefox:function(j){if(j.version==="0.0"&&navigator.product==="Gecko"&&navigator.productSub){var i=navigator.productSub.substr(0,8);if(i>="20090630"){j.version="3.5"}else{if(i>="20080617"){j.version="3.0"}else{if(i>="20061024"){j.version="2.0"}}}}},Opera:function(i){i.version=opera.version()},MSIE:function(i){i.isIE9=!!(document.documentMode&&(window.performance||window.msPerformance));MathJax.HTML.setScriptBug=!i.isIE9||document.documentMode<9}});c.Browser.Select(MathJax.Message.browsers);c.queue=f.Callback.Queue();c.queue.Push(["Post",q.signal,"Begin"],["Config",q],["Cookie",q],["Styles",q],function(){var i=f.Callback.Queue(q.Jax(),q.Extensions());return i.Push({})},["Menu",q],q.onLoad(),function(){MathJax.isReady=true},["Typeset",q],["Post",q.signal,"End"])})("MathJax")}};