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<div class="section" id="mmh-donuts">
<span id="sphx-glr-gallery-api-donut-py"></span><h1>Mmh Donuts!!!<a class="headerlink" href="#mmh-donuts" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
<p>Draw donuts (miam!) using Path and Patches.</p>
<img alt="../../_images/sphx_glr_donut_001.png" class="align-center" src="../../_images/sphx_glr_donut_001.png" />
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">numpy</span> <span class="kn">as</span> <span class="nn">np</span>
<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">matplotlib.path</span> <span class="kn">as</span> <span class="nn">mpath</span>
<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">matplotlib.patches</span> <span class="kn">as</span> <span class="nn">mpatches</span>
<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">matplotlib.pyplot</span> <span class="kn">as</span> <span class="nn">plt</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">wise</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">v</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">v</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="s2">"CCW"</span>
<span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="s2">"CW"</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">make_circle</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">r</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="n">t</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="https://docs.scipy.org/doc/numpy/reference/generated/numpy.arange.html#numpy.arange" title="View documentation for numpy.arange"><span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">arange</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pi</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="mf">2.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">0.01</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">t</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">t</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">reshape</span><span class="p">((</span><span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">t</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">r</span> <span class="o">*</span> <a href="https://docs.scipy.org/doc/numpy/reference/generated/numpy.cos.html#numpy.cos" title="View documentation for numpy.cos"><span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">cos</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">t</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">y</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">r</span> <span class="o">*</span> <a href="https://docs.scipy.org/doc/numpy/reference/generated/numpy.sin.html#numpy.sin" title="View documentation for numpy.sin"><span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">sin</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">t</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <a href="https://docs.scipy.org/doc/numpy/reference/generated/numpy.hstack.html#numpy.hstack" title="View documentation for numpy.hstack"><span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">hstack</span></a><span class="p">((</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">y</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="n">Path</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="../../api/path_api.html#matplotlib.path.Path" title="View documentation for matplotlib.path.Path"><span class="n">mpath</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Path</span></a>
<span class="n">fig</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">ax</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.subplots.html#matplotlib.pyplot.subplots" title="View documentation for matplotlib.pyplot.subplots"><span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">subplots</span></a><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">inside_vertices</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">make_circle</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">0.5</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">outside_vertices</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">make_circle</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">codes</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="https://docs.scipy.org/doc/numpy/reference/generated/numpy.ones.html#numpy.ones" title="View documentation for numpy.ones"><span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ones</span></a><span class="p">(</span>
<span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">inside_vertices</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">dtype</span><span class="o">=</span><a href="../../api/path_api.html#matplotlib.path.Path.code_type" title="View documentation for matplotlib.path.Path.code_type"><span class="n">mpath</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Path</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">code_type</span></a><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">*</span> <a href="../../api/path_api.html#matplotlib.path.Path.LINETO" title="View documentation for matplotlib.path.Path.LINETO"><span class="n">mpath</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Path</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">LINETO</span></a>
<span class="n">codes</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="../../api/path_api.html#matplotlib.path.Path.MOVETO" title="View documentation for matplotlib.path.Path.MOVETO"><span class="n">mpath</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Path</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">MOVETO</span></a>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">i</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">inside</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">outside</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">enumerate</span><span class="p">(((</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">))):</span>
<span class="c1"># Concatenate the inside and outside subpaths together, changing their</span>
<span class="c1"># order as needed</span>
<span class="n">vertices</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="https://docs.scipy.org/doc/numpy/reference/generated/numpy.concatenate.html#numpy.concatenate" title="View documentation for numpy.concatenate"><span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">concatenate</span></a><span class="p">((</span><span class="n">outside_vertices</span><span class="p">[::</span><span class="n">outside</span><span class="p">],</span>
<span class="n">inside_vertices</span><span class="p">[::</span><span class="n">inside</span><span class="p">]))</span>
<span class="c1"># Shift the path</span>
<span class="n">vertices</span><span class="p">[:,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">+=</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="mf">2.5</span>
<span class="c1"># The codes will be all "LINETO" commands, except for "MOVETO"s at the</span>
<span class="c1"># beginning of each subpath</span>
<span class="n">all_codes</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="https://docs.scipy.org/doc/numpy/reference/generated/numpy.concatenate.html#numpy.concatenate" title="View documentation for numpy.concatenate"><span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">concatenate</span></a><span class="p">((</span><span class="n">codes</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">codes</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="c1"># Create the Path object</span>
<span class="n">path</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="../../api/path_api.html#matplotlib.path.Path" title="View documentation for matplotlib.path.Path"><span class="n">mpath</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Path</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">vertices</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">all_codes</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="c1"># Add plot it</span>
<span class="n">patch</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.patches.PathPatch.html#matplotlib.patches.PathPatch" title="View documentation for matplotlib.patches.PathPatch"><span class="n">mpatches</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">PathPatch</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">path</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">facecolor</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'#885500'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">edgecolor</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'black'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">add_patch</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">patch</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">annotate</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"Outside </span><span class="si">%s</span><span class="s2">,</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s2">Inside </span><span class="si">%s</span><span class="s2">"</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">wise</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">outside</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">wise</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">inside</span><span class="p">)),</span>
<span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="mf">2.5</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mf">1.5</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">va</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"top"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">ha</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"center"</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_xlim</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_ylim</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_title</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'Mmm, donuts!'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_aspect</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.show.html#matplotlib.pyplot.show" title="View documentation for matplotlib.pyplot.show"><span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">show</span></a><span class="p">()</span>
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