@@ -2194,6 +2194,15 @@ For Zstd streams, cancel the current frame and start a new session while
 preserving the configured parameters and dictionary. If `pledgedSrcSize` was
 configured for a Zstd compressor, it applies again to the next frame.
 
+Resetting a gzip stream after it has emitted output for an incomplete member
+causes the stream to error with `ERR_ZLIB_INCOMPLETE_FRAME`. Resetting at
+that point would discard the member state while the bytes already written out
+remain at the start of the output stream, leaving it undecodable. Call
+`.end()`, or start over with a new gzip stream, instead.
+zlib-wrapped deflate may still `reset()` after a flush; callers that reuse
+the compressor discard the first output. Raw deflate has no wrapper header,
+so `reset()` after a flush still concatenates.
+
 Calling `reset()` while a write is in progress throws an `Error`.
 
 Resetting an incomplete Zstd compression frame after it has emitted output
 
@@ -229,6 +229,15 @@ class ZlibContext final : public MemoryRetainer {
   unsigned int gzip_id_bytes_read_ = 0;
   std::vector<unsigned char> dictionary_;
 
+  // gzip and zlib-wrapped deflate emit a header on the first deflate() call.
+  // Resetting after those bytes have left the compressor starts a new member
+  // while the fragment remains, so gunzip/inflate fail with Z_DATA_ERROR.
+  // Raw deflate has no header; Z_FULL_FLUSH + reset still concatenates.
+  // A member is complete once deflate() has been called with Z_FINISH and
+  // returned Z_STREAM_END.
+  bool stream_complete_ = true;
+  bool output_emitted_ = false;
+
   z_stream strm_;
 };
 
@@ -1096,9 +1105,20 @@ void ZlibContext::DoThreadPoolWork() {
   switch (mode_) {
     case DEFLATE:
     case GZIP:
-    case DEFLATERAW:
+    case DEFLATERAW: {
+      const unsigned out_before = strm_.avail_out;
       err_ = deflate(&strm_, flush_);
+      if (out_before > strm_.avail_out) {
+        output_emitted_ = true;
+      }
+      if (err_ == Z_STREAM_END) {
+        stream_complete_ = true;
+        output_emitted_ = false;
+      } else if (err_ == Z_OK || err_ == Z_BUF_ERROR) {
+        stream_complete_ = false;
+      }
       break;
+    }
     case UNZIP:
       if (strm_.avail_in > 0) {
         next_expected_header_byte = strm_.next_in;
@@ -1241,6 +1261,20 @@ CompressionError ZlibContext::GetErrorInfo() const {
 
 
 CompressionError ZlibContext::ResetStream() {
+  // deflateReset() is deflateEnd + deflateInit: a new stream. gzip emits a
+  // wrapper header on the first write; those bytes cannot be taken back, so
+  // refuse reset once an incomplete gzip member has emitted output.
+  // zlib-wrapped deflate still allows reset after flush: callers discard the
+  // first member (test-zlib-dictionary.js). Raw deflate has no wrapper header,
+  // so flush+reset still concatenates.
+  if (mode_ == GZIP && !stream_complete_ && output_emitted_) {
+    return CompressionError(
+        "Cannot reset a gzip stream with an incomplete member; end the "
+        "stream or start a new gzip compressor",
+        "ERR_ZLIB_INCOMPLETE_FRAME",
+        Z_STREAM_ERROR);
+  }
+
   bool first_init_call = InitZlib();
   if (first_init_call && err_ != Z_OK) {
     return ErrorForMessage("Failed to init stream before reset");
@@ -1266,6 +1300,8 @@ CompressionError ZlibContext::ResetStream() {
   if (err_ != Z_OK)
     return ErrorForMessage("Failed to reset stream");
 
+  stream_complete_ = true;
+  output_emitted_ = false;
   return SetDictionary();
 }
 
@@ -1310,6 +1346,8 @@ void ZlibContext::Init(int level,
   flush_ = Z_NO_FLUSH;
 
   err_ = Z_OK;
+  stream_complete_ = true;
+  output_emitted_ = false;
 
   if (mode_ == GZIP || mode_ == GUNZIP) {
     window_bits_ += 16;
 
@@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
+'use strict';
+
+// Tests that reset() refuses to run on gzip once an incomplete member has
+// already emitted output.
+//
+// deflateReset() is equivalent to deflateEnd + deflateInit. gzip writes a
+// header on the first write, so those bytes cannot be taken back.
+//
+// zlib-wrapped deflate still allows reset after flush: official
+// test-zlib-dictionary.js discards the first member and reuses the
+// compressor. Raw deflate has no wrapper header: a small write may emit
+// nothing, and flush+reset still concatenates.
+
+require('../common');
+const assert = require('assert');
+const { finished } = require('stream/promises');
+const test = require('node:test');
+const zlib = require('zlib');
+
+async function writeHello(stream) {
+  await new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
+    stream.write(Buffer.from('hello'), (err) => {
+      if (err) {
+        reject(err);
+      } else {
+        resolve();
+      }
+    });
+  });
+}
+
+test('Gzip reset throws when write has emitted wrapper output', async () => {
+  const stream = zlib.createGzip();
+  const chunks = [];
+  stream.on('data', (chunk) => chunks.push(chunk));
+
+  await writeHello(stream);
+  assert.ok(Buffer.concat(chunks).length > 0);
+
+  stream.reset();
+  stream.end(Buffer.from('world'));
+
+  await assert.rejects(finished(stream), {
+    code: 'ERR_ZLIB_INCOMPLETE_FRAME',
+  });
+});
+
+test('Gzip reset throws when flush has emitted incomplete output', async () => {
+  const stream = zlib.createGzip();
+  const chunks = [];
+  stream.on('data', (chunk) => chunks.push(chunk));
+
+  stream.write(Buffer.from('hello'));
+  await new Promise((resolve) => stream.flush(resolve));
+  assert.ok(Buffer.concat(chunks).length > 0);
+
+  stream.reset();
+  stream.end(Buffer.from('world'));
+
+  await assert.rejects(finished(stream), {
+    code: 'ERR_ZLIB_INCOMPLETE_FRAME',
+  });
+});
+
+test('Gzip flush followed by end still produces a valid stream', async () => {
+  const stream = zlib.createGzip();
+  const chunks = [];
+  stream.on('data', (chunk) => chunks.push(chunk));
+
+  stream.write(Buffer.from('hello'));
+  await new Promise((resolve) => stream.flush(resolve));
+  stream.end(Buffer.from('world'));
+  await finished(stream);
+
+  assert.strictEqual(
+    zlib.gunzipSync(Buffer.concat(chunks)).toString(),
+    'helloworld',
+  );
+});
+
+test('Gzip reset before any write still works', async () => {
+  const stream = zlib.createGzip();
+  const chunks = [];
+  stream.on('data', (chunk) => chunks.push(chunk));
+
+  stream.reset();
+  stream.end(Buffer.from('hello'));
+  await finished(stream);
+
+  assert.strictEqual(
+    zlib.gunzipSync(Buffer.concat(chunks)).toString(),
+    'hello',
+  );
+});
+
+test('Deflate reset after flush still works when first output is discarded',
+     async () => {
+       const stream = zlib.createDeflate();
+       const chunks = [];
+       let take = false;
+       stream.on('data', (chunk) => {
+         if (take) {
+           chunks.push(chunk);
+         }
+       });
+
+       stream.write(Buffer.from('hello'));
+       await new Promise((resolve) => stream.flush(resolve));
+       stream.reset();
+       take = true;
+       stream.end(Buffer.from('world'));
+       await finished(stream);
+
+       assert.strictEqual(
+         zlib.inflateSync(Buffer.concat(chunks)).toString(),
+         'world',
+       );
+     });
+
+test('DeflateRaw reset after write without emitted output still works',
+     async () => {
+       const stream = zlib.createDeflateRaw();
+       const chunks = [];
+       stream.on('data', (chunk) => chunks.push(chunk));
+
+       await writeHello(stream);
+       assert.strictEqual(Buffer.concat(chunks).length, 0);
+
+       stream.reset();
+       stream.end(Buffer.from('world'));
+       await finished(stream);
+
+       assert.strictEqual(
+         zlib.inflateRawSync(Buffer.concat(chunks)).toString(),
+         'world',
+       );
+     });
+
+test('DeflateRaw flush followed by reset still concatenates', async () => {
+  const stream = zlib.createDeflateRaw();
+  const chunks = [];
+  stream.on('data', (chunk) => chunks.push(chunk));
+
+  stream.write(Buffer.from('hello'));
+  await new Promise((resolve) => stream.flush(resolve));
+  stream.reset();
+  stream.end(Buffer.from('world'));
+  await finished(stream);
+
+  assert.strictEqual(
+    zlib.inflateRawSync(Buffer.concat(chunks)).toString(),
+    'helloworld',
+  );
+});