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# encoding: utf-8
"""
A mixin for :class:`~IPython.core.application.Application` classes that
launch InteractiveShell instances, load extensions, etc.
Authors
-------
* Min Ragan-Kelley
"""
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Copyright (C) 2008-2011 The IPython Development Team
#
# Distributed under the terms of the BSD License. The full license is in
# the file COPYING, distributed as part of this software.
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Imports
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
from __future__ import absolute_import
from __future__ import print_function
import glob
import os
import sys
from IPython.config.application import boolean_flag
from IPython.config.configurable import Configurable
from IPython.config.loader import Config
from IPython.core import pylabtools
from IPython.utils import py3compat
from IPython.utils.contexts import preserve_keys
from IPython.utils.path import filefind
from IPython.utils.traitlets import (
Unicode, Instance, List, Bool, CaselessStrEnum
)
from IPython.lib.inputhook import guis
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Aliases and Flags
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
gui_keys = tuple(sorted([ key for key in guis if key is not None ]))
backend_keys = sorted(pylabtools.backends.keys())
backend_keys.insert(0, 'auto')
shell_flags = {}
addflag = lambda *args: shell_flags.update(boolean_flag(*args))
addflag('autoindent', 'InteractiveShell.autoindent',
'Turn on autoindenting.', 'Turn off autoindenting.'
)
addflag('automagic', 'InteractiveShell.automagic',
"""Turn on the auto calling of magic commands. Type %%magic at the
IPython prompt for more information.""",
'Turn off the auto calling of magic commands.'
)
addflag('pdb', 'InteractiveShell.pdb',
"Enable auto calling the pdb debugger after every exception.",
"Disable auto calling the pdb debugger after every exception."
)
# pydb flag doesn't do any config, as core.debugger switches on import,
# which is before parsing. This just allows the flag to be passed.
shell_flags.update(dict(
pydb = ({},
"""Use the third party 'pydb' package as debugger, instead of pdb.
Requires that pydb is installed."""
)
))
addflag('pprint', 'PlainTextFormatter.pprint',
"Enable auto pretty printing of results.",
"Disable auto pretty printing of results."
)
addflag('color-info', 'InteractiveShell.color_info',
"""IPython can display information about objects via a set of func-
tions, and optionally can use colors for this, syntax highlighting
source code and various other elements. However, because this
information is passed through a pager (like 'less') and many pagers get
confused with color codes, this option is off by default. You can test
it and turn it on permanently in your ipython_config.py file if it
works for you. Test it and turn it on permanently if it works with
your system. The magic function %%color_info allows you to toggle this
interactively for testing.""",
"Disable using colors for info related things."
)
addflag('deep-reload', 'InteractiveShell.deep_reload',
"""Enable deep (recursive) reloading by default. IPython can use the
deep_reload module which reloads changes in modules recursively (it
replaces the reload() function, so you don't need to change anything to
use it). deep_reload() forces a full reload of modules whose code may
have changed, which the default reload() function does not. When
deep_reload is off, IPython will use the normal reload(), but
deep_reload will still be available as dreload(). This feature is off
by default [which means that you have both normal reload() and
dreload()].""",
"Disable deep (recursive) reloading by default."
)
nosep_config = Config()
nosep_config.InteractiveShell.separate_in = ''
nosep_config.InteractiveShell.separate_out = ''
nosep_config.InteractiveShell.separate_out2 = ''
shell_flags['nosep']=(nosep_config, "Eliminate all spacing between prompts.")
shell_flags['pylab'] = (
{'InteractiveShellApp' : {'pylab' : 'auto'}},
"""Pre-load matplotlib and numpy for interactive use with
the default matplotlib backend."""
)
shell_flags['matplotlib'] = (
{'InteractiveShellApp' : {'matplotlib' : 'auto'}},
"""Configure matplotlib for interactive use with
the default matplotlib backend."""
)
# it's possible we don't want short aliases for *all* of these:
shell_aliases = dict(
autocall='InteractiveShell.autocall',
colors='InteractiveShell.colors',
logfile='InteractiveShell.logfile',
logappend='InteractiveShell.logappend',
c='InteractiveShellApp.code_to_run',
m='InteractiveShellApp.module_to_run',
ext='InteractiveShellApp.extra_extension',
gui='InteractiveShellApp.gui',
pylab='InteractiveShellApp.pylab',
matplotlib='InteractiveShellApp.matplotlib',
)
shell_aliases['cache-size'] = 'InteractiveShell.cache_size'
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Main classes and functions
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
class InteractiveShellApp(Configurable):
"""A Mixin for applications that start InteractiveShell instances.
Provides configurables for loading extensions and executing files
as part of configuring a Shell environment.
The following methods should be called by the :meth:`initialize` method
of the subclass:
- :meth:`init_path`
- :meth:`init_shell` (to be implemented by the subclass)
- :meth:`init_gui_pylab`
- :meth:`init_extensions`
- :meth:`init_code`
"""
extensions = List(Unicode, config=True,
help="A list of dotted module names of IPython extensions to load."
)
extra_extension = Unicode('', config=True,
help="dotted module name of an IPython extension to load."
)
def _extra_extension_changed(self, name, old, new):
if new:
# add to self.extensions
self.extensions.append(new)
# Extensions that are always loaded (not configurable)
default_extensions = List(Unicode, [u'storemagic'], config=False)
hide_initial_ns = Bool(True, config=True,
help="""Should variables loaded at startup (by startup files, exec_lines, etc.)
be hidden from tools like %who?"""
)
exec_files = List(Unicode, config=True,
help="""List of files to run at IPython startup."""
)
exec_PYTHONSTARTUP = Bool(True, config=True,
help="""Run the file referenced by the PYTHONSTARTUP environment
variable at IPython startup."""
)
file_to_run = Unicode('', config=True,
help="""A file to be run""")
exec_lines = List(Unicode, config=True,
help="""lines of code to run at IPython startup."""
)
code_to_run = Unicode('', config=True,
help="Execute the given command string."
)
module_to_run = Unicode('', config=True,
help="Run the module as a script."
)
gui = CaselessStrEnum(gui_keys, config=True,
help="Enable GUI event loop integration with any of {0}.".format(gui_keys)
)
matplotlib = CaselessStrEnum(backend_keys,
config=True,
help="""Configure matplotlib for interactive use with
the default matplotlib backend."""
)
pylab = CaselessStrEnum(backend_keys,
config=True,
help="""Pre-load matplotlib and numpy for interactive use,
selecting a particular matplotlib backend and loop integration.
"""
)
pylab_import_all = Bool(True, config=True,
help="""If true, IPython will populate the user namespace with numpy, pylab, etc.
and an ``import *`` is done from numpy and pylab, when using pylab mode.
When False, pylab mode should not import any names into the user namespace.
"""
)
shell = Instance('IPython.core.interactiveshell.InteractiveShellABC')
user_ns = Instance(dict, args=None, allow_none=True)
def _user_ns_changed(self, name, old, new):
if self.shell is not None:
self.shell.user_ns = new
self.shell.init_user_ns()
def init_path(self):
"""Add current working directory, '', to sys.path"""
if sys.path[0] != '':
sys.path.insert(0, '')
def init_shell(self):
raise NotImplementedError("Override in subclasses")
def init_gui_pylab(self):
"""Enable GUI event loop integration, taking pylab into account."""
enable = False
shell = self.shell
if self.pylab:
enable = lambda key: shell.enable_pylab(key, import_all=self.pylab_import_all)
key = self.pylab
elif self.matplotlib:
enable = shell.enable_matplotlib
key = self.matplotlib
elif self.gui:
enable = shell.enable_gui
key = self.gui
if not enable:
return
try:
r = enable(key)
except ImportError:
self.log.warn("Eventloop or matplotlib integration failed. Is matplotlib installed?")
self.shell.showtraceback()
return
except Exception:
self.log.warn("GUI event loop or pylab initialization failed")
self.shell.showtraceback()
return
if isinstance(r, tuple):
gui, backend = r[:2]
self.log.info("Enabling GUI event loop integration, "
"eventloop=%s, matplotlib=%s", gui, backend)
if key == "auto":
print("Using matplotlib backend: %s" % backend)
else:
gui = r
self.log.info("Enabling GUI event loop integration, "
"eventloop=%s", gui)
def init_extensions(self):
"""Load all IPython extensions in IPythonApp.extensions.
This uses the :meth:`ExtensionManager.load_extensions` to load all
the extensions listed in ``self.extensions``.
"""
try:
self.log.debug("Loading IPython extensions...")
extensions = self.default_extensions + self.extensions
for ext in extensions:
try:
self.log.info("Loading IPython extension: %s" % ext)
self.shell.extension_manager.load_extension(ext)
except:
self.log.warn("Error in loading extension: %s" % ext +
"\nCheck your config files in %s" % self.profile_dir.location
)
self.shell.showtraceback()
except:
self.log.warn("Unknown error in loading extensions:")
self.shell.showtraceback()
def init_code(self):
"""run the pre-flight code, specified via exec_lines"""
self._run_startup_files()
self._run_exec_lines()
self._run_exec_files()
# Hide variables defined here from %who etc.
if self.hide_initial_ns:
self.shell.user_ns_hidden.update(self.shell.user_ns)
# command-line execution (ipython -i script.py, ipython -m module)
# should *not* be excluded from %whos
self._run_cmd_line_code()
self._run_module()
# flush output, so itwon't be attached to the first cell
sys.stdout.flush()
sys.stderr.flush()
def _run_exec_lines(self):
"""Run lines of code in IPythonApp.exec_lines in the user's namespace."""
if not self.exec_lines:
return
try:
self.log.debug("Running code from IPythonApp.exec_lines...")
for line in self.exec_lines:
try:
self.log.info("Running code in user namespace: %s" %
line)
self.shell.run_cell(line, store_history=False)
except:
self.log.warn("Error in executing line in user "
"namespace: %s" % line)
self.shell.showtraceback()
except:
self.log.warn("Unknown error in handling IPythonApp.exec_lines:")
self.shell.showtraceback()
def _exec_file(self, fname):
try:
full_filename = filefind(fname, [u'.', self.ipython_dir])
except IOError as e:
self.log.warn("File not found: %r"%fname)
return
# Make sure that the running script gets a proper sys.argv as if it
# were run from a system shell.
save_argv = sys.argv
sys.argv = [full_filename] + self.extra_args[1:]
# protect sys.argv from potential unicode strings on Python 2:
if not py3compat.PY3:
sys.argv = [ py3compat.cast_bytes(a) for a in sys.argv ]
try:
if os.path.isfile(full_filename):
self.log.info("Running file in user namespace: %s" %
full_filename)
# Ensure that __file__ is always defined to match Python
# behavior.
with preserve_keys(self.shell.user_ns, '__file__'):
self.shell.user_ns['__file__'] = fname
if full_filename.endswith('.ipy'):
self.shell.safe_execfile_ipy(full_filename)
else:
# default to python, even without extension
self.shell.safe_execfile(full_filename,
self.shell.user_ns)
finally:
sys.argv = save_argv
def _run_startup_files(self):
"""Run files from profile startup directory"""
startup_dir = self.profile_dir.startup_dir
startup_files = []
if self.exec_PYTHONSTARTUP and os.environ.get('PYTHONSTARTUP', False) and \
not (self.file_to_run or self.code_to_run or self.module_to_run):
python_startup = os.environ['PYTHONSTARTUP']
self.log.debug("Running PYTHONSTARTUP file %s...", python_startup)
try:
self._exec_file(python_startup)
except:
self.log.warn("Unknown error in handling PYTHONSTARTUP file %s:", python_startup)
self.shell.showtraceback()
finally:
# Many PYTHONSTARTUP files set up the readline completions,
# but this is often at odds with IPython's own completions.
# Do not allow PYTHONSTARTUP to set up readline.
if self.shell.has_readline:
self.shell.set_readline_completer()
startup_files += glob.glob(os.path.join(startup_dir, '*.py'))
startup_files += glob.glob(os.path.join(startup_dir, '*.ipy'))
if not startup_files:
return
self.log.debug("Running startup files from %s...", startup_dir)
try:
for fname in sorted(startup_files):
self._exec_file(fname)
except:
self.log.warn("Unknown error in handling startup files:")
self.shell.showtraceback()
def _run_exec_files(self):
"""Run files from IPythonApp.exec_files"""
if not self.exec_files:
return
self.log.debug("Running files in IPythonApp.exec_files...")
try:
for fname in self.exec_files:
self._exec_file(fname)
except:
self.log.warn("Unknown error in handling IPythonApp.exec_files:")
self.shell.showtraceback()
def _run_cmd_line_code(self):
"""Run code or file specified at the command-line"""
if self.code_to_run:
line = self.code_to_run
try:
self.log.info("Running code given at command line (c=): %s" %
line)
self.shell.run_cell(line, store_history=False)
except:
self.log.warn("Error in executing line in user namespace: %s" %
line)
self.shell.showtraceback()
# Like Python itself, ignore the second if the first of these is present
elif self.file_to_run:
fname = self.file_to_run
try:
self._exec_file(fname)
except:
self.log.warn("Error in executing file in user namespace: %s" %
fname)
self.shell.showtraceback()
def _run_module(self):
"""Run module specified at the command-line."""
if self.module_to_run:
# Make sure that the module gets a proper sys.argv as if it were
# run using `python -m`.
save_argv = sys.argv
sys.argv = [sys.executable] + self.extra_args
try:
self.shell.safe_run_module(self.module_to_run,
self.shell.user_ns)
finally:
sys.argv = save_argv
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