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"""

The function below will convert any binary string to the octal equivalent.

>>> bin_to_octal("1111")

'17'

>>> bin_to_octal("101010101010011")

'52523'

>>> bin_to_octal("")

Traceback (most recent call last):

...

ValueError: Empty string was passed to the function

>>> bin_to_octal("a-1")

Traceback (most recent call last):

...

ValueError: Non-binary value was passed to the function

"""

def bin_to_octal(bin_string: str) -> str:

if not all(char in "01" for char in bin_string):

raise ValueError("Non-binary value was passed to the function")

if not bin_string:

raise ValueError("Empty string was passed to the function")

oct_string = ""

while len(bin_string) % 3 != 0:

bin_string = "0" + bin_string

bin_string_in_3_list = [

bin_string[index : index + 3]

for index in range(len(bin_string))

if index % 3 == 0

]

for bin_group in bin_string_in_3_list:

oct_val = 0

for index, val in enumerate(bin_group):

oct_val += int(2 ** (2 - index) * int(val))

oct_string += str(oct_val)

return oct_string

if __name__ == "__main__":

from doctest import testmod

testmod()

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