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#!/usr/bin/env python
# This script reports disk stat metrics to ganglia.
#
# Notes:
# This script exposes values in /proc/diskstats and calculates
# various statistics based on the Linux kernel 2.6. To find
# more information on these values, look in the Linux kernel
# documentation for "I/O statistics fields".
#
# By default, the script would monitor any entry listed under
# /proc/diskstats that is not containing a number. Override it by passing
# a list of devices in the 'devices' parameter.
#
# This script has the option of explicitly setting which devices
# to check using the "devices" option in your configuration. If
# you set this value, it will invalidate the MIN_DISK_SIZE and
# IGNORE_DEV options described below. This enables you to
# monitor specific partitions instead of the entire device.
# Example value: "sda1 sda2".
# Example value: "sda sdb sdc".
#
# This script also checks for a minimum disk size in order to
# only measure interesting devices by default.
# [Can be overriden if "devices" is set]
#
# This script looks for disks to check in /proc/partitions while
# ignoring any devices present in IGNORE_DEV by default.
# [Can be overriden if "devices" is set]
#
# Changelog:
# v1.0.1 - 2010-07-22
# * Initial version
#
# v1.0.2 - 2010-08-03
# * Modified reads_per_sec to not calculate per second delta.
# This enables us to generate a better graph by stacking
# reads/writes with reads/writes merged.
#
# Copyright Jamie Isaacs. 2010
# License to use, modify, and distribute under the GPL
# http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.txt
import logging
import os
import re
import stat
import time
descriptors = []
logging.basicConfig(level=logging.ERROR, format="%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(levelname)s\t Thread-%(thread)d - %(message)s")
logging.debug('starting up')
last_update = 0
cur_time = 0
stats = {}
last_val = {}
MAX_UPDATE_TIME = 15
BYTES_PER_SECTOR = 512
# 5 GB
MIN_DISK_SIZE = 5242880
# Set to None to trigger disk discovery under /proc/diskstats
# Pass a 'devices' parameter to explicitly list disks to monitor
DEVICES = None
IGNORE_DEV = 'dm-|loop|drbd'
PARTITIONS_FILE = '/proc/partitions'
DISKSTATS_FILE = '/proc/diskstats'
DMDIR = '/dev/mapper'
device_mapper = ''
PARTITIONS = []
dmnames = []
dm2pair = {}
pair2dm = {}
devnames = []
dev2pair = {}
pair2dev = {}
def build_dmblock_major_minor_tables():
"""Returns
1) a table of filenames that are all device mapper block special files
2) a dict mapping each device mapper name to (major,minor)
3) a dict mapping each (major,minor) pair to a table of devce mapper names"""
names = []
name2pair = {}
pair2name = {}
mapper_entries = []
mapper_entries = os.listdir(DMDIR)
for n in mapper_entries:
s = os.lstat(DMDIR + '/' + n)
if stat.S_ISBLK(s[stat.ST_MODE]):
names.append(n)
maj = str(os.major(s.st_rdev))
min = str(os.minor(s.st_rdev))
name2pair[n] = (maj, min)
pair2name[(maj, min)] = n
logging.debug('grabbed dmsetup device info')
logging.debug('dmsetup devices: ' + str(name2pair))
return (names, name2pair, pair2name)
def build_block_major_minor_tables():
"""Returns
1) a table of filenames that are all block special files
2) a dict mapping each dev name to (major,minor)
3) a dict mapping each (major,minor) pair to a table of dev names"""
dnames = []
d2p = {}
p2d = {}
# Get values from diskstats file
with open(DISKSTATS_FILE, 'r') as f:
lines = f.readlines()
logging.debug('grabbed diskstat device info')
logging.debug('diskstat devices: ' + '\n'.join(lines))
for line in lines:
if line:
# read the first three fields from each line
(maj, min, name) = line.split()[:3]
dnames.append(name)
d2p[name] = (maj, min)
p2d[(maj, min)] = name
return (dnames, d2p, p2d)
def get_devname(dev):
"""Returns device mapper name converted to dev name"""
(maj, min) = dm2pair[dev]
name = pair2dev[(maj, min)]
return name
def list_dmnames():
"""Returns string of device names associated with device mapper names"""
global dmnames
global dm2pair
global pair2dm
global devnames
global dev2pair
global pair2dev
devlist = ''
dmnames, dm2pair, pair2dm = build_dmblock_major_minor_tables()
logging.debug('dmnames: ' + str(dmnames))
devnames, dev2pair, pair2dev = build_block_major_minor_tables()
logging.debug('devnames: ' + str(dmnames))
for d in dmnames:
devlist = devlist + ' ' + str(d)
logging.debug('devlist: ' + str(devlist))
return devlist
def get_partitions():
logging.debug('getting partitions')
global PARTITIONS
if DEVICES is not None:
# Explicit device list has been set
logging.debug(' DEVICES has already been set')
out = DEVICES
else:
# Load partitions
devices = []
with open(PARTITIONS_FILE, 'r') as f:
# read /proc/partitions and remove the first two header lines
lines = f.readlines()[2:]
for line in lines:
device_name = line.split()[3]
device_ends_with_number = re.search('\d$', device_name)
if 'md' in device_name or not device_ends_with_number:
# only include md devices and base block devices
devices.append(device_name)
out = ' '.join(devices)
logging.debug(' result: ' + out)
for dev in out.split():
if DEVICES is not None:
# Explicit device list has been set
PARTITIONS.append(dev)
else:
# Load disk block size
with open('/sys/block/' + dev + '/size', 'r') as f:
c = f.read()
# Make sure device is large enough to collect stats
if (int(c) * BYTES_PER_SECTOR / 1024) > MIN_DISK_SIZE:
PARTITIONS.append(dev)
else:
logging.debug(' ignoring ' + dev + ' due to size constraints')
return 0
###########################################################################
# This is the order of metrics in /proc/diskstats
# 0 major Major number
# 1 minor Minor number
# 2 blocks Blocks
# 3 name Name
# 4 reads This is the total number of reads completed successfully.
# 5 merge_read Reads and writes which are adjacent to each other may be merged for
# efficiency. Thus two 4K reads may become one 8K read before it is
# ultimately handed to the disk, and so it will be counted (and queued)
# as only one I/O. This field lets you know how often this was done.
# 6 s_read This is the total number of sectors read successfully.
# 7 ms_read This is the total number of milliseconds spent by all reads.
# 8 writes This is the total number of writes completed successfully.
# 9 merge_write Reads and writes which are adjacent to each other may be merged for
# efficiency. Thus two 4K reads may become one 8K read before it is
# ultimately handed to the disk, and so it will be counted (and queued)
# as only one I/O. This field lets you know how often this was done.
# 10 s_write This is the total number of sectors written successfully.
# 11 ms_write This is the total number of milliseconds spent by all writes.
# 12 ios The only field that should go to zero. Incremented as requests are
# given to appropriate request_queue_t and decremented as they finish.
# 13 ms_io This field is increases so long as field 9 is nonzero.
# 14 ms_weighted This field is incremented at each I/O start, I/O completion, I/O
###########################################################################
def update_stats():
logging.debug('updating stats')
global last_update, stats, last_val, cur_time
global MAX_UPDATE_TIME
cur_time = time.time()
if cur_time - last_update < MAX_UPDATE_TIME:
logging.debug(' wait ' + str(int(MAX_UPDATE_TIME - (cur_time - last_update))) + ' seconds')
return True
# Update diskstats
stats = {}
if not PARTITIONS:
part = get_partitions()
if part:
# Fail if return is non-zero
logging.warning('error getting partitions')
return False
# Get values for each disk device
for dev in PARTITIONS:
logging.debug(" dev: " + dev)
# Setup storage lists
if dev not in stats:
stats[dev] = {}
if dev not in last_val:
last_val[dev] = {}
# Convert from dmname to devname
if device_mapper == 'true':
olddev = dev
dev = get_devname(dev)
# Get values from diskstats file
with open(DISKSTATS_FILE, 'r') as f:
lines = f.readlines()
for line in lines:
if dev in line:
vals = line.split()
logging.debug(' vals: ' + str(vals))
# Reset back to orignal dev name
if device_mapper == 'true':
dev = olddev
get_diff(dev, 'reads', int(vals[3]))
get_diff(dev, 'writes', int(vals[7]))
get_diff(dev, 'reads_merged', int(vals[4]))
get_diff(dev, 'writes_merged', int(vals[8]))
get_delta(dev, 'read_bytes_per_sec', int(vals[5]), float(BYTES_PER_SECTOR))
get_delta(dev, 'write_bytes_per_sec', int(vals[9]), float(BYTES_PER_SECTOR))
get_delta(dev, 'read_time', float(vals[6]), 0.001)
get_delta(dev, 'write_time', float(vals[10]), 0.001)
get_diff(dev, 'io_time', float(vals[12]), 0.001)
get_percent_time(dev, 'percent_io_time', float(stats[dev]['io_time']))
get_delta(dev, 'weighted_io_time', float(vals[13]), 0.001)
logging.debug('success refreshing stats')
logging.debug('stats: ' + str(stats))
logging.debug('last_val: ' + str(last_val))
last_update = cur_time
return True
def get_delta(dev, key, val, convert=1):
logging.debug(' get_delta for ' + dev + '_' + key)
global stats, last_val
if convert == 0:
logging.warning(' convert is zero!')
interval = cur_time - last_update
if key in last_val[dev] and interval > 0:
if val < last_val[dev][key]:
logging.debug(' fixing int32 wrap')
val += 4294967296
stats[dev][key] = (val - last_val[dev][key]) * float(convert) / float(interval)
else:
stats[dev][key] = 0
last_val[dev][key] = int(val)
def get_percent_time(dev, key, val):
logging.debug(' get_percent_time for ' + dev + '_' + key)
global stats, last_val
interval = cur_time - last_update
if interval > 0:
stats[dev][key] = (val / interval) * 100
else:
stats[dev][key] = 0
def get_diff(dev, key, val, convert=1):
logging.debug(' get_diff for ' + dev + '_' + key)
global stats, last_val
if key in last_val[dev]:
stats[dev][key] = (val - last_val[dev][key]) * float(convert)
else:
stats[dev][key] = 0
# If for some reason we have a negative diff we should assume counters reset
# and should set it back to 0
if stats[dev][key] < 0:
stats[dev][key] = 0
last_val[dev][key] = val
def get_stat(name):
logging.debug(' getting stat: ' + name)
global stats
ret = update_stats()
if ret:
if name.startswith('diskstat_'):
fir = name.find('_')
sec = name.find('_', fir + 1)
dev = name[fir + 1:sec]
label = name[sec + 1:]
try:
return stats[dev][label]
except:
logging.warning('failed to fetch [' + dev + '] ' + name)
return 0
else:
label = name
try:
return stats[label]
except:
logging.warning('failed to fetch ' + name)
return 0
else:
return 0
def metric_init(params):
global descriptors, device_mapper
global MIN_DISK_SIZE, DEVICES, IGNORE_DEV
# Use params.get here to assure function via gmond
if params.get('device-mapper') == 'true':
devices = list_dmnames()
DEVICES = devices
IGNORE_DEV = 'loop|drbd'
device_mapper = 'true'
logging.debug('dm block devices: ' + str(devices))
else:
DEVICES = params.get('devices')
logging.debug('init: ' + str(params))
time_max = 60
descriptions = dict(
reads={
'units': 'reads',
'description': 'The number of reads completed'},
reads_merged={
'units': 'reads',
'description': 'The number of reads merged. Reads which are adjacent to each other may be merged for efficiency. Multiple reads may become one before it is handed to the disk, and it will be counted (and queued) as only one I/O.'},
read_bytes_per_sec={
'units': 'bytes/sec',
'description': 'The number of bytes read per second'},
read_time={
'units': 's',
'description': 'The time in seconds spent reading'},
writes={
'units': 'writes',
'description': 'The number of writes completed'},
writes_merged={
'units': 'writes',
'description': 'The number of writes merged. Writes which are adjacent to each other may be merged for efficiency. Multiple writes may become one before it is handed to the disk, and it will be counted (and queued) as only one I/O.'},
write_bytes_per_sec={
'units': 'bytes/sec',
'description': 'The number of bytes written per second'},
write_time={
'units': 's',
'description': 'The time in seconds spent writing'},
io_time={
'units': 's',
'description': 'The time in seconds spent in I/O operations'},
percent_io_time={
'units': 'percent',
'value_type': 'float',
'format': '%f',
'description': 'The percent of disk time spent on I/O operations'},
weighted_io_time={
'units': 's',
'description': 'The weighted time in seconds spend in I/O operations. This measures each I/O start, I/O completion, I/O merge, or read of these stats by the number of I/O operations in progress times the number of seconds spent doing I/O.'}
)
update_stats()
for label in descriptions:
for dev in PARTITIONS:
if label in stats[dev]:
d = {
'name': 'diskstat_' + dev + '_' + label,
'call_back': get_stat,
'time_max': time_max,
'value_type': 'float',
'units': '',
'slope': 'both',
'format': '%f',
'description': label,
'groups': 'diskstat'
}
# Apply metric customizations from descriptions
d.update(descriptions[label])
descriptors.append(d)
else:
logging.error("skipped " + label)
# For command line testing
# time.sleep(MAX_UPDATE_TIME)
# update_stats()
return descriptors
def metric_cleanup():
logging.shutdown()
# pass
if __name__ == '__main__':
from optparse import OptionParser
import os
logging.debug('running from cmd line')
parser = OptionParser()
parser.add_option('-d', '--devices', dest='devices', default=None, help='devices to explicitly check')
parser.add_option('-b', '--gmetric-bin', dest='gmetric_bin', default='/usr/bin/gmetric', help='path to gmetric binary')
parser.add_option('-c', '--gmond-conf', dest='gmond_conf', default='/etc/ganglia/gmond.conf', help='path to gmond.conf')
parser.add_option('-g', '--gmetric', dest='gmetric', action='store_true', default=False, help='submit via gmetric')
parser.add_option('-m', '--device-mapper', dest='device_mapper', action='store_true', default=False, help='utilize all device mapper devices if set')
parser.add_option('-q', '--quiet', dest='quiet', action='store_true', default=False)
(options, args) = parser.parse_args()
if options.device_mapper:
metric_init({
'device-mapper': 'true',
})
else:
metric_init({
'devices': options.devices,
})
while True:
for d in descriptors:
v = d['call_back'](d['name'])
if not options.quiet:
print ' %s: %s %s [%s]' % (d['name'], v, d['units'], d['description'])
if options.gmetric:
if d['value_type'] == 'uint':
value_type = 'uint32'
else:
value_type = d['value_type']
cmd = "%s --conf=%s --value='%s' --units='%s' --type='%s' --name='%s' --slope='%s'" % \
(options.gmetric_bin, options.gmond_conf, v, d['units'], value_type, d['name'], d['slope'])
os.system(cmd)
print 'Sleeping 15 seconds'
time.sleep(15)
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