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/**
* @brief Register NumKong scalars as NumPy custom dtypes via runtime capsule API.
* @file python/numpy_interop.c
* @author Ash Vardanian
* @date March 14, 2026
*
* Registers custom NumPy dtypes for bfloat16, float16, float8_e4m3, float8_e5m2,
* float6_e2m3, and float6_e3m2 without including any numpy headers. Instead, we
* define minimal ABI-compatible struct layouts and extract the C API function pointers
* at runtime from NumPy's capsule.
*
* NumPy 2.x uses two different descriptor layouts:
* - PyArray_DescrProto (1.x-compatible layout) — input to RegisterDataType.
* - PyArray_Descr (2.x layout) — returned by DescrFromType, input to RegisterCastFunc.
* We define both to avoid struct layout mismatches that caused crashes on NumPy 2.4.
*/
#include "numpy_interop.h"
#include "types.h"
#include <string.h>
#include <stdint.h>
typedef Py_intptr_t npy_intp;
typedef Py_hash_t npy_hash_t;
/** NumPy type-number constants. */
enum {
NK_NPY_BOOL = 0,
NK_NPY_BYTE = 1,
NK_NPY_UBYTE = 2,
NK_NPY_SHORT = 3,
NK_NPY_USHORT = 4,
NK_NPY_INT = 5,
NK_NPY_UINT = 6,
NK_NPY_LONG = 7,
NK_NPY_ULONG = 8,
NK_NPY_LONGLONG = 9,
NK_NPY_ULONGLONG = 10,
NK_NPY_FLOAT = 11,
NK_NPY_DOUBLE = 12,
NK_NPY_LONGDOUBLE = 13,
NK_NPY_CFLOAT = 14,
NK_NPY_CDOUBLE = 15,
NK_NPY_CLONGDOUBLE = 16,
NK_NPY_OBJECT = 17,
NK_NPY_STRING = 18,
NK_NPY_UNICODE = 19,
NK_NPY_VOID = 20,
NK_NPY_NTYPES_ABI_COMPATIBLE = 21,
NK_NPY_USERDEF = 256,
NK_NPY_NOTYPE = -1,
NK_NPY_SAFE_CASTING = 2,
NK_NPY_NSORTS = 3,
};
/**
* @brief ABI-compatible layout for PyArray_ArrFuncs.
*
* CRITICAL: The struct starts with `cast[21]` (NPY_NTYPES_ABI_COMPATIBLE = 21)
* function pointers. Omitting this shifts every subsequent field by 168 bytes
* on 64-bit, causing memory corruption.
*/
typedef struct {
void (*cast[NK_NPY_NTYPES_ABI_COMPATIBLE])(void *, void *, npy_intp, void *, void *);
PyObject *(*getitem)(void *, void *);
int (*setitem)(PyObject *, void *, void *);
void (*copyswapn)(void *, npy_intp, void *, npy_intp, npy_intp, int, void *);
void (*copyswap)(void *, void *, int, void *);
int (*compare)(void const *, void const *, void *);
int (*argmax)(void *, npy_intp, npy_intp *, void *);
void (*dotfunc)(void *, npy_intp, void *, npy_intp, void *, npy_intp, void *);
int (*scanfunc)(FILE *, void *, void *, void *);
int (*fromstr)(char *, void *, char **, void *);
int (*nonzero)(void *, void *);
int (*fill)(void *, npy_intp, void *);
int (*fillwithscalar)(void *, npy_intp, void *, void *);
int (*sort[NK_NPY_NSORTS])(void *, npy_intp, void *);
int (*argsort[NK_NPY_NSORTS])(void *, npy_intp *, npy_intp, void *);
PyObject *castdict;
void *scalarkind;
int **cancastscalarkindto;
int *cancastto;
void *_unused1;
void *_unused2;
void *_unused3;
int (*argmin)(void *, npy_intp, npy_intp *, void *);
} nk_PyArray_ArrFuncs;
/**
* @brief PyArray_DescrProto layout (1.x-compatible) — input to RegisterDataType.
*
* Uses `int elsize`, `int alignment`, includes `subarray`, `fields`, `names`,
* `f` (ArrFuncs pointer), `metadata`, `c_metadata`, `hash`.
*/
typedef struct {
PyObject_HEAD PyTypeObject *typeobj;
char kind;
char type;
char byteorder;
char flags;
int type_num;
int elsize;
int alignment;
void *subarray;
PyObject *fields;
PyObject *names;
nk_PyArray_ArrFuncs *f;
PyObject *metadata;
void *c_metadata;
npy_hash_t hash;
} nk_PyArray_DescrProto;
/**
* @brief PyArray_Descr layout (2.x) — returned by DescrFromType, input to RegisterCastFunc.
*
* Uses `npy_intp elsize`, `npy_intp alignment`, no `f` pointer. Much smaller.
* We only read `type_num` from this; remaining fields are opaque.
*/
typedef struct {
PyObject_HEAD PyTypeObject *typeobj;
char kind;
char type;
char byteorder;
char _former_flags;
int type_num;
} nk_PyArray_Descr;
typedef nk_PyArray_Descr *(*nk_DescrFromType_t)(int typenum);
typedef int (*nk_RegisterDataType_t)(nk_PyArray_DescrProto *descr);
typedef int (*nk_RegisterCastFunc_t)(nk_PyArray_Descr *descr, int totype,
void (*castfunc)(void *, void *, npy_intp, void *, void *));
typedef int (*nk_RegisterCanCast_t)(nk_PyArray_Descr *descr, int totype, int scalar);
enum {
NK_NPY_API_DescrFromType = 45,
NK_NPY_API_RegisterDataType = 192,
NK_NPY_API_RegisterCastFunc = 193,
NK_NPY_API_RegisterCanCast = 194,
};
static void **nk_numpy_api = NULL;
static int nk_load_numpy_api(void) {
if (nk_numpy_api) return 0;
PyObject *mod = PyImport_ImportModule("numpy._core._multiarray_umath");
if (!mod) {
PyErr_Clear();
return -1;
}
PyObject *capsule = PyObject_GetAttrString(mod, "_ARRAY_API");
Py_DECREF(mod);
if (!capsule) {
PyErr_Clear();
return -1;
}
nk_numpy_api = (void **)PyCapsule_GetPointer(capsule, NULL);
Py_DECREF(capsule);
if (!nk_numpy_api) {
PyErr_Clear();
return -1;
}
return 0;
}
static inline nk_PyArray_Descr *nk_descr_from_type(int typenum) {
return ((nk_DescrFromType_t)nk_numpy_api[NK_NPY_API_DescrFromType])(typenum);
}
static inline int nk_register_data_type(nk_PyArray_DescrProto *descr) {
return ((nk_RegisterDataType_t)nk_numpy_api[NK_NPY_API_RegisterDataType])(descr);
}
static inline int nk_register_cast_func(nk_PyArray_Descr *descr, int totype,
void (*castfunc)(void *, void *, npy_intp, void *, void *)) {
return ((nk_RegisterCastFunc_t)nk_numpy_api[NK_NPY_API_RegisterCastFunc])(descr, totype, castfunc);
}
static inline int nk_register_can_cast(nk_PyArray_Descr *descr, int totype, int scalar) {
return ((nk_RegisterCanCast_t)nk_numpy_api[NK_NPY_API_RegisterCanCast])(descr, totype, scalar);
}
/** @brief Dtype conversion ops — one per custom dtype. */
typedef struct {
size_t elem_size;
void (*to_f32)(void const *src, nk_f32_t *dst);
void (*from_f32)(nk_f32_t const *src, void *dst);
} nk_np_dtype_ops_t;
typedef void (*nk_to_f32_fn_t)(void const *, nk_f32_t *);
typedef void (*nk_from_f32_fn_t)(nk_f32_t const *, void *);
static nk_np_dtype_ops_t const nk_ops_bf16 = {sizeof(nk_bf16_t), (nk_to_f32_fn_t)nk_bf16_to_f32,
(nk_from_f32_fn_t)nk_f32_to_bf16};
static nk_np_dtype_ops_t const nk_ops_f16 = {sizeof(nk_f16_t), (nk_to_f32_fn_t)nk_f16_to_f32,
(nk_from_f32_fn_t)nk_f32_to_f16};
static nk_np_dtype_ops_t const nk_ops_e4m3 = {sizeof(nk_e4m3_t), (nk_to_f32_fn_t)nk_e4m3_to_f32,
(nk_from_f32_fn_t)nk_f32_to_e4m3};
static nk_np_dtype_ops_t const nk_ops_e5m2 = {sizeof(nk_e5m2_t), (nk_to_f32_fn_t)nk_e5m2_to_f32,
(nk_from_f32_fn_t)nk_f32_to_e5m2};
static nk_np_dtype_ops_t const nk_ops_e2m3 = {sizeof(nk_e2m3_t), (nk_to_f32_fn_t)nk_e2m3_to_f32,
(nk_from_f32_fn_t)nk_f32_to_e2m3};
static nk_np_dtype_ops_t const nk_ops_e3m2 = {sizeof(nk_e3m2_t), (nk_to_f32_fn_t)nk_e3m2_to_f32,
(nk_from_f32_fn_t)nk_f32_to_e3m2};
/** @brief Generic ArrFuncs implementations — parameterized by ops. */
static PyObject *nk_np_getitem_generic(void *data, nk_np_dtype_ops_t const *ops) {
nk_f32_t f32;
ops->to_f32(data, &f32);
return PyFloat_FromDouble((double)f32);
}
static int nk_np_setitem_generic(PyObject *obj, void *data, nk_np_dtype_ops_t const *ops) {
double val = PyFloat_AsDouble(obj);
if (val == -1.0 && PyErr_Occurred()) return -1;
nk_f32_t f32 = (nk_f32_t)val;
ops->from_f32(&f32, data);
return 0;
}
static void nk_np_copyswap_generic(void *dst, void *src, size_t elem_size) {
if (src) memcpy(dst, src, elem_size);
}
static void nk_np_copyswapn_generic(void *dst, npy_intp dstride, void *src, npy_intp sstride, npy_intp n,
size_t elem_size) {
if (!src) return;
if (dstride == (npy_intp)elem_size && sstride == (npy_intp)elem_size) { memcpy(dst, src, (size_t)n * elem_size); }
else {
char *d = (char *)dst, *s = (char *)src;
for (npy_intp i = 0; i < n; i++, d += dstride, s += sstride) memcpy(d, s, elem_size);
}
}
static int nk_np_nonzero_generic(void *data, nk_np_dtype_ops_t const *ops) {
nk_f32_t f32;
ops->to_f32(data, &f32);
return f32 != 0.0f;
}
// Per-dtype trampolines: NumPy's ArrFuncs/cast signatures don't carry user-data,
// so each dtype needs thin wrappers that close over the ops struct.
// 5 ArrFuncs x 6 dtypes = 30, plus 4 cast directions x 6 dtypes = 24 using nk_cast.
// clang-format off
static PyObject *nk_np_getitem_bf16(void *d, void *a) { nk_unused_(a); return nk_np_getitem_generic(d, &nk_ops_bf16); }
static PyObject *nk_np_getitem_f16(void *d, void *a) { nk_unused_(a); return nk_np_getitem_generic(d, &nk_ops_f16); }
static PyObject *nk_np_getitem_e4m3(void *d, void *a) { nk_unused_(a); return nk_np_getitem_generic(d, &nk_ops_e4m3); }
static PyObject *nk_np_getitem_e5m2(void *d, void *a) { nk_unused_(a); return nk_np_getitem_generic(d, &nk_ops_e5m2); }
static PyObject *nk_np_getitem_e2m3(void *d, void *a) { nk_unused_(a); return nk_np_getitem_generic(d, &nk_ops_e2m3); }
static PyObject *nk_np_getitem_e3m2(void *d, void *a) { nk_unused_(a); return nk_np_getitem_generic(d, &nk_ops_e3m2); }
static int nk_np_setitem_bf16(PyObject *o, void *d, void *a) { nk_unused_(a); return nk_np_setitem_generic(o, d, &nk_ops_bf16); }
static int nk_np_setitem_f16(PyObject *o, void *d, void *a) { nk_unused_(a); return nk_np_setitem_generic(o, d, &nk_ops_f16); }
static int nk_np_setitem_e4m3(PyObject *o, void *d, void *a) { nk_unused_(a); return nk_np_setitem_generic(o, d, &nk_ops_e4m3); }
static int nk_np_setitem_e5m2(PyObject *o, void *d, void *a) { nk_unused_(a); return nk_np_setitem_generic(o, d, &nk_ops_e5m2); }
static int nk_np_setitem_e2m3(PyObject *o, void *d, void *a) { nk_unused_(a); return nk_np_setitem_generic(o, d, &nk_ops_e2m3); }
static int nk_np_setitem_e3m2(PyObject *o, void *d, void *a) { nk_unused_(a); return nk_np_setitem_generic(o, d, &nk_ops_e3m2); }
static void nk_np_copyswap_bf16(void *d, void *s, int w, void *a) { nk_unused_(w); nk_unused_(a); nk_np_copyswap_generic(d, s, nk_ops_bf16.elem_size); }
static void nk_np_copyswap_f16(void *d, void *s, int w, void *a) { nk_unused_(w); nk_unused_(a); nk_np_copyswap_generic(d, s, nk_ops_f16.elem_size); }
static void nk_np_copyswap_e4m3(void *d, void *s, int w, void *a) { nk_unused_(w); nk_unused_(a); nk_np_copyswap_generic(d, s, nk_ops_e4m3.elem_size); }
static void nk_np_copyswap_e5m2(void *d, void *s, int w, void *a) { nk_unused_(w); nk_unused_(a); nk_np_copyswap_generic(d, s, nk_ops_e5m2.elem_size); }
static void nk_np_copyswap_e2m3(void *d, void *s, int w, void *a) { nk_unused_(w); nk_unused_(a); nk_np_copyswap_generic(d, s, nk_ops_e2m3.elem_size); }
static void nk_np_copyswap_e3m2(void *d, void *s, int w, void *a) { nk_unused_(w); nk_unused_(a); nk_np_copyswap_generic(d, s, nk_ops_e3m2.elem_size); }
static void nk_np_copyswapn_bf16(void *d, npy_intp ds, void *s, npy_intp ss, npy_intp n, int w, void *a) { nk_unused_(w); nk_unused_(a); nk_np_copyswapn_generic(d, ds, s, ss, n, nk_ops_bf16.elem_size); }
static void nk_np_copyswapn_f16(void *d, npy_intp ds, void *s, npy_intp ss, npy_intp n, int w, void *a) { nk_unused_(w); nk_unused_(a); nk_np_copyswapn_generic(d, ds, s, ss, n, nk_ops_f16.elem_size); }
static void nk_np_copyswapn_e4m3(void *d, npy_intp ds, void *s, npy_intp ss, npy_intp n, int w, void *a) { nk_unused_(w); nk_unused_(a); nk_np_copyswapn_generic(d, ds, s, ss, n, nk_ops_e4m3.elem_size); }
static void nk_np_copyswapn_e5m2(void *d, npy_intp ds, void *s, npy_intp ss, npy_intp n, int w, void *a) { nk_unused_(w); nk_unused_(a); nk_np_copyswapn_generic(d, ds, s, ss, n, nk_ops_e5m2.elem_size); }
static void nk_np_copyswapn_e2m3(void *d, npy_intp ds, void *s, npy_intp ss, npy_intp n, int w, void *a) { nk_unused_(w); nk_unused_(a); nk_np_copyswapn_generic(d, ds, s, ss, n, nk_ops_e2m3.elem_size); }
static void nk_np_copyswapn_e3m2(void *d, npy_intp ds, void *s, npy_intp ss, npy_intp n, int w, void *a) { nk_unused_(w); nk_unused_(a); nk_np_copyswapn_generic(d, ds, s, ss, n, nk_ops_e3m2.elem_size); }
static int nk_np_nonzero_bf16(void *d, void *a) { nk_unused_(a); return nk_np_nonzero_generic(d, &nk_ops_bf16); }
static int nk_np_nonzero_f16(void *d, void *a) { nk_unused_(a); return nk_np_nonzero_generic(d, &nk_ops_f16); }
static int nk_np_nonzero_e4m3(void *d, void *a) { nk_unused_(a); return nk_np_nonzero_generic(d, &nk_ops_e4m3); }
static int nk_np_nonzero_e5m2(void *d, void *a) { nk_unused_(a); return nk_np_nonzero_generic(d, &nk_ops_e5m2); }
static int nk_np_nonzero_e2m3(void *d, void *a) { nk_unused_(a); return nk_np_nonzero_generic(d, &nk_ops_e2m3); }
static int nk_np_nonzero_e3m2(void *d, void *a) { nk_unused_(a); return nk_np_nonzero_generic(d, &nk_ops_e3m2); }
// clang-format on
// clang-format off
static void nk_np_cast_bf16_to_f32(void *f, void *t, npy_intp n, void *fa, void *ta) { nk_unused_(fa); nk_unused_(ta); nk_cast(f, nk_bf16_k, (nk_size_t)n, t, nk_f32_k); }
static void nk_np_cast_f16_to_f32(void *f, void *t, npy_intp n, void *fa, void *ta) { nk_unused_(fa); nk_unused_(ta); nk_cast(f, nk_f16_k, (nk_size_t)n, t, nk_f32_k); }
static void nk_np_cast_e4m3_to_f32(void *f, void *t, npy_intp n, void *fa, void *ta) { nk_unused_(fa); nk_unused_(ta); nk_cast(f, nk_e4m3_k, (nk_size_t)n, t, nk_f32_k); }
static void nk_np_cast_e5m2_to_f32(void *f, void *t, npy_intp n, void *fa, void *ta) { nk_unused_(fa); nk_unused_(ta); nk_cast(f, nk_e5m2_k, (nk_size_t)n, t, nk_f32_k); }
static void nk_np_cast_e2m3_to_f32(void *f, void *t, npy_intp n, void *fa, void *ta) { nk_unused_(fa); nk_unused_(ta); nk_cast(f, nk_e2m3_k, (nk_size_t)n, t, nk_f32_k); }
static void nk_np_cast_e3m2_to_f32(void *f, void *t, npy_intp n, void *fa, void *ta) { nk_unused_(fa); nk_unused_(ta); nk_cast(f, nk_e3m2_k, (nk_size_t)n, t, nk_f32_k); }
static void nk_np_cast_f32_to_bf16(void *f, void *t, npy_intp n, void *fa, void *ta) { nk_unused_(fa); nk_unused_(ta); nk_cast(f, nk_f32_k, (nk_size_t)n, t, nk_bf16_k); }
static void nk_np_cast_f32_to_f16(void *f, void *t, npy_intp n, void *fa, void *ta) { nk_unused_(fa); nk_unused_(ta); nk_cast(f, nk_f32_k, (nk_size_t)n, t, nk_f16_k); }
static void nk_np_cast_f32_to_e4m3(void *f, void *t, npy_intp n, void *fa, void *ta) { nk_unused_(fa); nk_unused_(ta); nk_cast(f, nk_f32_k, (nk_size_t)n, t, nk_e4m3_k); }
static void nk_np_cast_f32_to_e5m2(void *f, void *t, npy_intp n, void *fa, void *ta) { nk_unused_(fa); nk_unused_(ta); nk_cast(f, nk_f32_k, (nk_size_t)n, t, nk_e5m2_k); }
static void nk_np_cast_f32_to_e2m3(void *f, void *t, npy_intp n, void *fa, void *ta) { nk_unused_(fa); nk_unused_(ta); nk_cast(f, nk_f32_k, (nk_size_t)n, t, nk_e2m3_k); }
static void nk_np_cast_f32_to_e3m2(void *f, void *t, npy_intp n, void *fa, void *ta) { nk_unused_(fa); nk_unused_(ta); nk_cast(f, nk_f32_k, (nk_size_t)n, t, nk_e3m2_k); }
static void nk_np_cast_bf16_to_f64(void *f, void *t, npy_intp n, void *fa, void *ta) { nk_unused_(fa); nk_unused_(ta); nk_cast(f, nk_bf16_k, (nk_size_t)n, t, nk_f64_k); }
static void nk_np_cast_f16_to_f64(void *f, void *t, npy_intp n, void *fa, void *ta) { nk_unused_(fa); nk_unused_(ta); nk_cast(f, nk_f16_k, (nk_size_t)n, t, nk_f64_k); }
static void nk_np_cast_e4m3_to_f64(void *f, void *t, npy_intp n, void *fa, void *ta) { nk_unused_(fa); nk_unused_(ta); nk_cast(f, nk_e4m3_k, (nk_size_t)n, t, nk_f64_k); }
static void nk_np_cast_e5m2_to_f64(void *f, void *t, npy_intp n, void *fa, void *ta) { nk_unused_(fa); nk_unused_(ta); nk_cast(f, nk_e5m2_k, (nk_size_t)n, t, nk_f64_k); }
static void nk_np_cast_e2m3_to_f64(void *f, void *t, npy_intp n, void *fa, void *ta) { nk_unused_(fa); nk_unused_(ta); nk_cast(f, nk_e2m3_k, (nk_size_t)n, t, nk_f64_k); }
static void nk_np_cast_e3m2_to_f64(void *f, void *t, npy_intp n, void *fa, void *ta) { nk_unused_(fa); nk_unused_(ta); nk_cast(f, nk_e3m2_k, (nk_size_t)n, t, nk_f64_k); }
static void nk_np_cast_f64_to_bf16(void *f, void *t, npy_intp n, void *fa, void *ta) { nk_unused_(fa); nk_unused_(ta); nk_cast(f, nk_f64_k, (nk_size_t)n, t, nk_bf16_k); }
static void nk_np_cast_f64_to_f16(void *f, void *t, npy_intp n, void *fa, void *ta) { nk_unused_(fa); nk_unused_(ta); nk_cast(f, nk_f64_k, (nk_size_t)n, t, nk_f16_k); }
static void nk_np_cast_f64_to_e4m3(void *f, void *t, npy_intp n, void *fa, void *ta) { nk_unused_(fa); nk_unused_(ta); nk_cast(f, nk_f64_k, (nk_size_t)n, t, nk_e4m3_k); }
static void nk_np_cast_f64_to_e5m2(void *f, void *t, npy_intp n, void *fa, void *ta) { nk_unused_(fa); nk_unused_(ta); nk_cast(f, nk_f64_k, (nk_size_t)n, t, nk_e5m2_k); }
static void nk_np_cast_f64_to_e2m3(void *f, void *t, npy_intp n, void *fa, void *ta) { nk_unused_(fa); nk_unused_(ta); nk_cast(f, nk_f64_k, (nk_size_t)n, t, nk_e2m3_k); }
static void nk_np_cast_f64_to_e3m2(void *f, void *t, npy_intp n, void *fa, void *ta) { nk_unused_(fa); nk_unused_(ta); nk_cast(f, nk_f64_k, (nk_size_t)n, t, nk_e3m2_k); }
// clang-format on
/** @brief Initialize an ArrFuncs struct with the 5 required function pointers. */
static void nk_init_arrfuncs(nk_PyArray_ArrFuncs *af, //
PyObject *(*getitem)(void *, void *), //
int (*setitem)(PyObject *, void *, void *), //
void (*copyswap)(void *, void *, int, void *), //
void (*copyswapn)(void *, npy_intp, void *, npy_intp, //
npy_intp, int, void *), //
int (*nonzero)(void *, void *)) {
memset(af, 0, sizeof(nk_PyArray_ArrFuncs));
af->getitem = getitem;
af->setitem = setitem;
af->copyswap = copyswap;
af->copyswapn = copyswapn;
af->nonzero = nonzero;
}
/**
* @brief Initialize a DescrProto (1.x layout) for a custom dtype.
*
* We borrow the ob_type (metaclass) from an existing NumPy descriptor
* so that NumPy recognizes our descriptor as a valid PyArray_Descr subclass.
*/
static void nk_init_proto(nk_PyArray_DescrProto *proto, nk_PyArray_ArrFuncs *af, PyTypeObject *scalar_type, char kind,
char type_char, int elsize) {
memset(proto, 0, sizeof(nk_PyArray_DescrProto));
nk_PyArray_Descr *f32_descr = nk_descr_from_type(NK_NPY_FLOAT);
if (f32_descr) Py_SET_TYPE((PyObject *)proto, Py_TYPE((PyObject *)f32_descr));
Py_SET_REFCNT((PyObject *)proto, 1);
proto->typeobj = scalar_type;
proto->kind = kind;
proto->type = type_char;
proto->byteorder = '=';
proto->flags = 0;
proto->type_num = 0;
proto->elsize = elsize;
proto->alignment = 1;
proto->f = af;
proto->hash = -1;
}
/** @brief Register cast functions for a custom dtype to/from float32 and float64. */
static int nk_register_casts(nk_PyArray_DescrProto *proto, //
void (*cast_to_f32)(void *, void *, npy_intp, void *, void *), //
void (*cast_from_f32)(void *, void *, npy_intp, void *, void *), //
void (*cast_to_f64)(void *, void *, npy_intp, void *, void *), //
void (*cast_from_f64)(void *, void *, npy_intp, void *, void *)) {
nk_PyArray_Descr *descr2x = nk_descr_from_type(proto->type_num);
if (!descr2x) return -1;
if (nk_register_cast_func(descr2x, NK_NPY_FLOAT, cast_to_f32) < 0) return -1;
if (nk_register_cast_func(descr2x, NK_NPY_DOUBLE, cast_to_f64) < 0) return -1;
nk_PyArray_Descr *f32d = nk_descr_from_type(NK_NPY_FLOAT);
if (f32d && nk_register_cast_func(f32d, proto->type_num, cast_from_f32) < 0) return -1;
nk_PyArray_Descr *f64d = nk_descr_from_type(NK_NPY_DOUBLE);
if (f64d && nk_register_cast_func(f64d, proto->type_num, cast_from_f64) < 0) return -1;
if (nk_register_can_cast(descr2x, NK_NPY_FLOAT, NK_NPY_SAFE_CASTING) < 0) return -1;
if (nk_register_can_cast(descr2x, NK_NPY_DOUBLE, NK_NPY_SAFE_CASTING) < 0) return -1;
return 0;
}
/** @brief Set the `.dtype` attribute on a scalar type to its registered NumPy descriptor. */
static int nk_set_dtype_attr(PyTypeObject *scalar_type, int type_num) {
nk_PyArray_Descr *d = nk_descr_from_type(type_num);
if (!d) return -1;
PyObject *dict = scalar_type->tp_dict;
if (!dict) {
Py_DECREF((PyObject *)d);
return -1;
}
int rc = PyDict_SetItemString(dict, "dtype", (PyObject *)d);
Py_DECREF((PyObject *)d);
PyType_Modified(scalar_type);
return rc;
}
/** @brief Registration descriptor for one custom dtype. */
typedef struct {
PyTypeObject *scalar_type;
char kind, type_char;
int elsize;
PyObject *(*getitem)(void *, void *);
int (*setitem)(PyObject *, void *, void *);
void (*copyswap)(void *, void *, int, void *);
void (*copyswapn)(void *, npy_intp, void *, npy_intp, npy_intp, int, void *);
int (*nonzero)(void *, void *);
void (*cast_to_f32)(void *, void *, npy_intp, void *, void *);
void (*cast_from_f32)(void *, void *, npy_intp, void *, void *);
void (*cast_to_f64)(void *, void *, npy_intp, void *, void *);
void (*cast_from_f64)(void *, void *, npy_intp, void *, void *);
} nk_np_registration_t;
// clang-format off
static nk_np_registration_t const nk_np_registrations[] = {
{&NkBFloat16Scalar_Type, 'V', 'k', 2, nk_np_getitem_bf16, nk_np_setitem_bf16, nk_np_copyswap_bf16, nk_np_copyswapn_bf16, nk_np_nonzero_bf16, nk_np_cast_bf16_to_f32, nk_np_cast_f32_to_bf16, nk_np_cast_bf16_to_f64, nk_np_cast_f64_to_bf16},
{&NkFloat16Scalar_Type, 'V', 'j', 2, nk_np_getitem_f16, nk_np_setitem_f16, nk_np_copyswap_f16, nk_np_copyswapn_f16, nk_np_nonzero_f16, nk_np_cast_f16_to_f32, nk_np_cast_f32_to_f16, nk_np_cast_f16_to_f64, nk_np_cast_f64_to_f16},
{&NkFloat8E4M3Scalar_Type,'V', 'w', 1, nk_np_getitem_e4m3, nk_np_setitem_e4m3, nk_np_copyswap_e4m3, nk_np_copyswapn_e4m3, nk_np_nonzero_e4m3, nk_np_cast_e4m3_to_f32, nk_np_cast_f32_to_e4m3, nk_np_cast_e4m3_to_f64, nk_np_cast_f64_to_e4m3},
{&NkFloat8E5M2Scalar_Type,'V', 'x', 1, nk_np_getitem_e5m2, nk_np_setitem_e5m2, nk_np_copyswap_e5m2, nk_np_copyswapn_e5m2, nk_np_nonzero_e5m2, nk_np_cast_e5m2_to_f32, nk_np_cast_f32_to_e5m2, nk_np_cast_e5m2_to_f64, nk_np_cast_f64_to_e5m2},
{&NkFloat6E2M3Scalar_Type,'V', 'y', 1, nk_np_getitem_e2m3, nk_np_setitem_e2m3, nk_np_copyswap_e2m3, nk_np_copyswapn_e2m3, nk_np_nonzero_e2m3, nk_np_cast_e2m3_to_f32, nk_np_cast_f32_to_e2m3, nk_np_cast_e2m3_to_f64, nk_np_cast_f64_to_e2m3},
{&NkFloat6E3M2Scalar_Type,'V', 'z', 1, nk_np_getitem_e3m2, nk_np_setitem_e3m2, nk_np_copyswap_e3m2, nk_np_copyswapn_e3m2, nk_np_nonzero_e3m2, nk_np_cast_e3m2_to_f32, nk_np_cast_f32_to_e3m2, nk_np_cast_e3m2_to_f64, nk_np_cast_f64_to_e3m2},
};
// clang-format on
enum { nk_np_num_dtypes_k = sizeof(nk_np_registrations) / sizeof(nk_np_registrations[0]) };
static nk_PyArray_ArrFuncs nk_arrfuncs[nk_np_num_dtypes_k];
static nk_PyArray_DescrProto nk_protos[nk_np_num_dtypes_k];
int nk_register_numpy_dtypes(PyObject *module) {
nk_unused_(module);
if (nk_load_numpy_api() < 0) return 0;
for (size_t i = 0; i < nk_np_num_dtypes_k; i++) {
nk_np_registration_t const *reg = &nk_np_registrations[i];
nk_init_arrfuncs(&nk_arrfuncs[i], reg->getitem, reg->setitem, reg->copyswap, reg->copyswapn, reg->nonzero);
nk_init_proto(&nk_protos[i], &nk_arrfuncs[i], reg->scalar_type, reg->kind, reg->type_char, reg->elsize);
if (nk_register_data_type(&nk_protos[i]) < 0) return -1;
if (nk_register_casts(&nk_protos[i], reg->cast_to_f32, reg->cast_from_f32, reg->cast_to_f64,
reg->cast_from_f64) < 0)
return -1;
if (nk_set_dtype_attr(reg->scalar_type, nk_protos[i].type_num) < 0) return -1;
}
return 0;
}
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