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<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
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to download the full example code</p>
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<section class="sphx-glr-example-title" id="text-rendering-with-latex">
<span id="sphx-glr-tutorials-text-usetex-py"></span><h1>Text rendering with LaTeX<a class="headerlink" href="#text-rendering-with-latex" title="Permalink to this heading">#</a></h1>
<p>Matplotlib can use LaTeX to render text. This is activated by setting
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">text.usetex</span> <span class="pre">:</span> <span class="pre">True</span></code> in your rcParams, or by setting the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">usetex</span></code> property
to True on individual <a class="reference internal" href="../../api/text_api.html#matplotlib.text.Text" title="matplotlib.text.Text"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Text</span></code></a> objects. Text handling through LaTeX is slower
than Matplotlib's very capable <a class="reference internal" href="mathtext.html"><span class="doc">mathtext</span></a>, but
is more flexible, since different LaTeX packages (font packages, math packages,
etc.) can be used. The results can be striking, especially when you take care
to use the same fonts in your figures as in the main document.</p>
<p>Matplotlib's LaTeX support requires a working <a class="reference external" href="http://www.tug.org">LaTeX</a> installation. For
the *Agg backends, <a class="reference external" href="http://www.nongnu.org/dvipng/">dvipng</a> is additionally required; for the PS backend,
<a class="reference external" href="https://ctan.org/pkg/psfrag">PSfrag</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://tug.org/texinfohtml/dvips.html">dvips</a> and <a class="reference external" href="https://ghostscript.com/">Ghostscript</a> are additionally required. For the PDF
and SVG backends, if LuaTeX is present, it will be used to speed up some
post-processing steps, but note that it is not used to parse the TeX string
itself (only LaTeX is supported). The executables for these external
dependencies must all be located on your <span class="target" id="index-0"></span><a class="reference internal" href="../../users/faq/environment_variables_faq.html#envvar-PATH"><code class="xref std std-envvar docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PATH</span></code></a>.</p>
<p>Only a small number of font families (defined by the <a class="reference external" href="http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/required/psnfss/psnfss2e.pdf">PSNFSS</a> scheme) are
supported. They are listed here, with the corresponding LaTeX font selection
commands and LaTeX packages, which are automatically used.</p>
<table class="table">
<thead>
<tr class="row-odd"><th class="head"><p>generic family</p></th>
<th class="head"><p>fonts</p></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>serif (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">\rmfamily</span></code>)</p></td>
<td><p>Computer Modern Roman, Palatino (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">mathpazo</span></code>),
Times (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">mathptmx</span></code>), Bookman (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bookman</span></code>),
New Century Schoolbook (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">newcent</span></code>),
Charter (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">charter</span></code>)</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>sans-serif (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">\sffamily</span></code>)</p></td>
<td><p>Computer Modern Serif, Helvetica (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">helvet</span></code>),
Avant Garde (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">avant</span></code>)</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>cursive (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">\rmfamily</span></code>)</p></td>
<td><p>Zapf Chancery (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">chancery</span></code>)</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>monospace (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">\ttfamily</span></code>)</p></td>
<td><p>Computer Modern Typewriter, Courier (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">courier</span></code>)</p></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>The default font family (which does not require loading any LaTeX package) is
Computer Modern. All other families are Adobe fonts. Times and Palatino each
have their own accompanying math fonts, while the other Adobe serif fonts make
use of the Computer Modern math fonts.</p>
<p>To enable LaTeX and select a font, use e.g.:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">rcParams</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">update</span><span class="p">({</span>
<span class="s2">"text.usetex"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="s2">"font.family"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">"Helvetica"</span>
<span class="p">})</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>or equivalently, set your <a class="reference internal" href="../introductory/customizing.html"><span class="doc">matplotlibrc</span></a> to:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">text</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">usetex</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">true</span>
<span class="n">font</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">family</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">Helvetica</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>It is also possible to instead set <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">font.family</span></code> to one of the generic family
names and then configure the corresponding generic family; e.g.:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">rcParams</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">update</span><span class="p">({</span>
<span class="s2">"text.usetex"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="s2">"font.family"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">"sans-serif"</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="s2">"font.sans-serif"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">"Helvetica"</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="p">})</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>(this was the required approach until Matplotlib 3.5).</p>
<p>Here is the standard example,
<a class="reference internal" href="../../gallery/text_labels_and_annotations/tex_demo.html"><span class="doc">Rendering math equations using TeX</span></a>:</p>
<figure class="align-center">
<a class="reference external image-reference" href="../../gallery/text_labels_and_annotations/tex_demo.html"><img alt="../../_images/sphx_glr_tex_demo_001.png" src="../../_images/sphx_glr_tex_demo_001.png" /></a>
</figure>
<p>Note that display math mode (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">$$</span> <span class="pre">e=mc^2</span> <span class="pre">$$</span></code>) is not supported, but adding the
command <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">\displaystyle</span></code>, as in the above demo, will produce the same results.</p>
<p>Non-ASCII characters (e.g. the degree sign in the y-label above) are supported
to the extent that they are supported by <a class="reference external" href="https://ctan.org/pkg/inputenc">inputenc</a>.</p>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
<p>For consistency with the non-usetex case, Matplotlib special-cases newlines,
so that single-newlines yield linebreaks (rather than being interpreted as
whitespace in standard LaTeX).</p>
<p>Matplotlib uses the <a class="reference external" href="https://ctan.org/pkg/underscore">underscore</a> package so that underscores (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">_</span></code>) are
printed "as-is" in text mode (rather than causing an error as in standard
LaTeX). Underscores still introduce subscripts in math mode.</p>
</div>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
<p>Certain characters require special escaping in TeX, such as:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1"># $ % & ~ ^ \ { } \( \) \[ \]</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Therefore, these characters will behave differently depending on
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><a class="reference internal" href="../introductory/customizing.html?highlight=text.usetex#matplotlibrc-sample"><span class="std std-ref"><span class="pre">rcParams["text.usetex"]</span></span></a></code> (default: <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">False</span></code>). As noted above, underscores (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">_</span></code>) do not require
escaping outside of math mode.</p>
</div>
<section id="postscript-options">
<h2>PostScript options<a class="headerlink" href="#postscript-options" title="Permalink to this heading">#</a></h2>
<p>In order to produce encapsulated PostScript (EPS) files that can be embedded
in a new LaTeX document, the default behavior of Matplotlib is to distill the
output, which removes some PostScript operators used by LaTeX that are illegal
in an EPS file. This step produces results which may be unacceptable to some
users, because the text is coarsely rasterized and converted to bitmaps, which
are not scalable like standard PostScript, and the text is not searchable. One
workaround is to set <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><a class="reference internal" href="../introductory/customizing.html?highlight=ps.distiller.res#matplotlibrc-sample"><span class="std std-ref"><span class="pre">rcParams["ps.distiller.res"]</span></span></a></code> (default: <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">6000</span></code>) to a higher value (perhaps 6000)
in your rc settings, which will produce larger files but may look better and
scale reasonably. A better workaround, which requires <a class="reference external" href="https://poppler.freedesktop.org/">Poppler</a> or <a class="reference external" href="http://www.xpdfreader.com/">Xpdf</a>, can
be activated by changing <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><a class="reference internal" href="../introductory/customizing.html?highlight=ps.usedistiller#matplotlibrc-sample"><span class="std std-ref"><span class="pre">rcParams["ps.usedistiller"]</span></span></a></code> (default: <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code>) to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">xpdf</span></code>. This alternative
produces PostScript without rasterizing text, so it scales properly, can be
edited in Adobe Illustrator, and searched text in pdf documents.</p>
</section>
<section id="possible-hangups">
<span id="usetex-hangups"></span><h2>Possible hangups<a class="headerlink" href="#possible-hangups" title="Permalink to this heading">#</a></h2>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p>On Windows, the <span class="target" id="index-1"></span><a class="reference internal" href="../../users/faq/environment_variables_faq.html#envvar-PATH"><code class="xref std std-envvar docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PATH</span></code></a> environment variable may need to be modified
to include the directories containing the latex, dvipng and ghostscript
executables. See <a class="reference internal" href="../../users/faq/environment_variables_faq.html#environment-variables"><span class="std std-ref">Environment variables</span></a> and
<a class="reference internal" href="../../users/faq/environment_variables_faq.html#setting-windows-environment-variables"><span class="std std-ref">Setting environment variables in Windows</span></a> for details.</p></li>
<li><p>Using MiKTeX with Computer Modern fonts, if you get odd *Agg and PNG
results, go to MiKTeX/Options and update your format files</p></li>
<li><p>On Ubuntu and Gentoo, the base texlive install does not ship with
the type1cm package. You may need to install some of the extra
packages to get all the goodies that come bundled with other LaTeX
distributions.</p></li>
<li><p>Some progress has been made so Matplotlib uses the dvi files
directly for text layout. This allows LaTeX to be used for text
layout with the pdf and svg backends, as well as the *Agg and PS
backends. In the future, a LaTeX installation may be the only
external dependency.</p></li>
</ul>
</section>
<section id="troubleshooting">
<span id="usetex-troubleshooting"></span><h2>Troubleshooting<a class="headerlink" href="#troubleshooting" title="Permalink to this heading">#</a></h2>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p>Try deleting your <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.matplotlib/tex.cache</span></code> directory. If you don't know
where to find <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.matplotlib</span></code>, see <a class="reference internal" href="../../users/faq/troubleshooting_faq.html#locating-matplotlib-config-dir"><span class="std std-ref">matplotlib configuration and cache directory locations</span></a>.</p></li>
<li><p>Make sure LaTeX, dvipng and ghostscript are each working and on your
<span class="target" id="index-2"></span><a class="reference internal" href="../../users/faq/environment_variables_faq.html#envvar-PATH"><code class="xref std std-envvar docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PATH</span></code></a>.</p></li>
<li><p>Make sure what you are trying to do is possible in a LaTeX document,
that your LaTeX syntax is valid and that you are using raw strings
if necessary to avoid unintended escape sequences.</p></li>
<li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><a class="reference internal" href="../introductory/customizing.html?highlight=text.latex.preamble#matplotlibrc-sample"><span class="std std-ref"><span class="pre">rcParams["text.latex.preamble"]</span></span></a></code> (default: <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">''</span></code>) is not officially supported. This
option provides lots of flexibility, and lots of ways to cause
problems. Please disable this option before reporting problems to
the mailing list.</p></li>
<li><p>If you still need help, please see <a class="reference internal" href="../../users/faq/troubleshooting_faq.html#reporting-problems"><span class="std std-ref">Getting help</span></a>.</p></li>
</ul>
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<p><a class="reference download internal" download="" href="../../_downloads/0d107edc8c3e240a5bc4f7486b23afc1/usetex.py"><code class="xref download docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Download</span> <span class="pre">Python</span> <span class="pre">source</span> <span class="pre">code:</span> <span class="pre">usetex.py</span></code></a></p>
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<p><a class="reference download internal" download="" href="../../_downloads/67444aa8e727dcf1b494799f62393f05/usetex.ipynb"><code class="xref download docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Download</span> <span class="pre">Jupyter</span> <span class="pre">notebook:</span> <span class="pre">usetex.ipynb</span></code></a></p>
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