@@ -494,6 +494,14 @@ Closing the owning library or unregistering the currently executing callback
 from inside the callback is unsupported and dangerous. Doing so may crash the
 process, produce incorrect output, or corrupt memory.
 
+If the thread running a callback is stopped while the callback executes, for
+example by `worker.terminate()`, by `process.exit()` in a Worker, or by the
+main thread exiting, only that thread stops. The callback returns to native
+code without a value: non-void return values are zero-initialized, so native
+code receives `0`, `false`, or a null pointer. Native code that does not
+handle such a value, for example by dereferencing a returned null pointer, can
+crash the process.
+
 ### `library.unregisterCallback(pointer)`
 
 * `pointer` {bigint}
 
@@ -768,6 +768,16 @@ void DynamicLibrary::InvokeCallback(ffi_cif* cif,
   MaybeLocal<Value> result = callback->Call(
       context, Undefined(isolate), expected_args, callback_args.data());
 
+  // Termination (worker.terminate(), process.exit() in a Worker, or
+  // environment teardown) is not an exception thrown by the callback.
+  // Return a zeroed result and let the caller unwind.
+  if (try_catch.HasTerminated()) {
+    if (ret != nullptr && cb->return_type->size > 0) {
+      std::memset(ret, 0, GetFFIReturnValueStorageSize(cb->return_type));
+    }
+    return;
+  }
+
   // Handle exceptions by crashing (can't propagate across FFI boundary)
   if (try_catch.HasCaught()) {
     FPrintF(stderr, "Callbacks cannot throw an exception\n");
 
@@ -42,4 +42,5 @@ functions.call_int_callback(callback, 21);`,
 module.exports = {
   assertAborts,
   assertCallbackAborts,
+  spawnAbortingChild,
 };
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+'use strict';
+const common = require('../common');
+common.skipIfFFIMissing();
+const assert = require('node:assert');
+const { test } = require('node:test');
+const { spawnAbortingChild } = require('./ffi-callback-test-common');
+const { libraryPath } = require('./ffi-test-common');
+
+// Stopping a Worker while it is inside an FFI callback terminates execution.
+// That must stop only the Worker instead of aborting the process.
+// The Worker must not load test/common: its 'exit' handler would throw from
+// inside the callback on process.exit(), which is a real exception.
+function runWorker(mode) {
+  const workerSource = `
+const { parentPort, workerData } = require('node:worker_threads');
+const ffi = require('node:ffi');
+const { lib, functions } = ffi.dlopen(${JSON.stringify(libraryPath)}, {
+  call_int_callback: { arguments: ['pointer', 'i32'], return: 'i32' },
+});
+const callback = lib.registerCallback(
+  { arguments: ['i32'], return: 'i32' },
+  () => {
+    if (workerData === 'exit') process.exit(0);
+    parentPort.postMessage('in callback');
+    for (;;);
+  },
+);
+functions.call_int_callback(callback, 21);
+`;
+  return spawnAbortingChild(`'use strict';
+const { Worker } = require('node:worker_threads');
+const worker = new Worker(${JSON.stringify(workerSource)}, {
+  eval: true,
+  workerData: ${JSON.stringify(mode)},
+});
+worker.on('message', () => {
+  if (${JSON.stringify(mode)} === 'shutdown') process.exit(0);
+  worker.terminate();
+});
+worker.on('exit', (code) => console.log('worker exited with code ' + code));`);
+}
+
+for (const [mode, stdout] of [
+  ['shutdown', ''],
+  ['terminate', 'worker exited with code 1\n'],
+  ['exit', 'worker exited with code 0\n'],
+]) {
+  test(`stopping a Worker inside a callback (${mode}) does not abort`, () => {
+    const { status, signal, stdout: actual, stderr } = runWorker(mode);
+    assert.strictEqual(status, 0, `signal: ${signal}\nstderr: ${stderr}`);
+    assert.strictEqual(actual, stdout);
+    assert.doesNotMatch(stderr, /Callbacks cannot throw an exception/);
+  });
+}