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<div class="section" id="building-histograms-using-rectangles-and-polycollections">
<span id="sphx-glr-gallery-api-histogram-path-py"></span><h1>Building histograms using Rectangles and PolyCollections<a class="headerlink" href="#building-histograms-using-rectangles-and-polycollections" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
<p>This example shows how to use a path patch to draw a bunch of
rectangles. The technique of using lots of Rectangle instances, or
the faster method of using PolyCollections, were implemented before we
had proper paths with moveto/lineto, closepoly etc in mpl. Now that
we have them, we can draw collections of regularly shaped objects with
homogeneous properties more efficiently with a PathCollection. This
example makes a histogram – its more work to set up the vertex arrays
at the outset, but it should be much faster for large numbers of
objects</p>
<img alt="../../_images/sphx_glr_histogram_path_001.png" class="align-center" src="../../_images/sphx_glr_histogram_path_001.png" />
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">numpy</span> <span class="kn">as</span> <span class="nn">np</span>
<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">matplotlib.pyplot</span> <span class="kn">as</span> <span class="nn">plt</span>
<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">matplotlib.patches</span> <span class="kn">as</span> <span class="nn">patches</span>
<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">matplotlib.path</span> <span class="kn">as</span> <span class="nn">path</span>
<span class="n">fig</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">ax</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.subplots.html#matplotlib.pyplot.subplots" title="View documentation for matplotlib.pyplot.subplots"><span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">subplots</span></a><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="c1"># Fixing random state for reproducibility</span>
<a href="https://docs.scipy.org/doc/numpy/reference/generated/numpy.random.seed.html#numpy.random.seed" title="View documentation for numpy.random.seed"><span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">random</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">seed</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">19680801</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="c1"># histogram our data with numpy</span>
<span class="n">data</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="https://docs.scipy.org/doc/numpy/reference/generated/numpy.random.randn.html#numpy.random.randn" title="View documentation for numpy.random.randn"><span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">random</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">randn</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1000</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">n</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">bins</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="https://docs.scipy.org/doc/numpy/reference/generated/numpy.histogram.html#numpy.histogram" title="View documentation for numpy.histogram"><span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">histogram</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">data</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">50</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="c1"># get the corners of the rectangles for the histogram</span>
<span class="n">left</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="https://docs.scipy.org/doc/numpy/reference/generated/numpy.array.html#numpy.array" title="View documentation for numpy.array"><span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">array</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">bins</span><span class="p">[:</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">])</span>
<span class="n">right</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="https://docs.scipy.org/doc/numpy/reference/generated/numpy.array.html#numpy.array" title="View documentation for numpy.array"><span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">array</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">bins</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">:])</span>
<span class="n">bottom</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="https://docs.scipy.org/doc/numpy/reference/generated/numpy.zeros.html#numpy.zeros" title="View documentation for numpy.zeros"><span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">zeros</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">left</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="n">top</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">bottom</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">n</span>
<span class="c1"># we need a (numrects x numsides x 2) numpy array for the path helper</span>
<span class="c1"># function to build a compound path</span>
<span class="n">XY</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="https://docs.scipy.org/doc/numpy/reference/generated/numpy.array.html#numpy.array" title="View documentation for numpy.array"><span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">array</span></a><span class="p">([[</span><span class="n">left</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">left</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">right</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">right</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">bottom</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">top</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">top</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">bottom</span><span class="p">]])</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">T</span>
<span class="c1"># get the Path object</span>
<span class="n">barpath</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="../../api/path_api.html#matplotlib.path.Path.make_compound_path_from_polys" title="View documentation for matplotlib.path.Path.make_compound_path_from_polys"><span class="n">path</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Path</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">make_compound_path_from_polys</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">XY</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="c1"># make a patch out of it</span>
<span class="n">patch</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.patches.PathPatch.html#matplotlib.patches.PathPatch" title="View documentation for matplotlib.patches.PathPatch"><span class="n">patches</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">PathPatch</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">barpath</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">add_patch</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">patch</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="c1"># update the view limits</span>
<span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_xlim</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">left</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">right</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">])</span>
<span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_ylim</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">bottom</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">min</span><span class="p">(),</span> <span class="n">top</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">max</span><span class="p">())</span>
<a href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.show.html#matplotlib.pyplot.show" title="View documentation for matplotlib.pyplot.show"><span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">show</span></a><span class="p">()</span>
</pre></div>
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