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<div class="section" id="generate-polygons-to-fill-under-3d-line-graph">
<span id="sphx-glr-gallery-mplot3d-polys3d-py"></span><h1>Generate polygons to fill under 3D line graph<a class="headerlink" href="#generate-polygons-to-fill-under-3d-line-graph" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
<p>Demonstrate how to create polygons which fill the space under a line
graph. In this example polygons are semi-transparent, creating a sort
of ‘jagged stained glass’ effect.</p>
<img alt="../../_images/sphx_glr_polys3d_001.png" class="align-center" src="../../_images/sphx_glr_polys3d_001.png" />
<div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">mpl_toolkits.mplot3d</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">Axes3D</span>
<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">matplotlib.collections</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <a href="../../api/collections_api.html#matplotlib.collections.PolyCollection" title="View documentation for matplotlib.collections.PolyCollection"><span class="n">PolyCollection</span></a>
<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">matplotlib.pyplot</span> <span class="kn">as</span> <span class="nn">plt</span>
<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">matplotlib</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">colors</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="n">mcolors</span>
<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">numpy</span> <span class="kn">as</span> <span class="nn">np</span>
<span class="c1"># Fixing random state for reproducibility</span>
<a href="https://docs.scipy.org/doc/numpy/reference/generated/numpy.random.seed.html#numpy.random.seed" title="View documentation for numpy.random.seed"><span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">random</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">seed</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">19680801</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">cc</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">arg</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="sd">'''</span>
<span class="sd"> Shorthand to convert 'named' colors to rgba format at 60% opacity.</span>
<span class="sd"> '''</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <a href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.colors.to_rgba.html#matplotlib.colors.to_rgba" title="View documentation for matplotlib.colors.to_rgba"><span class="n">mcolors</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">to_rgba</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">arg</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">alpha</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mf">0.6</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">polygon_under_graph</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">xlist</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">ylist</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="sd">'''</span>
<span class="sd"> Construct the vertex list which defines the polygon filling the space under</span>
<span class="sd"> the (xlist, ylist) line graph. Assumes the xs are in ascending order.</span>
<span class="sd"> '''</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="p">[(</span><span class="n">xlist</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="mf">0.</span><span class="p">)]</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="nb">list</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">zip</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">xlist</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">ylist</span><span class="p">))</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="p">[(</span><span class="n">xlist</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="mf">0.</span><span class="p">)]</span>
<span class="n">fig</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.figure.html#matplotlib.pyplot.figure" title="View documentation for matplotlib.pyplot.figure"><span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">figure</span></a><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">ax</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">fig</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">gca</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">projection</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'3d'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="c1"># Make verts a list, verts[i] will be a list of (x,y) pairs defining polygon i</span>
<span class="n">verts</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[]</span>
<span class="c1"># Set up the x sequence</span>
<span class="n">xs</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="https://docs.scipy.org/doc/numpy/reference/generated/numpy.linspace.html#numpy.linspace" title="View documentation for numpy.linspace"><span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">linspace</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">0.</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">10.</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">26</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="c1"># The ith polygon will appear on the plane y = zs[i]</span>
<span class="n">zs</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">zs</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">ys</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="https://docs.scipy.org/doc/numpy/reference/generated/numpy.random.rand.html#numpy.random.rand" title="View documentation for numpy.random.rand"><span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">random</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">rand</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">xs</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="n">verts</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">polygon_under_graph</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">xs</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">ys</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="n">poly</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="../../api/collections_api.html#matplotlib.collections.PolyCollection" title="View documentation for matplotlib.collections.PolyCollection"><span class="n">PolyCollection</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">verts</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">facecolors</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">cc</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'r'</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">cc</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'g'</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">cc</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'b'</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">cc</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'y'</span><span class="p">)])</span>
<span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">add_collection3d</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">poly</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">zs</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">zs</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">zdir</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'y'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_xlabel</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'X'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_ylabel</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'Y'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_zlabel</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'Z'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_xlim</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_ylim</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_zlim</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.show.html#matplotlib.pyplot.show" title="View documentation for matplotlib.pyplot.show"><span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">show</span></a><span class="p">()</span>
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