{

std::string result = str;

std::transform(result.begin(),

result.end(),

result.begin(),

(int(*)(int)) std::toupper

);

return result;

{

std::transform(str.begin(),

str.end(),

str.begin(),

(int(*)(int)) std::toupper

);

{

std::string result = str;

std::transform(result.begin(),

result.end(),

result.begin(),

(int(*)(int)) std::tolower

);

return result;

const std::string& s,

char sep,

bool collapse

)

{

std::vector<std::string> result;

std::istringstream buf(s);

for(std::string token; getline(buf, token, sep); )

{

if((collapse && token != "") || !collapse)

result.push_back(token);

}

return result;

const std::string& pattern,

const std::string& replace_str

)

{

regex_t preg;

regmatch_t substmatch[1];

regcomp(&preg, pattern.c_str(), REG_EXTENDED|REG_ICASE);

std::string result;

if ( regexec(&preg, str.c_str(), 1, substmatch, 0) == 0 )

{

char ns[substmatch[0].rm_so + 1 +

replace_str.size() + (str.size() - substmatch[0].rm_eo) + 2

];

memcpy(ns, str.c_str(), substmatch[0].rm_so+1);

memcpy(&ns[substmatch[0].rm_so],

replace_str.c_str(),

replace_str.size()

);

memcpy(&ns[substmatch[0].rm_so+replace_str.size()],

&str[substmatch[0].rm_eo], str.substr(substmatch[0].rm_eo).size()

);

ns[substmatch[0].rm_so +

replace_str.size() +

str.substr(substmatch[0].rm_eo).size()

] = 0;

result = std::string((char*)ns);

}

regfree(&preg);

return result;