include "compile_time_constants.pxi"

import os

import sys

import cython

import platform

import traceback

import time

import types

import re

import copy

import inspect # used by JavascriptBindings.__SetObjectMethods()

import urllib

import json

import datetime

import random

import struct

import base64

from urllib import parse as urlparse

from urllib.parse import quote as urlparse_quote

from urllib.parse import urlencode as urllib_urlencode

from cpython.version cimport PY_MAJOR_VERSION

import weakref

ctypedef object py_string

ctypedef object py_void

from cpython cimport PyLong_FromVoidPtr

from cpython cimport bool as py_bool

from libcpp cimport bool as cpp_bool

from libcpp.map cimport map as cpp_map

from multimap cimport multimap as cpp_multimap

from libcpp.pair cimport pair as cpp_pair

from libcpp.vector cimport vector as cpp_vector

from libcpp.string cimport string as cpp_string

from wstring cimport wstring as cpp_wstring

from libcpp.memory cimport unique_ptr

from libc.string cimport strlen

from libc.string cimport memcpy

from cython.operator cimport preincrement as preinc, dereference as deref

from libc.stdlib cimport calloc, malloc, free

from libc.stdlib cimport atoi

from libc.stdint cimport uint64_t

from libc.stdint cimport uintptr_t

ctypedef uintptr_t WindowHandle

cimport ctime

IF UNAME_SYSNAME == "Windows":

from windows cimport *

from dpi_aware_win cimport *

ELIF UNAME_SYSNAME == "Linux":

from linux cimport *

ELIF UNAME_SYSNAME == "Darwin":

from mac cimport *

from cpp_utils cimport *

from task cimport *

IF UNAME_SYSNAME == "Linux":

cimport x11

from cef_string cimport *

from cef_api_hash cimport *

cdef extern from *:

# noinspection PyUnresolvedReferences

ctypedef CefString ConstCefString "const CefString"

from cef_types cimport (

CefSettings, CefBrowserSettings, CefRect, CefSize, CefPoint,

CefKeyEvent, CefMouseEvent, CefScreenInfo,

PathKey, PK_DIR_EXE, PK_DIR_MODULE,

cef_log_severity_t,

)

from cef_ptr cimport CefRefPtr

from cef_task cimport *

from cef_platform cimport *

from cef_app cimport *

from cef_browser cimport *

cimport cef_browser_static

from cef_client cimport *

from client_handler cimport *

from cef_frame cimport *

from cef_time cimport *

from cef_values cimport *

from cefpython_app cimport *

from cef_process_message cimport *

from cef_request_handler cimport *

from cef_request cimport *

from cef_cookie cimport *

from cef_string_visitor cimport *

cimport cef_cookie_manager_namespace

from cookie_visitor cimport *

from string_visitor cimport *

from cef_callback cimport *

from cef_response cimport *

from cef_resource_handler cimport *

from resource_handler cimport *

from cef_urlrequest cimport *

from web_request_client cimport *

from cef_command_line cimport *

from cef_request_context cimport *

from cef_request_context_handler cimport *

from request_context_handler cimport *

from cef_jsdialog_handler cimport *

from cef_path_util cimport *

from cef_drag_data cimport *

from cef_image cimport *

from main_message_loop cimport *

from cef_views cimport *

from cef_log cimport *

from cef_file_util cimport *

g_debug = False

g_applicationSettings = {"string_encoding": "utf-8"}

g_commandLineSwitches = {}

g_browser_settings = {}

cdef CefRefPtr[CefRequestContext] g_shared_request_context

cdef unique_ptr[MainMessageLoopExternalPump] g_external_message_pump

cdef py_bool g_MessageLoop_called = False

cdef py_bool g_MessageLoopWork_called = False

cdef py_bool g_cef_initialized = False

cdef dict g_globalClientCallbacks = {}

include "cef_types.pyx"

include "utils.pyx"

include "string_utils.pyx"

IF UNAME_SYSNAME == "Windows":

include "string_utils_win.pyx"

include "time_utils.pyx"

include "browser.pyx"

include "frame.pyx"

include "settings.pyx"

IF UNAME_SYSNAME == "Windows":

include "window_utils_win.pyx"

include "dpi_aware_win.pyx"

ELIF UNAME_SYSNAME == "Linux":

include "window_utils_linux.pyx"

ELIF UNAME_SYSNAME == "Darwin":

include "window_utils_mac.pyx"

include "task.pyx"

include "javascript_bindings.pyx"

include "virtual_keys.pyx"

include "window_info.pyx"

include "process_message_utils.pyx"

include "javascript_callback.pyx"

include "python_callback.pyx"

include "request.pyx"

include "cookie.pyx"

include "string_visitor.pyx"

include "network_error.pyx"

include "paint_buffer.pyx"

include "callback.pyx"

include "response.pyx"

include "web_request.pyx"

include "command_line.pyx"

include "app.pyx"

include "drag_data.pyx"

include "helpers.pyx"

include "image.pyx"

include "handlers/accessibility_handler.pyx"

include "handlers/browser_process_handler.pyx"

include "handlers/cookie_access_filter.pyx"

include "handlers/display_handler.pyx"

include "handlers/focus_handler.pyx"

include "handlers/javascript_dialog_handler.pyx"

include "handlers/keyboard_handler.pyx"

include "handlers/lifespan_handler.pyx"

include "handlers/load_handler.pyx"

include "handlers/render_handler.pyx"

include "handlers/resource_handler.pyx"

include "handlers/request_handler.pyx"

include "handlers/v8context_handler.pyx"

include "handlers/v8function_handler.pyx"

cdef public void cefpython_GetDebugOptions(

cpp_bool* debug

) noexcept with gil:

# Called from subprocess/cefpython_app.cpp -> CefPythonApp constructor.

try:

debug[0] = <cpp_bool>bool(g_debug)

except:

(exc_type, exc_value, exc_trace) = sys.exc_info()

sys.excepthook(exc_type, exc_value, exc_trace)

cdef public cpp_bool ApplicationSettings_GetBool(const char* key

) noexcept with gil:

# Called from client_handler/client_handler.cpp for example

cdef py_string pyKey = CharToPyString(key)

if pyKey in g_applicationSettings:

return bool(g_applicationSettings[pyKey])

return False

cdef public cpp_bool ApplicationSettings_GetBoolFromDict(const char* key1,

const char* key2) noexcept with gil:

cdef py_string pyKey1 = CharToPyString(key1)

cdef py_string pyKey2 = CharToPyString(key2)

cdef object dictValue # Yet to be checked whether it is `dict`

if pyKey1 in g_applicationSettings:

dictValue = g_applicationSettings[pyKey1]

if type(dictValue) != dict:

return False

if pyKey2 in dictValue:

return bool(dictValue[pyKey2])

return False

cdef public cpp_string ApplicationSettings_GetString(const char* key

) noexcept with gil:

cdef py_string pyKey = CharToPyString(key)

cdef cpp_string cppString

if pyKey in g_applicationSettings:

cppString = PyStringToChar(AnyToPyString(g_applicationSettings[pyKey]))

return cppString

cdef public int CommandLineSwitches_GetInt(const char* key) noexcept with gil:

cdef py_string pyKey = CharToPyString(key)

if pyKey in g_commandLineSwitches:

return int(g_commandLineSwitches[pyKey])

return 0

def Initialize(applicationSettings=None, commandLineSwitches=None, **kwargs):

# applicationSettings and commandLineSwitches argument

# names are kept for backward compatibility.

application_settings = applicationSettings

command_line_switches = commandLineSwitches

# Alternative names for existing parameters

if "settings" in kwargs:

assert not applicationSettings, "Bad arguments"

application_settings = kwargs["settings"]

del kwargs["settings"]

if "switches" in kwargs:

assert not command_line_switches, "Bad arguments"

command_line_switches = kwargs["switches"]

del kwargs["switches"]

for kwarg in kwargs:

raise Exception("Invalid argument: "+kwarg)

if command_line_switches:

# Make a copy as commandLineSwitches is a reference only

# that might get destroyed later.

global g_commandLineSwitches

for key in command_line_switches:

g_commandLineSwitches[key] = copy.deepcopy(

command_line_switches[key])

# Use g_commandLineSwitches if you need to modify or access

# command line switches inside this function.

del command_line_switches

del commandLineSwitches

if not application_settings:

application_settings = {}

# Debug settings need to be set before Debug() is called

# and before the CefPythonApp class is instantiated.

global g_debug

if "--debug" in sys.argv:

application_settings["debug"] = True

application_settings["log_file"] = os.path.join(os.getcwd(),

"debug.log")

application_settings["log_severity"] = LOGSEVERITY_INFO

sys.argv.remove("--debug")

if "debug" in application_settings:

g_debug = bool(application_settings["debug"])

if "log_severity" in application_settings:

if application_settings["log_severity"] <= LOGSEVERITY_INFO:

g_debug = True

Debug("Initialize() called")

# Additional initialization on Mac, see util_mac.mm.

IF UNAME_SYSNAME == "Darwin":

MacInitialize()

# ------------------------------------------------------------------------

# CEF Python only options

# ------------------------------------------------------------------------

if "debug" not in application_settings:

application_settings["debug"] = False

if "log_severity" not in application_settings:

# By default show only errors. Don't show on Linux X server non-fatal

# errors like "WARNING:x11_util.cc(1409)] X error received".

application_settings["log_severity"] = LOGSEVERITY_ERROR

if "string_encoding" not in application_settings:

application_settings["string_encoding"] = "utf-8"

if "unique_request_context_per_browser" not in application_settings:

application_settings["unique_request_context_per_browser"] = False

if "downloads_enabled" not in application_settings:

application_settings["downloads_enabled"] = True

if "remote_debugging_port" not in application_settings:

application_settings["remote_debugging_port"] = 0

if "app_user_model_id" in application_settings:

g_commandLineSwitches["app-user-model-id"] =\

application_settings["app_user_model_id"]

# ------------------------------------------------------------------------

# Paths

# ------------------------------------------------------------------------

cdef str module_dir = GetModuleDirectory()

if platform.system() == "Darwin":

if "framework_dir_path" not in application_settings:

application_settings["framework_dir_path"] = os.path.join(

module_dir, "Chromium Embedded Framework.framework")

IF UNAME_SYSNAME == "Darwin":

if "main_bundle_path" not in application_settings:

main_bundle_path = os.fsdecode(

<bytes>MacGetMainBundlePath())

if main_bundle_path and os.path.isabs(main_bundle_path):

application_settings["main_bundle_path"] = \

main_bundle_path

else:

# A non-framework CLI Python may not live in an app bundle.

# Use the packaged generic helper as a real fallback bundle

# so the browser and all specialized helpers share one CEF

# BaseBundleID for Mach port rendezvous.

helper_bundle_path = os.path.join(

module_dir, "cefpython Helper.app")

if os.path.isdir(helper_bundle_path):

application_settings["main_bundle_path"] = \

helper_bundle_path

if "locales_dir_path" not in application_settings:

if platform.system() != "Darwin":

application_settings["locales_dir_path"] = os.path.join(

module_dir, "locales")

if "resources_dir_path" not in application_settings:

application_settings["resources_dir_path"] = module_dir

if platform.system() == "Darwin":

# "framework_dir_path" will always be set, see code above.

application_settings["resources_dir_path"] = os.path.join(

application_settings["framework_dir_path"],

"Resources")

if "browser_subprocess_path" not in application_settings:

if platform.system() == "Darwin":

application_settings["browser_subprocess_path"] = os.path.join(

module_dir, "cefpython Helper.app", "Contents", "MacOS",

"cefpython Helper")

else:

application_settings["browser_subprocess_path"] = os.path.join(

module_dir, "subprocess")

# ------------------------------------------------------------------------

# Mouse context menu

# ------------------------------------------------------------------------

if "context_menu" not in application_settings:

application_settings["context_menu"] = {}

menuItems = ["enabled", "navigation", "print", "view_source",

"external_browser", "devtools"]

for item in menuItems:

if item not in application_settings["context_menu"]:

application_settings["context_menu"][item] = True

# ------------------------------------------------------------------------

# Remote debugging port.

# ------------------------------------------------------------------------

# If value is 0 we will generate a random port. To disable

# remote debugging set value to -1.

if application_settings["remote_debugging_port"] == 0:

# Generate a random port.

application_settings["remote_debugging_port"] =\

random.randint(49152, 65535)

elif application_settings["remote_debugging_port"] == -1:

# Disable remote debugging

application_settings["remote_debugging_port"] = 0

# ------------------------------------------------------------------------

# CEF options - default values

# ------------------------------------------------------------------------

if not "multi_threaded_message_loop" in application_settings:

application_settings["multi_threaded_message_loop"] = False

# ------------------------------------------------------------------------

# ------------------------------------------------------------------------

# Fix GPUCache/ folder creation when using in-memory cache (Issue #419)

# ------------------------------------------------------------------------

if not "cache_path" in application_settings:

application_settings["cache_path"] = ""

if not application_settings["cache_path"]:

g_commandLineSwitches["disable-gpu-shader-disk-cache"] = ""

IF UNAME_SYSNAME == "Linux":

# Apply Linux default command-line switches before the browser-process

# argv is built from g_commandLineSwitches below. setdefault lets an app

# override either by passing it explicitly to cef.Initialize(switches=).

#

# Force Chrome's Ozone backend to X11. This is the *only* thing keeping

# Chromium off the Wayland display on a Wayland session — cefpython embeds

# via X11 window handles (CefWindowInfo.SetAsChild) and drives X11 window

# geometry directly.

#

# Root cause (upstream CEF): native windowed embedding into a client

# parent_window is implemented for X11 only — CreateHostWindow() in CEF's

# libcef/browser/native/browser_platform_delegate_native_linux.cc is wrapped

# entirely in `#if BUILDFLAG(SUPPORTS_OZONE_X11)` (creating a CefWindowX11)

# with no Wayland branch, and there is no window_wayland implementation.

# Wayland has no cross-process window embedding (no X11-style window IDs /

# XReparent), so CEF cannot parent the browser into a foreign Wayland

# surface; embedders must run under X11/XWayland. Verified on CEF 147:

# without this switch, a Wayland session selects the Wayland Ozone backend

# and the embedding path crashes.

g_commandLineSwitches.setdefault("ozone-platform", "x11")

# Disable Chromium's Linux sandbox. It is on by default and needs either a

# SUID-root "chrome-sandbox" helper or an unprivileged user namespace to

# start; where neither is available CEF aborts during startup. A pip wheel

# can guarantee neither — it cannot install a chown-root binary, and many

# distros and container runtimes block unprivileged user namespaces — so

# cefpython disables the sandbox on Linux, as it always has. setdefault

# leaves an explicit caller-provided value untouched.

g_commandLineSwitches.setdefault("no-sandbox", "")

cdef CefRefPtr[CefApp] cefApp = <CefRefPtr[CefApp]?>new CefPythonApp()

IF UNAME_SYSNAME == "Windows":

cdef HINSTANCE hInstance = GetModuleHandle(NULL)

cdef CefMainArgs cefMainArgs = CefMainArgs(hInstance)

ELIF UNAME_SYSNAME == "Linux":

# Build a complete argv so the browser process sees all switches.

# OnBeforeChildProcessLaunch only reaches child processes; switches

# like --in-process-gpu and --single-process must be in the browser

# process's own command line to take effect.

_cefMainArgvPyList = [sys.executable.encode('utf-8')]

for _cefArgK, _cefArgV in g_commandLineSwitches.items():

if _cefArgV:

_cefMainArgvPyList.append(

("--{}={}".format(_cefArgK, _cefArgV)).encode('utf-8'))

else:

_cefMainArgvPyList.append(

("--{}".format(_cefArgK)).encode('utf-8'))

cdef int _cefMainArgc = len(_cefMainArgvPyList)

cdef char** _cefMainArgvC = \

<char**>malloc(_cefMainArgc * sizeof(char*))

cdef bytes _cefMainArgvItem

cdef int _cefMainArgvI

for _cefMainArgvI in range(_cefMainArgc):

_cefMainArgvItem = _cefMainArgvPyList[_cefMainArgvI]

_cefMainArgvC[_cefMainArgvI] = _cefMainArgvItem

cdef CefMainArgs cefMainArgs = CefMainArgs(_cefMainArgc, _cefMainArgvC)

# _cefMainArgvPyList keeps the bytes alive; freed below after

# CefInitialize() has processed the command line.

ELIF UNAME_SYSNAME == "Darwin":

# TODO: use the CefMainArgs(int argc, char** argv) constructor.

cdef CefMainArgs cefMainArgs

cdef int exitCode = 1

# NOTE: CefExecuteProcess shall not be called here. It should

# be called only in the subprocess main.cpp.

# Make a copy as applicationSettings is a reference only

# that might get destroyed later.

global g_applicationSettings

for key in application_settings:

g_applicationSettings[key] = copy.deepcopy(application_settings[key])

cdef CefSettings cefApplicationSettings

# No sandboxing for the subprocesses. On Linux this is done via the

# --no-sandbox switch above, not here — setting no_sandbox=1 crashes

# subprocesses with "Failed global descriptor lookup: 7".

IF UNAME_SYSNAME != "Linux":

cefApplicationSettings.no_sandbox = 1

SetApplicationSettings(application_settings, &cefApplicationSettings)

# External message pump

if GetAppSetting("external_message_pump")\

and not g_external_message_pump.get():

Debug("Create external message pump")

global g_external_message_pump

# Using .reset() here to assign new instance was causing

# MainMessageLoopExternalPump destructor to be called. Strange.

g_external_message_pump = MainMessageLoopExternalPump.Create()

Debug("CefInitialize()")

cdef cpp_bool ret

with nogil:

ret = CefInitialize(cefMainArgs, cefApplicationSettings, cefApp, NULL)

IF UNAME_SYSNAME == "Linux":

free(_cefMainArgvC)

global g_cef_initialized

g_cef_initialized = True

if not ret:

Debug("CefInitialize() failed")

IF UNAME_SYSNAME == "Linux":

WindowUtils.InstallX11ErrorHandlers()

return ret

def CreateBrowser(**kwargs):

"""Create browser asynchronously. TODO. """

CreateBrowserSync(**kwargs)

def CreateBrowserSync(windowInfo=None,

browserSettings=None,

navigateUrl="",

window_title="",

**kwargs):

# Alternative names for existing parameters

if "window_info" in kwargs:

windowInfo = kwargs["window_info"]

del kwargs["window_info"]

if "settings" in kwargs:

browserSettings = kwargs["settings"]

del kwargs["settings"]

if "url" in kwargs:

navigateUrl = kwargs["url"]

del kwargs["url"]

for kwarg in kwargs:

raise Exception("Invalid argument: "+kwarg)

Debug("CreateBrowserSync() called")

"""

# Only title was set in hello_world.py example

if windowInfo and not windowInfo.windowType:

windowInfo.SetAsChild(0)

# No window info provided

if not windowInfo:

windowInfo = WindowInfo()

windowInfo.SetAsChild(0)

elif not isinstance(windowInfo, WindowInfo):

raise Exception("CreateBrowserSync() failed: windowInfo: invalid object")

if window_title and windowInfo.parentWindowHandle == 0:

windowInfo.windowName = window_title

# Browser settings

if not browserSettings:

browserSettings = {}

# CEF Python only settings

if "inherit_client_handlers_for_popups" not in browserSettings:

browserSettings["inherit_client_handlers_for_popups"] = True

cdef CefBrowserSettings cefBrowserSettings

SetBrowserSettings(browserSettings, &cefBrowserSettings)

cdef CefWindowInfo cefWindowInfo

SetCefWindowInfo(cefWindowInfo, windowInfo)

cdef CefString cefNavigateUrl

PyToCefString(navigateUrl, cefNavigateUrl)

Debug("CefBrowser::CreateBrowserSync()")

cdef CefRefPtr[ClientHandler] clientHandler =\

<CefRefPtr[ClientHandler]?>new ClientHandler()

cdef CefRefPtr[CefBrowser] cefBrowser

# Request context - part 1/2.

createSharedRequestContext = bool(not g_shared_request_context.get())

cdef CefRefPtr[CefRequestContext] cefRequestContext

cdef CefRefPtr[RequestContextHandler] requestContextHandler =\

<CefRefPtr[RequestContextHandler]?>new RequestContextHandler(

cefBrowser)

if g_applicationSettings["unique_request_context_per_browser"]:

cefRequestContext = CefRequestContext.CreateContext(

CefRequestContext.GetGlobalContext(),

<CefRefPtr[CefRequestContextHandler]?>requestContextHandler)

elif createSharedRequestContext:

cefRequestContext = CefRequestContext.CreateContext(

CefRequestContext.GetGlobalContext(),

<CefRefPtr[CefRequestContextHandler]?>requestContextHandler)

g_shared_request_context.Assign(cefRequestContext.get())

else:

cefRequestContext.Assign(g_shared_request_context.get())

cdef CefRefPtr[CefDictionaryValue] extra_info

# CEF browser creation.

with nogil:

cefBrowser = cef_browser_static.CreateBrowserSync(

cefWindowInfo, <CefRefPtr[CefClient]?>clientHandler,

cefNavigateUrl, cefBrowserSettings, extra_info,

cefRequestContext)

if not cefBrowser or not cefBrowser.get():

Debug("CefBrowser::CreateBrowserSync() failed")

return None

else:

Debug("CefBrowser::CreateBrowserSync() succeeded")

Debug("CefBrowser window handle = "

+str(<uintptr_t>cefBrowser.get().GetHost().get().GetWindowHandle()))

# Make a copy as browserSettings is a reference only that might

# get destroyed later.

global g_browser_settings

cdef int browser_id = cefBrowser.get().GetIdentifier()

g_browser_settings[browser_id] = {}

for key in browserSettings:

g_browser_settings[browser_id][key] =\

copy.deepcopy(browserSettings[key])

# Request context - part 2/2.

if g_applicationSettings["unique_request_context_per_browser"]:

requestContextHandler.get().SetBrowser(cefBrowser)

else:

if createSharedRequestContext:

requestContextHandler.get().SetBrowser(cefBrowser)

cdef PyBrowser pyBrowser = GetPyBrowser(cefBrowser)

pyBrowser.SetUserData("__outerWindowHandle",

int(windowInfo.parentWindowHandle))

"""

if windowInfo.parentWindowHandle == 0\

and windowInfo.windowType == "child"\

and windowInfo.windowName:

# Set window title in hello_world.py example

IF UNAME_SYSNAME == "Linux":

x11.SetX11WindowTitle(cefBrowser,

PyStringToChar(windowInfo.windowName))

ELIF UNAME_SYSNAME == "Darwin":

MacSetWindowTitle(cefBrowser,

PyStringToChar(windowInfo.windowName))

return pyBrowser

def MessageLoop():

Debug("MessageLoop()")

if not g_MessageLoop_called:

global g_MessageLoop_called

g_MessageLoop_called = True

with nogil:

CefRunMessageLoop()

def MessageLoopWork():

# Perform a single iteration of CEF message loop processing.

# This function is used to integrate the CEF message loop

# into an existing application message loop.

# Anything that can block for a significant amount of time

# and is thread-safe should release the GIL:

# https://groups.google.com/d/msg/cython-users/jcvjpSOZPp0/KHpUEX8IhnAJ

# GIL must be released here otherwise we will get dead lock

# when calling from c++ to python.

if not g_MessageLoopWork_called:

global g_MessageLoopWork_called

g_MessageLoopWork_called = True

with nogil:

CefDoMessageLoopWork()

def SingleMessageLoop():

# @deprecated, use MessageLoopWork() instead

MessageLoopWork()

def QuitMessageLoop():

Debug("QuitMessageLoop()")

with nogil:

CefQuitMessageLoop()

def Shutdown():

Debug("Shutdown()")

# Run some message loop work, force closing browsers and then run

# some message loop work again for the browsers to close cleanly.

#

# UPDATE: This code needs to be rechecked. There were enhancements

# to unrferencing globally stored Browser objects in

# g_pyBrowsers. See Issue #330 and its commits.

#

# CASE 1:

# There might be a case when python error occured after creating

# browser, but before any message loop was run. In such case

# the renderer process won't be terminated unless we run some

# message loop work here first, close browser and free

# reference, and then run some message loop work again.

#

# CASE 2:

# Application closes browser and then calls CEF shutdown. We need

# to run some message loop work so that browser can close cleanly.

# Looks like running message loop work is also required when

# application runs MessageLoop() (Issue #282 and the hello_world.py

# example).

#

# CASE 3:

# Run some message loop work to fix possible errors on shutdown.

# See this post:

# >> https://magpcss.org/ceforum/viewtopic.php?p=30858#p30858

# May be fixed by host owned message loop, see Issue 1805:

# >> https://bitbucket.org/chromiumembedded/cef/issues/1805/

# This 0.2 sec message loop work should close browsers and clean

# CEF references. Even when CloseBrowser(True) wasn't called

# in client app, then this code below should close it cleanly.

# Looks like CEF detects that parent window was destroyed

# and closes browser automatically if you give it some time.

# If the time was not enough, then there is an emergency plan,

# the code block further down that checks len(g_pyBrowsers).

for _ in range(20):

for __ in range(10):

with nogil:

CefDoMessageLoopWork()

time.sleep(0.01)

# Emergency plan in case the code above didn't close browsers,

# and neither browsers were closed in client app. This code

# will force closing browsers by calling CloseBrowser(True)

# and then free global g_pyBrowsers list that keeps CEF

# references alive.

if len(g_pyBrowsers):

browsers_list = []

for browserId in g_pyBrowsers:

# Cannot close browser here otherwise error:

# > dictionary changed size during iteration

browsers_list.append(browserId)

browser_close_forced = False

for browserId in browsers_list:

browser = GetPyBrowserById(browserId)

if browser and browserId not in g_closed_browsers:

Debug("WARNING: Browser was not closed with CloseBrowser call."

" Will close it safely now, but this will delay CEF"

" shutdown by 0.2 sec.")

browser.CloseBrowser(True)

browser_close_forced = True

browser = None # free reference

RemovePyBrowser(browserId)

if browser_close_forced:

for _ in range(20):

for __ in range(10):

with nogil:

CefDoMessageLoopWork()

time.sleep(0.01)

# Message loop work was run, so handlers callbacks might got called

# and browsers might still be in g_pyBrowsers.

for browserId in browsers_list:

if browserId in g_pyBrowsers:

RemovePyBrowser(browserId)

# If the the two code blocks above, that tried to close browsers

# and free CEF references, failed, then display an error about it!

if len(g_pyBrowsers):

NonCriticalError("Shutdown called, but there are still browser"

" references alive")

# Release shared request context. In the past this was sometimes

# causing segmentation fault. See Issue #333:

# https://github.com/cztomczak/cefpython/issues/333

# Debug("Free g_shared_request_context")

# g_shared_request_context.Assign(NULL)

# Release external message pump before CefShutdown, so that

# message pump timer is killed.

if g_external_message_pump.get():

Debug("Reset external message pump")

# Reset will set it to NULL