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<div class="section" id="skewt-logp-diagram-using-transforms-and-custom-projections">
<span id="sphx-glr-gallery-api-skewt-py"></span><h1>SkewT-logP diagram: using transforms and custom projections<a class="headerlink" href="#skewt-logp-diagram-using-transforms-and-custom-projections" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
<p>This serves as an intensive exercise of matplotlib’s transforms and custom
projection API. This example produces a so-called SkewT-logP diagram, which is
a common plot in meteorology for displaying vertical profiles of temperature.
As far as matplotlib is concerned, the complexity comes from having X and Y
axes that are not orthogonal. This is handled by including a skew component to
the basic Axes transforms. Additional complexity comes in handling the fact
that the upper and lower X-axes have different data ranges, which necessitates
a bunch of custom classes for ticks,spines, and the axis to handle this.</p>
<img alt="../../_images/sphx_glr_skewt_001.png" class="align-center" src="../../_images/sphx_glr_skewt_001.png" />
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">matplotlib.axes</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <a href="../../api/axes_api.html#matplotlib.axes.Axes" title="View documentation for matplotlib.axes.Axes"><span class="n">Axes</span></a>
<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">matplotlib.transforms</span> <span class="kn">as</span> <span class="nn">transforms</span>
<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">matplotlib.axis</span> <span class="kn">as</span> <span class="nn">maxis</span>
<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">matplotlib.spines</span> <span class="kn">as</span> <span class="nn">mspines</span>
<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">matplotlib.projections</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <a href="../../api/projections_api.html#matplotlib.projections.register_projection" title="View documentation for matplotlib.projections.register_projection"><span class="n">register_projection</span></a>
<span class="c1"># The sole purpose of this class is to look at the upper, lower, or total</span>
<span class="c1"># interval as appropriate and see what parts of the tick to draw, if any.</span>
<span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">SkewXTick</span><span class="p">(</span><a href="../../api/axis_api.html#matplotlib.axis.XTick" title="View documentation for matplotlib.axis.XTick"><span class="n">maxis</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">XTick</span></a><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">update_position</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">loc</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="c1"># This ensures that the new value of the location is set before</span>
<span class="c1"># any other updates take place</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_loc</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">loc</span>
<span class="nb">super</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">SkewXTick</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">update_position</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">loc</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">_has_default_loc</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get_loc</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="ow">is</span> <span class="bp">None</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">_need_lower</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_has_default_loc</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="ow">or</span>
<a href="../../api/transformations.html#matplotlib.transforms.interval_contains" title="View documentation for matplotlib.transforms.interval_contains"><span class="n">transforms</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">interval_contains</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">axes</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">lower_xlim</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get_loc</span><span class="p">()))</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">_need_upper</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_has_default_loc</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="ow">or</span>
<a href="../../api/transformations.html#matplotlib.transforms.interval_contains" title="View documentation for matplotlib.transforms.interval_contains"><span class="n">transforms</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">interval_contains</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">axes</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">upper_xlim</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get_loc</span><span class="p">()))</span>
<span class="nd">@property</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">gridOn</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_gridOn</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_has_default_loc</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="ow">or</span>
<a href="../../api/transformations.html#matplotlib.transforms.interval_contains" title="View documentation for matplotlib.transforms.interval_contains"><span class="n">transforms</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">interval_contains</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get_view_interval</span><span class="p">(),</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get_loc</span><span class="p">())))</span>
<span class="nd">@gridOn.setter</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">gridOn</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">value</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_gridOn</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">value</span>
<span class="nd">@property</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">tick1On</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_tick1On</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_need_lower</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="nd">@tick1On.setter</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">tick1On</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">value</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_tick1On</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">value</span>
<span class="nd">@property</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">label1On</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_label1On</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_need_lower</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="nd">@label1On.setter</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">label1On</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">value</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_label1On</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">value</span>
<span class="nd">@property</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">tick2On</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_tick2On</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_need_upper</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="nd">@tick2On.setter</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">tick2On</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">value</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_tick2On</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">value</span>
<span class="nd">@property</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">label2On</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_label2On</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_need_upper</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="nd">@label2On.setter</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">label2On</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">value</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_label2On</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">value</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">get_view_interval</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">axes</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">xaxis</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get_view_interval</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="c1"># This class exists to provide two separate sets of intervals to the tick,</span>
<span class="c1"># as well as create instances of the custom tick</span>
<span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">SkewXAxis</span><span class="p">(</span><a href="../../api/axis_api.html#matplotlib.axis.XAxis" title="View documentation for matplotlib.axis.XAxis"><span class="n">maxis</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">XAxis</span></a><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">_get_tick</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">major</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">SkewXTick</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">axes</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="bp">None</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">''</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">major</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">major</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">get_view_interval</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">axes</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">upper_xlim</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">axes</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">lower_xlim</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="c1"># This class exists to calculate the separate data range of the</span>
<span class="c1"># upper X-axis and draw the spine there. It also provides this range</span>
<span class="c1"># to the X-axis artist for ticking and gridlines</span>
<span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">SkewSpine</span><span class="p">(</span><a href="../../api/spines_api.html#matplotlib.spines.Spine" title="View documentation for matplotlib.spines.Spine"><span class="n">mspines</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Spine</span></a><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">_adjust_location</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="n">pts</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_path</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">vertices</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">spine_type</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s1">'top'</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">pts</span><span class="p">[:,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">axes</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">upper_xlim</span>
<span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">pts</span><span class="p">[:,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">axes</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">lower_xlim</span>
<span class="c1"># This class handles registration of the skew-xaxes as a projection as well</span>
<span class="c1"># as setting up the appropriate transformations. It also overrides standard</span>
<span class="c1"># spines and axes instances as appropriate.</span>
<span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">SkewXAxes</span><span class="p">(</span><a href="../../api/axes_api.html#matplotlib.axes.Axes" title="View documentation for matplotlib.axes.Axes"><span class="n">Axes</span></a><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="c1"># The projection must specify a name. This will be used be the</span>
<span class="c1"># user to select the projection, i.e. ``subplot(111,</span>
<span class="c1"># projection='skewx')``.</span>
<span class="n">name</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">'skewx'</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">_init_axis</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="c1"># Taken from Axes and modified to use our modified X-axis</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">xaxis</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">SkewXAxis</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">spines</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'top'</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">register_axis</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">xaxis</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">spines</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'bottom'</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">register_axis</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">xaxis</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">yaxis</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="../../api/axis_api.html#matplotlib.axis.YAxis" title="View documentation for matplotlib.axis.YAxis"><span class="n">maxis</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">YAxis</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">spines</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'left'</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">register_axis</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">yaxis</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">spines</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'right'</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">register_axis</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">yaxis</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">_gen_axes_spines</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="n">spines</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="s1">'top'</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">SkewSpine</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">linear_spine</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'top'</span><span class="p">),</span>
<span class="s1">'bottom'</span><span class="p">:</span> <a href="../../api/spines_api.html#matplotlib.spines.Spine.linear_spine" title="View documentation for matplotlib.spines.Spine.linear_spine"><span class="n">mspines</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Spine</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">linear_spine</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'bottom'</span><span class="p">),</span>
<span class="s1">'left'</span><span class="p">:</span> <a href="../../api/spines_api.html#matplotlib.spines.Spine.linear_spine" title="View documentation for matplotlib.spines.Spine.linear_spine"><span class="n">mspines</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Spine</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">linear_spine</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'left'</span><span class="p">),</span>
<span class="s1">'right'</span><span class="p">:</span> <a href="../../api/spines_api.html#matplotlib.spines.Spine.linear_spine" title="View documentation for matplotlib.spines.Spine.linear_spine"><span class="n">mspines</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Spine</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">linear_spine</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'right'</span><span class="p">)}</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">spines</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">_set_lim_and_transforms</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="sd">"""</span>
<span class="sd"> This is called once when the plot is created to set up all the</span>
<span class="sd"> transforms for the data, text and grids.</span>
<span class="sd"> """</span>
<span class="n">rot</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">30</span>
<span class="c1"># Get the standard transform setup from the Axes base class</span>
<a href="../../api/axes_api.html#matplotlib.axes.Axes" title="View documentation for matplotlib.axes.Axes"><span class="n">Axes</span></a><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_set_lim_and_transforms</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="c1"># Need to put the skew in the middle, after the scale and limits,</span>
<span class="c1"># but before the transAxes. This way, the skew is done in Axes</span>
<span class="c1"># coordinates thus performing the transform around the proper origin</span>
<span class="c1"># We keep the pre-transAxes transform around for other users, like the</span>
<span class="c1"># spines for finding bounds</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">transDataToAxes</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">transScale</span> <span class="o">+</span> \
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">transLimits</span> <span class="o">+</span> <a href="../../api/transformations.html#matplotlib.transforms.Affine2D" title="View documentation for matplotlib.transforms.Affine2D"><span class="n">transforms</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Affine2D</span></a><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">skew_deg</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">rot</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="c1"># Create the full transform from Data to Pixels</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">transData</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">transDataToAxes</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">transAxes</span>
<span class="c1"># Blended transforms like this need to have the skewing applied using</span>
<span class="c1"># both axes, in axes coords like before.</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_xaxis_transform</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">(</span><a href="../../api/transformations.html#matplotlib.transforms.blended_transform_factory" title="View documentation for matplotlib.transforms.blended_transform_factory"><span class="n">transforms</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">blended_transform_factory</span></a><span class="p">(</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">transScale</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">transLimits</span><span class="p">,</span>
<a href="../../api/transformations.html#matplotlib.transforms.IdentityTransform" title="View documentation for matplotlib.transforms.IdentityTransform"><span class="n">transforms</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">IdentityTransform</span></a><span class="p">())</span> <span class="o">+</span>
<a href="../../api/transformations.html#matplotlib.transforms.Affine2D" title="View documentation for matplotlib.transforms.Affine2D"><span class="n">transforms</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Affine2D</span></a><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">skew_deg</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">rot</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">))</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">transAxes</span>
<span class="nd">@property</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">lower_xlim</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">axes</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">viewLim</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">intervalx</span>
<span class="nd">@property</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">upper_xlim</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="n">pts</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[[</span><span class="mf">0.</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">1.</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="mf">1.</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">1.</span><span class="p">]]</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">transDataToAxes</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">inverted</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">transform</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">pts</span><span class="p">)[:,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="c1"># Now register the projection with matplotlib so the user can select</span>
<span class="c1"># it.</span>
<a href="../../api/projections_api.html#matplotlib.projections.register_projection" title="View documentation for matplotlib.projections.register_projection"><span class="n">register_projection</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">SkewXAxes</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="vm">__name__</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s1">'__main__'</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="c1"># Now make a simple example using the custom projection.</span>
<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">matplotlib.ticker</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="p">(</span><a href="../../api/ticker_api.html#matplotlib.ticker.MultipleLocator" title="View documentation for matplotlib.ticker.MultipleLocator"><span class="n">MultipleLocator</span></a><span class="p">,</span> <a href="../../api/ticker_api.html#matplotlib.ticker.NullFormatter" title="View documentation for matplotlib.ticker.NullFormatter"><span class="n">NullFormatter</span></a><span class="p">,</span>
<a href="../../api/ticker_api.html#matplotlib.ticker.ScalarFormatter" title="View documentation for matplotlib.ticker.ScalarFormatter"><span class="n">ScalarFormatter</span></a><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">matplotlib.pyplot</span> <span class="kn">as</span> <span class="nn">plt</span>
<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">six</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">StringIO</span>
<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">numpy</span> <span class="kn">as</span> <span class="nn">np</span>
<span class="c1"># Some examples data</span>
<span class="n">data_txt</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">'''</span>
<span class="s1"> 978.0 345 7.8 0.8 61 4.16 325 14 282.7 294.6 283.4</span>
<span class="s1"> 971.0 404 7.2 0.2 61 4.01 327 17 282.7 294.2 283.4</span>
<span class="s1"> 946.7 610 5.2 -1.8 61 3.56 335 26 282.8 293.0 283.4</span>
<span class="s1"> 944.0 634 5.0 -2.0 61 3.51 336 27 282.8 292.9 283.4</span>
<span class="s1"> 925.0 798 3.4 -2.6 65 3.43 340 32 282.8 292.7 283.4</span>
<span class="s1"> 911.8 914 2.4 -2.7 69 3.46 345 37 282.9 292.9 283.5</span>
<span class="s1"> 906.0 966 2.0 -2.7 71 3.47 348 39 283.0 293.0 283.6</span>
<span class="s1"> 877.9 1219 0.4 -3.2 77 3.46 0 48 283.9 293.9 284.5</span>
<span class="s1"> 850.0 1478 -1.3 -3.7 84 3.44 0 47 284.8 294.8 285.4</span>
<span class="s1"> 841.0 1563 -1.9 -3.8 87 3.45 358 45 285.0 295.0 285.6</span>
<span class="s1"> 823.0 1736 1.4 -0.7 86 4.44 353 42 290.3 303.3 291.0</span>
<span class="s1"> 813.6 1829 4.5 1.2 80 5.17 350 40 294.5 309.8 295.4</span>
<span class="s1"> 809.0 1875 6.0 2.2 77 5.57 347 39 296.6 313.2 297.6</span>
<span class="s1"> 798.0 1988 7.4 -0.6 57 4.61 340 35 299.2 313.3 300.1</span>
<span class="s1"> 791.0 2061 7.6 -1.4 53 4.39 335 33 300.2 313.6 301.0</span>
<span class="s1"> 783.9 2134 7.0 -1.7 54 4.32 330 31 300.4 313.6 301.2</span>
<span class="s1"> 755.1 2438 4.8 -3.1 57 4.06 300 24 301.2 313.7 301.9</span>
<span class="s1"> 727.3 2743 2.5 -4.4 60 3.81 285 29 301.9 313.8 302.6</span>
<span class="s1"> 700.5 3048 0.2 -5.8 64 3.57 275 31 302.7 313.8 303.3</span>
<span class="s1"> 700.0 3054 0.2 -5.8 64 3.56 280 31 302.7 313.8 303.3</span>
<span class="s1"> 698.0 3077 0.0 -6.0 64 3.52 280 31 302.7 313.7 303.4</span>
<span class="s1"> 687.0 3204 -0.1 -7.1 59 3.28 281 31 304.0 314.3 304.6</span>
<span class="s1"> 648.9 3658 -3.2 -10.9 55 2.59 285 30 305.5 313.8 305.9</span>
<span class="s1"> 631.0 3881 -4.7 -12.7 54 2.29 289 33 306.2 313.6 306.6</span>
<span class="s1"> 600.7 4267 -6.4 -16.7 44 1.73 295 39 308.6 314.3 308.9</span>
<span class="s1"> 592.0 4381 -6.9 -17.9 41 1.59 297 41 309.3 314.6 309.6</span>
<span class="s1"> 577.6 4572 -8.1 -19.6 39 1.41 300 44 310.1 314.9 310.3</span>
<span class="s1"> 555.3 4877 -10.0 -22.3 36 1.16 295 39 311.3 315.3 311.5</span>
<span class="s1"> 536.0 5151 -11.7 -24.7 33 0.97 304 39 312.4 315.8 312.6</span>
<span class="s1"> 533.8 5182 -11.9 -25.0 33 0.95 305 39 312.5 315.8 312.7</span>
<span class="s1"> 500.0 5680 -15.9 -29.9 29 0.64 290 44 313.6 315.9 313.7</span>
<span class="s1"> 472.3 6096 -19.7 -33.4 28 0.49 285 46 314.1 315.8 314.1</span>
<span class="s1"> 453.0 6401 -22.4 -36.0 28 0.39 300 50 314.4 315.8 314.4</span>
<span class="s1"> 400.0 7310 -30.7 -43.7 27 0.20 285 44 315.0 315.8 315.0</span>
<span class="s1"> 399.7 7315 -30.8 -43.8 27 0.20 285 44 315.0 315.8 315.0</span>
<span class="s1"> 387.0 7543 -33.1 -46.1 26 0.16 281 47 314.9 315.5 314.9</span>
<span class="s1"> 382.7 7620 -33.8 -46.8 26 0.15 280 48 315.0 315.6 315.0</span>
<span class="s1"> 342.0 8398 -40.5 -53.5 23 0.08 293 52 316.1 316.4 316.1</span>
<span class="s1"> 320.4 8839 -43.7 -56.7 22 0.06 300 54 317.6 317.8 317.6</span>
<span class="s1"> 318.0 8890 -44.1 -57.1 22 0.05 301 55 317.8 318.0 317.8</span>
<span class="s1"> 310.0 9060 -44.7 -58.7 19 0.04 304 61 319.2 319.4 319.2</span>
<span class="s1"> 306.1 9144 -43.9 -57.9 20 0.05 305 63 321.5 321.7 321.5</span>
<span class="s1"> 305.0 9169 -43.7 -57.7 20 0.05 303 63 322.1 322.4 322.1</span>
<span class="s1"> 300.0 9280 -43.5 -57.5 20 0.05 295 64 323.9 324.2 323.9</span>
<span class="s1"> 292.0 9462 -43.7 -58.7 17 0.05 293 67 326.2 326.4 326.2</span>
<span class="s1"> 276.0 9838 -47.1 -62.1 16 0.03 290 74 326.6 326.7 326.6</span>
<span class="s1"> 264.0 10132 -47.5 -62.5 16 0.03 288 79 330.1 330.3 330.1</span>
<span class="s1"> 251.0 10464 -49.7 -64.7 16 0.03 285 85 331.7 331.8 331.7</span>
<span class="s1"> 250.0 10490 -49.7 -64.7 16 0.03 285 85 332.1 332.2 332.1</span>
<span class="s1"> 247.0 10569 -48.7 -63.7 16 0.03 283 88 334.7 334.8 334.7</span>
<span class="s1"> 244.0 10649 -48.9 -63.9 16 0.03 280 91 335.6 335.7 335.6</span>
<span class="s1"> 243.3 10668 -48.9 -63.9 16 0.03 280 91 335.8 335.9 335.8</span>
<span class="s1"> 220.0 11327 -50.3 -65.3 15 0.03 280 85 343.5 343.6 343.5</span>
<span class="s1"> 212.0 11569 -50.5 -65.5 15 0.03 280 83 346.8 346.9 346.8</span>
<span class="s1"> 210.0 11631 -49.7 -64.7 16 0.03 280 83 349.0 349.1 349.0</span>
<span class="s1"> 200.0 11950 -49.9 -64.9 15 0.03 280 80 353.6 353.7 353.6</span>
<span class="s1"> 194.0 12149 -49.9 -64.9 15 0.03 279 78 356.7 356.8 356.7</span>
<span class="s1"> 183.0 12529 -51.3 -66.3 15 0.03 278 75 360.4 360.5 360.4</span>
<span class="s1"> 164.0 13233 -55.3 -68.3 18 0.02 277 69 365.2 365.3 365.2</span>
<span class="s1"> 152.0 13716 -56.5 -69.5 18 0.02 275 65 371.1 371.2 371.1</span>
<span class="s1"> 150.0 13800 -57.1 -70.1 18 0.02 275 64 371.5 371.6 371.5</span>
<span class="s1"> 136.0 14414 -60.5 -72.5 19 0.02 268 54 376.0 376.1 376.0</span>
<span class="s1"> 132.0 14600 -60.1 -72.1 19 0.02 265 51 380.0 380.1 380.0</span>
<span class="s1"> 131.4 14630 -60.2 -72.2 19 0.02 265 51 380.3 380.4 380.3</span>
<span class="s1"> 128.0 14792 -60.9 -72.9 19 0.02 266 50 381.9 382.0 381.9</span>
<span class="s1"> 125.0 14939 -60.1 -72.1 19 0.02 268 49 385.9 386.0 385.9</span>
<span class="s1"> 119.0 15240 -62.2 -73.8 20 0.01 270 48 387.4 387.5 387.4</span>
<span class="s1"> 112.0 15616 -64.9 -75.9 21 0.01 265 53 389.3 389.3 389.3</span>
<span class="s1"> 108.0 15838 -64.1 -75.1 21 0.01 265 58 394.8 394.9 394.8</span>
<span class="s1"> 107.8 15850 -64.1 -75.1 21 0.01 265 58 395.0 395.1 395.0</span>
<span class="s1"> 105.0 16010 -64.7 -75.7 21 0.01 272 50 396.9 396.9 396.9</span>
<span class="s1"> 103.0 16128 -62.9 -73.9 21 0.02 277 45 402.5 402.6 402.5</span>
<span class="s1"> 100.0 16310 -62.5 -73.5 21 0.02 285 36 406.7 406.8 406.7</span>
<span class="s1"> '''</span>
<span class="c1"># Parse the data</span>
<span class="n">sound_data</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">StringIO</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">data_txt</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">p</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">h</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">T</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Td</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="https://docs.scipy.org/doc/numpy/reference/generated/numpy.loadtxt.html#numpy.loadtxt" title="View documentation for numpy.loadtxt"><span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">loadtxt</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">sound_data</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">usecols</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="nb">range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">unpack</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="bp">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="c1"># Create a new figure. The dimensions here give a good aspect ratio</span>
<span class="n">fig</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.figure.html#matplotlib.pyplot.figure" title="View documentation for matplotlib.pyplot.figure"><span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">figure</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">figsize</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">6.5875</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">6.2125</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="n">ax</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">fig</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">add_subplot</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">111</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">projection</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'skewx'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.grid.html#matplotlib.pyplot.grid" title="View documentation for matplotlib.pyplot.grid"><span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">grid</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="c1"># Plot the data using normal plotting functions, in this case using</span>
<span class="c1"># log scaling in Y, as dictated by the typical meteorological plot</span>
<span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">semilogy</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">T</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">p</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">color</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'C3'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">semilogy</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Td</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">p</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">color</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'C2'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="c1"># An example of a slanted line at constant X</span>
<span class="n">l</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">axvline</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">color</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'C0'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="c1"># Disables the log-formatting that comes with semilogy</span>
<span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">yaxis</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_major_formatter</span><span class="p">(</span><a href="../../api/ticker_api.html#matplotlib.ticker.ScalarFormatter" title="View documentation for matplotlib.ticker.ScalarFormatter"><span class="n">ScalarFormatter</span></a><span class="p">())</span>
<span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">yaxis</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_minor_formatter</span><span class="p">(</span><a href="../../api/ticker_api.html#matplotlib.ticker.NullFormatter" title="View documentation for matplotlib.ticker.NullFormatter"><span class="n">NullFormatter</span></a><span class="p">())</span>
<span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_yticks</span><span class="p">(</span><a href="https://docs.scipy.org/doc/numpy/reference/generated/numpy.linspace.html#numpy.linspace" title="View documentation for numpy.linspace"><span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">linspace</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1000</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_ylim</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1050</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">xaxis</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_major_locator</span><span class="p">(</span><a href="../../api/ticker_api.html#matplotlib.ticker.MultipleLocator" title="View documentation for matplotlib.ticker.MultipleLocator"><span class="n">MultipleLocator</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_xlim</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">50</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">50</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.show.html#matplotlib.pyplot.show" title="View documentation for matplotlib.pyplot.show"><span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">show</span></a><span class="p">()</span>
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