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Building histograms using Rectangles and PolyCollections
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Using a path patch to draw rectangles.
The technique of using lots of Rectangle instances, or
the faster method of using PolyCollections, were implemented before we
had proper paths with moveto/lineto, closepoly etc in mpl.  Now that
we have them, we can draw collections of regularly shaped objects with
homogeneous properties more efficiently with a PathCollection. This
example makes a histogram -- it's more work to set up the vertex arrays
at the outset, but it should be much faster for large numbers of
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import matplotlib.patches as patches
import matplotlib.path as path
fig, ax = plt.subplots()
# Fixing random state for reproducibility
np.random.seed(19680801)
# histogram our data with numpy
data = np.random.randn(1000)
n, bins = np.histogram(data, 50)
# get the corners of the rectangles for the histogram
left = bins[:-1]
right = bins[1:]
bottom = np.zeros(len(left))
top = bottom + n
# we need a (numrects x numsides x 2) numpy array for the path helper
# function to build a compound path
XY = np.array([[left, left, right, right], [bottom, top, top, bottom]]).T
# get the Path object
barpath = path.Path.make_compound_path_from_polys(XY)
# make a patch out of it
patch = patches.PathPatch(barpath)
ax.add_patch(patch)
# update the view limits
ax.set_xlim(left[0], right[-1])
ax.set_ylim(bottom.min(), top.max())
#############################################################################
# It should be noted that instead of creating a three-dimensional array and
# using `~.path.Path.make_compound_path_from_polys`, we could as well create
# the compound path directly using vertices and codes as shown below
nrects = len(left)
nverts = nrects*(1+3+1)
verts = np.zeros((nverts, 2))
codes = np.ones(nverts, int) * path.Path.LINETO
codes[0::5] = path.Path.MOVETO
codes[4::5] = path.Path.CLOSEPOLY
verts[0::5, 0] = left
verts[0::5, 1] = bottom
verts[1::5, 0] = left
verts[1::5, 1] = top
verts[2::5, 0] = right
verts[2::5, 1] = top
verts[3::5, 0] = right
verts[3::5, 1] = bottom
barpath = path.Path(verts, codes)
#############################################################################
# .. admonition:: References
#    The use of the following functions, methods, classes and modules is shown
#    in this example:
#    - `matplotlib.patches`
#    - `matplotlib.patches.PathPatch`
#    - `matplotlib.path`
#    - `matplotlib.path.Path`
#    - `matplotlib.path.Path.make_compound_path_from_polys`
#    - `matplotlib.axes.Axes.add_patch`
#    - `matplotlib.collections.PathCollection`
#    This example shows an alternative to
#    - `matplotlib.collections.PolyCollection`
#    - `matplotlib.axes.Axes.hist`

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