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<div class="section" id="date-tick-labels">
<span id="sphx-glr-gallery-api-date-py"></span><h1>Date tick labels<a class="headerlink" href="#date-tick-labels" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
<p>Show how to make date plots in matplotlib using date tick locators and
formatters. See major_minor_demo1.py for more information on
controlling major and minor ticks</p>
<p>All matplotlib date plotting is done by converting date instances into
days since the 0001-01-01 UTC. The conversion, tick locating and
formatting is done behind the scenes so this is most transparent to
you. The dates module provides several converter functions date2num
and num2date</p>
<img alt="../../_images/sphx_glr_date_001.png" class="align-center" src="../../_images/sphx_glr_date_001.png" />
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">datetime</span>
<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">numpy</span> <span class="kn">as</span> <span class="nn">np</span>
<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">matplotlib.pyplot</span> <span class="kn">as</span> <span class="nn">plt</span>
<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">matplotlib.dates</span> <span class="kn">as</span> <span class="nn">mdates</span>
<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">matplotlib.cbook</span> <span class="kn">as</span> <span class="nn">cbook</span>
<span class="n">years</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="../../api/dates_api.html#matplotlib.dates.YearLocator" title="View documentation for matplotlib.dates.YearLocator"><span class="n">mdates</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">YearLocator</span></a><span class="p">()</span> <span class="c1"># every year</span>
<span class="n">months</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="../../api/dates_api.html#matplotlib.dates.MonthLocator" title="View documentation for matplotlib.dates.MonthLocator"><span class="n">mdates</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">MonthLocator</span></a><span class="p">()</span> <span class="c1"># every month</span>
<span class="n">yearsFmt</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="../../api/dates_api.html#matplotlib.dates.DateFormatter" title="View documentation for matplotlib.dates.DateFormatter"><span class="n">mdates</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">DateFormatter</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'%Y'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="c1"># Load a numpy record array from yahoo csv data with fields date, open, close,</span>
<span class="c1"># volume, adj_close from the mpl-data/example directory. The record array</span>
<span class="c1"># stores the date as an np.datetime64 with a day unit ('D') in the date column.</span>
<span class="k">with</span> <a href="../../api/cbook_api.html#matplotlib.cbook.get_sample_data" title="View documentation for matplotlib.cbook.get_sample_data"><span class="n">cbook</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get_sample_data</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'goog.npz'</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="n">datafile</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">r</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="https://docs.scipy.org/doc/numpy/reference/generated/numpy.load.html#numpy.load" title="View documentation for numpy.load"><span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">load</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">datafile</span><span class="p">)[</span><span class="s1">'price_data'</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">view</span><span class="p">(</span><a href="https://docs.scipy.org/doc/numpy/reference/generated/numpy.recarray.html#numpy.recarray" title="View documentation for numpy.recarray"><span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">recarray</span></a><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="c1"># Matplotlib works better with datetime.datetime than np.datetime64, but the</span>
<span class="c1"># latter is more portable.</span>
<span class="n">date</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">r</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">date</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">astype</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'O'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">fig</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">ax</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.subplots.html#matplotlib.pyplot.subplots" title="View documentation for matplotlib.pyplot.subplots"><span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">subplots</span></a><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">plot</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">date</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">r</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">adj_close</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="c1"># format the ticks</span>
<span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">xaxis</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_major_locator</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">years</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">xaxis</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_major_formatter</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">yearsFmt</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">xaxis</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_minor_locator</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">months</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">datemin</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">datetime</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">date</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">date</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">min</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">year</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">datemax</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">datetime</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">date</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">date</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">max</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">year</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_xlim</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">datemin</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">datemax</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="c1"># format the coords message box</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">price</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="s1">'$</span><span class="si">%1.2f</span><span class="s1">'</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="n">x</span>
<span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">format_xdata</span> <span class="o">=</span> <a href="../../api/dates_api.html#matplotlib.dates.DateFormatter" title="View documentation for matplotlib.dates.DateFormatter"><span class="n">mdates</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">DateFormatter</span></a><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'%Y-%m-</span><span class="si">%d</span><span class="s1">'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">format_ydata</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">price</span>
<span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">grid</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="c1"># rotates and right aligns the x labels, and moves the bottom of the</span>
<span class="c1"># axes up to make room for them</span>
<span class="n">fig</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">autofmt_xdate</span><span class="p">()</span>
<a href="../../api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.show.html#matplotlib.pyplot.show" title="View documentation for matplotlib.pyplot.show"><span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">show</span></a><span class="p">()</span>
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