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v4.1.1
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/
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utils
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class.lua
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v4.1.1
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utils
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class.lua
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---
Provides a reuseable and convenient framework for creating classes in Lua.
--
Two possible notations:
--
--
B = class(A)
--
class.B(A)
--
--
The latter form creates a named class within the current environment. Note
--
that this implicitly brings in `pl.utils` as a dependency.
--
--
See the Guide for further @{01-introduction.md.Simplifying_Object_Oriented_Programming_in_Lua|discussion}
--
@
module
pl.class
local
error
,
getmetatable
,
io
,
pairs
,
rawget
,
rawset
,
setmetatable
,
tostring
,
type
=
_G
.
error
,
_G
.
getmetatable
,
_G
.
io
,
_G
.
pairs
,
_G
.
rawget
,
_G
.
rawset
,
_G
.
setmetatable
,
_G
.
tostring
,
_G
.
type
local
compat
--
this trickery is necessary to prevent the inheritance of 'super' and
--
the resulting recursive call problems.
local
function
call_ctor
(
c
,
obj
, ...)
local
init
=
rawget
(
c
,
'
_init
'
)
local
parent_with_init
=
rawget
(
c
,
'
_parent_with_init
'
)
if
parent_with_init
then
if
not
init
then
--
inheriting an init
init
=
rawget
(
parent_with_init
,
'
_init
'
)
parent_with_init
=
rawget
(
parent_with_init
,
'
_parent_with_init
'
)
end
if
parent_with_init
then
--
super() points to one above whereever _init came from
rawset
(
obj
,
'
super
'
,
function
(
loc_obj
, ...)
call_ctor
(
parent_with_init
,
loc_obj
,
...
)
end
)
end
else
--
Without this, calling super() where none exists will sometimes loop and stack overflow
rawset
(
obj
,
'
super
'
,
nil
)
end
local
res
=
init
(
obj
,
...
)
if
parent_with_init
then
--
If this execution of call_ctor set a super, unset it
rawset
(
obj
,
'
super
'
,
nil
)
end
return
res
end
---
initializes an __instance__ upon creation.
--
@
function
class:_init
--
@
param
... parameters passed to the constructor
--
@
usage
local Cat = class()
--
function Cat:_init(name)
--
--self:super(name) -- call the ancestor initializer if needed
--
self.name = name
--
end
--
--
local pussycat = Cat("pussycat")
--
print(pussycat.name) --> pussycat
---
checks whether an __instance__ is derived from some class.
--
Works the other way around as `class_of`. It has two ways of using;
--
1) call with a class to check against, 2) call without params.
--
@
function
instance:is_a
--
@
param
some_class class to check against, or `nil` to return the class
--
@
return
`true` if `instance` is derived from `some_class`, or if `some_class == nil` then
--
it returns the class table of the instance
--
@
usage
local pussycat = Lion() -- assuming Lion derives from Cat
--
if pussycat:is_a(Cat) then
--
-- it's true, it is a Lion, but also a Cat
--
end
--
--
if pussycat:is_a() == Lion then
--
-- It's true
--
end
local
function
is_a
(
self
,
klass
)
if
klass
==
nil
then
--
no class provided, so return the class this instance is derived from
return
getmetatable
(
self
)
end
local
m
=
getmetatable
(
self
)
if
not
m
then
return
false
end
--
*can't be an object!
while
m
do
if
m
==
klass
then
return
true
end
m
=
rawget
(
m
,
'
_base
'
)
end
return
false
end
---
checks whether an __instance__ is derived from some class.
--
Works the other way around as `is_a`.
--
@
function
some_class:class_of
--
@
param
some_instance instance to check against
--
@
return
`true` if `some_instance` is derived from `some_class`
--
@
usage
local pussycat = Lion() -- assuming Lion derives from Cat
--
if Cat:class_of(pussycat) then
--
-- it's true
--
end
local
function
class_of
(
klass
,
obj
)
if
type
(
klass
)
~=
'
table
'
or
not
rawget
(
klass
,
'
is_a
'
)
then
return
false
end
return
klass
.
is_a
(
obj
,
klass
)
end
---
cast an object to another class.
--
It is not clever (or safe!) so use carefully.
--
@
param
some_instance the object to be changed
--
@
function
some_class:cast
local
function
cast
(
klass
,
obj
)
return
setmetatable
(
obj
,
klass
)
end
local
function
_class_tostring
(
obj
)
local
mt
=
obj
.
_class
local
name
=
rawget
(
mt
,
'
_name
'
)
setmetatable
(
obj
,
nil
)
local
str
=
tostring
(
obj
)
setmetatable
(
obj
,
mt
)
if
name
then
str
=
name
..
str
:
gsub
(
'
table
'
,
'
'
)
end
return
str
end
local
function
tupdate
(
td
,
ts
,
dont_override
)
for
k
,
v
in
pairs
(
ts
)
do
if
not
dont_override
or
td
[
k
]
==
nil
then
td
[
k
]
=
v
end
end
end
local
function
_class
(
base
,
c_arg
,
c
)
--
the class `c` will be the metatable for all its objects,
--
and they will look up their methods in it.
local
mt
=
{}
--
a metatable for the class to support __call and _handler
--
can define class by passing it a plain table of methods
local
plain
=
type
(
base
)
==
'
table
'
and
not
getmetatable
(
base
)
if
plain
then
c
=
base
base
=
c
.
_base
else
c
=
c
or
{}
end
if
type
(
base
)
==
'
table
'
then
--
our new class is a shallow copy of the base class!
--
but be careful not to wipe out any methods we have been given at this point!
tupdate
(
c
,
base
,
plain
)
c
.
_base
=
base
--
inherit the 'not found' handler, if present
if
rawget
(
c
,
'
_handler
'
)
then
mt
.
__index
=
c
.
_handler
end
elseif
base
~=
nil
then
error
(
'
must derive from a table type
'
,
3
)
end
c
.
__index
=
c
setmetatable
(
c
,
mt
)
if
not
plain
then
if
base
and
rawget
(
base
,
'
_init
'
)
then
c
.
_parent_with_init
=
base
end
--
For super and inherited init
c
.
_init
=
nil
end
if
base
and
rawget
(
base
,
'
_class_init
'
)
then
base
.
_class_init
(
c
,
c_arg
)
end
--
expose a ctor which can be called by <classname>(<args>)
mt
.
__call
=
function
(
_class_tbl
, ...)
local
obj
if
rawget
(
c
,
'
_create
'
)
then
obj
=
c
.
_create
(
...
)
end
if
not
obj
then
obj
=
{}
end
setmetatable
(
obj
,
c
)
if
rawget
(
c
,
'
_init
'
)
or
rawget
(
c
,
'
_parent_with_init
'
)
then
--
constructor exists
local
res
=
call_ctor
(
c
,
obj
,
...
)
if
res
then
--
_if_ a ctor returns a value, it becomes the object...
obj
=
res
setmetatable
(
obj
,
c
)
end
end
if
base
and
rawget
(
base
,
'
_post_init
'
)
then
base
.
_post_init
(
obj
)
end
return
obj
end
--
Call Class.catch to set a handler for methods/properties not found in the class!
c
.
catch
=
function
(
self
,
handler
)
if
type
(
self
)
==
'
function
'
then
--
called using . instead of :
handler
=
self
end
c
.
_handler
=
handler
mt
.
__index
=
handler
end
c
.
is_a
=
is_a
c
.
class_of
=
class_of
c
.
cast
=
cast
c
.
_class
=
c
if
not
rawget
(
c
,
'
__tostring
'
)
then
c
.
__tostring
=
_class_tostring
end
return
c
end
---
create a new class, derived from a given base class.
--
Supporting two class creation syntaxes:
--
either `Name = class(base)` or `class.Name(base)`.
--
The first form returns the class directly and does not set its `_name`.
--
The second form creates a variable `Name` in the current environment set
--
to the class, and also sets `_name`.
--
@
function
class
--
@
param
base optional base class
--
@
param
c_arg optional parameter to class constructor
--
@
param
c optional table to be used as class
local
class
class
=
setmetatable
({}, {
__call
=
function
(
_fun
, ...)
return
_class
(
...
)
end
,
__index
=
function
(
_tbl
,
key
)
if
key
==
'
class
'
then
io.stderr
:
write
(
'
require("pl.class").class is deprecated. Use require("pl.class")
\n
'
)
return
class
end
compat
=
compat
or
require
(
'
pl.compat
'
)
local
env
=
compat
.
getfenv
(
2
)
return
function
(...)
local
c
=
_class
(
...
)
c
.
_name
=
key
rawset
(
env
,
key
,
c
)
return
c
end
end
,
})
class
.
properties
=
class
()
function
class
.
properties
.
_class_init
(
klass
)
klass
.
__index
=
function
(
t
,
key
)
--
normal class lookup!
local
v
=
klass
[
key
]
if
v
then
return
v
end
--
is it a getter?
v
=
rawget
(
klass
,
'
get_
'
..
key
)
if
v
then
return
v
(
t
)
end
--
is it a field?
return
rawget
(
t
,
'
_
'
..
key
)
end
klass
.
__newindex
=
function
(
t
,
key
,
value
)
--
if there's a setter, use that, otherwise directly set table
local
p
=
'
set_
'
..
key
local
setter
=
klass
[
p
]
if
setter
then
setter
(
t
,
value
)
else
rawset
(
t
,
key
,
value
)
end
end
end
return
class
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