@@ -104,6 +104,8 @@ class ZipFileHandle extends VirtualFileHandle {
   #buffer;
   #size;
   #dirty = false;
+  #entryMode;
+  #modified;
 
   /**
    * @param {string} path
@@ -114,8 +116,15 @@ class ZipFileHandle extends VirtualFileHandle {
    * @param {Buffer} initial The entry's current decompressed content, or an
    *   empty buffer for a new/truncated file
    */
-  constructor(path, flags, mode, source, name, initial) {
+  constructor(path, flags, mode, source, name, initial, entry = null, dirty = false) {
     super(path, flags, mode);
+    // An existing entry keeps its own mode and modification time across a
+    // rewrite; only a newly created file takes the mode open() was given.
+    this.#entryMode = entry === null ? this.mode : (entry.mode || 0o644);
+    this.#modified = entry === null ? null : entry.modified;
+    // Creation and truncation take effect at open time on a real file, so
+    // such a handle is committed on close even when nothing is written.
+    this.#dirty = dirty;
     this.#source = source;
     this.#name = name;
     this.#buffer = initial;
@@ -206,8 +215,13 @@ class ZipFileHandle extends VirtualFileHandle {
     this.#doWriteFile(data, options);
   }
 
+  // Reports the entry's own mode and, until the handle has changed the file,
+  // its own modification time; once dirty the file is as new as its close.
   #doStat() {
-    return createFileStats(this.#size, { mode: this.mode });
+    return createFileStats(this.#size, {
+      mode: this.#entryMode,
+      mtimeMs: this.#dirty || this.#modified === null ? undefined : this.#modified.getTime(),
+    });
   }
   async stat(options) {
     return this.#doStat();
@@ -235,13 +249,13 @@ class ZipFileHandle extends VirtualFileHandle {
 
   async close() {
     if (this.#dirty && isWritableFlag(this.flags)) {
-      await this.#source.add(this.#name, this.#buffer.subarray(0, this.#size), { mode: this.mode });
+      await this.#source.add(this.#name, this.#buffer.subarray(0, this.#size), { mode: this.#entryMode });
     }
     await super.close();
   }
   closeSync() {
     if (this.#dirty && isWritableFlag(this.flags)) {
-      this.#source.addSync(this.#name, this.#buffer.subarray(0, this.#size), { mode: this.mode });
+      this.#source.addSync(this.#name, this.#buffer.subarray(0, this.#size), { mode: this.#entryMode });
     }
     super.closeSync();
   }
@@ -339,7 +353,8 @@ class ZipProvider extends VirtualProvider {
     if (exists && !isWriteTruncate(flags)) {
       initial = await fileEntry.content();
     }
-    return new ZipFileHandle(path, flags, mode, this.#source, name, initial);
+    return new ZipFileHandle(path, flags, mode, this.#source, name, initial,
+                             fileEntry, !exists || isWriteTruncate(flags));
   }
   openSync(path, flags, mode) {
     const name = normalize(path);
@@ -361,7 +376,8 @@ class ZipProvider extends VirtualProvider {
     if (exists && !isWriteTruncate(flags)) {
       initial = fileEntry.contentSync();
     }
-    return new ZipFileHandle(path, flags, mode, this.#source, name, initial);
+    return new ZipFileHandle(path, flags, mode, this.#source, name, initial,
+                             fileEntry, !exists || isWriteTruncate(flags));
   }
 
   async stat(path, options) {
@@ -519,6 +535,9 @@ class ZipProvider extends VirtualProvider {
     const newName = normalize(newPath);
     const entry = await this.#getEntry(oldName);
     if (entry === null) throw createENOENT('rename', oldPath);
+    // A file cannot take a directory's name; the archive would otherwise
+    // hold both under it.
+    if (this.#isDirectory(newName)) throw createEISDIR('rename', newPath);
     const content = await entry.content();
     await this.#source.add(newName, content, {
       mode: entry.mode || undefined,
@@ -533,6 +552,7 @@ class ZipProvider extends VirtualProvider {
     const newName = normalize(newPath);
     const entry = this.#getEntrySync(oldName);
     if (entry === null) throw createENOENT('rename', oldPath);
+    if (this.#isDirectory(newName)) throw createEISDIR('rename', newPath);
     const content = entry.contentSync();
     this.#source.addSync(newName, content, {
       mode: entry.mode || undefined,